Government of Hungary

The Government of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország Kormánya) exercises executive power in Hungary.^[1] It is led by the Prime Minister, and is composed of various ministers.^[2] It is the principal organ of public administration. The Prime Minister (miniszterelnök) is elected by the National Assembly and serves as the head of government and exercises executive power. The Prime Minister is the leader of the party with the most seats in parliament. The Prime Minister selects Cabinet ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them. Cabinet nominees must appear before consultative open hearings before one or more parliamentary committees, survive a vote in the National Assembly, and be formally approved by the President. The cabinet is responsible to the parliament.

Since the fall of communism, Hungary has a multi-party system. A new Hungarian parliament was elected on 8 April 2018. This parliamentary election was the 8th since the 1990 first multi-party election. The result was a victory for Fidesz–KDNP alliance, preserving its two-thirds majority with Viktor Orbán remaining Prime Minister. It was the second election according to the new Constitution of Hungary which went into force on 1 January 2012. The new electoral law also entered into force that day. The voters elected 199 MPs instead of previous 386 lawmakers.^[3]^[4]

In 2023, there are increasing concerns over the commitment of the Hungarian government towards democratic values. Credible sources, including Freedom House^[5] and the European Parliament,^[6] claim Hungary is no longer a democratic country. Prime Minister Viktor Orban and his leading politicians openly use racist arguments,^[7] making the normalization of right-wing extremism a valid concern in case of Hungary.^[8] Voicing hate speech or discriminatory language against marginalized groups, including but not limited to those based on race, religion, or sexual orientation, especially when presented in a humorous context, is often socially accepted in Hungary.^[9]

List of cabinets since 1989:

Governments of Hungary
			Name of Government	Duration of Government	Prime minister	Parties Involved
			Németh	November 24, 1988 – May 23, 1990	Miklós Németh (MSZP)	MSZP
			Antall	May 23, 1990 – December 12, 1993	József Antall (MDF)	MDF, FKgP, KDNP
			Boross	December 12, 1993 – December 21, 1993	Péter Boross (MDF)	MDF, EKgP, KDNP
December 21, 1993 – July 15, 1994
			Horn	July 15, 1994 – July 6, 1998	Gyula Horn (MSZP)	MSZP, SZDSZ
			Orbán I	July 6, 1998 – May 27, 2002	Viktor Orbán (Fidesz)	Fidesz, FKgP, MDF
			Medgyessy	May 27, 2002 – September 29, 2004	Péter Medgyessy (Ind.)	MSZP, SZDSZ
Gyurcsány I	September 29, 2004 – June 9, 2006	Ferenc Gyurcsány (MSZP)
			Gyurcsány II	June 9, 2006 – April 14, 2009	Ferenc Gyurcsány (MSZP)	MSZP, SZDSZ
		Bajnai	April 14, 2009 – May 29, 2010	Gordon Bajnai (Ind.)	MSZP
			Orbán II	May 29, 2010 – June 6, 2014	Viktor Orbán (Fidesz)	Fidesz, KDNP
			Orbán III	June 6, 2014 – May 18, 2018	Viktor Orbán (Fidesz)	Fidesz, KDNP
			Orbán IV	May 18, 2018 – May 24, 2022	Viktor Orbán (Fidesz)	Fidesz, KDNP
			Orbán V	May 24, 2022 – present	Viktor Orbán (Fidesz)	Fidesz, KDNP
Notes
	Traditional colours
	Hungarian Socialist Party (Magyar Szocialista Párt, MSZP)
	Hungarian Democratic Forum (Magyar Demokrata Fórum, MDF)
	Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (Független Kisgazda-, Földmunkás- és Polgári Párt, FKgP) United Smallholders' Party (Egyesült Történelmi Kisgazda és Polgári Párt, EKgP)
		Christian Democratic People's Party (Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt, KDNP)
	Alliance of Free Democrats (Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége, SZDSZ)
	Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség, Fidesz)

Current government

Following the Hungarian parliamentary election, 2022, the current prime minister, Viktor Orbán is serving with his government since 24 May 2022.

Name	Office	Party	Period
Viktor Orbán	Prime Minister	Fidesz	24.05.2022 -
Zsolt Semjén	Deputy Prime Minister Minister without portfolio for National Politics	KDNP	24.05.2022 -
Gergely Gulyás	Minister of the Prime Minister's Office	Fidesz	24.05.2022 -
Antal Rogán	Minister of the Prime Minister's Cabinet Office	Fidesz	24.05.2022 -
Márton Nagy	Minister for the National Economy	Independent	01.01.2024 -
Péter Szijjártó	Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade	Fidesz	24.05.2022 -
János Lázár	Minister of Transport and Construction	Fidesz	24.05.2022 -
Sándor Pintér	Deputy Prime Minister Minister of Interior	Independent	24.05.2022 -
Mihály Varga	Minister of Finance	Fidesz	24.05.2022 -
Bence Tuzson	Minister of Justice	Fidesz	01.08.2023 -
János Bóka	Minister of EU Affairs	Fidesz	01.08.2023 -
János Csák	Minister of Culture and Innovation	Independent	24.05.2022 -
István Nagy	Minister of Agriculture	Fidesz	18.05.2018 -
Kristóf Szalay-Bobrovniczky	Minister of Defence	Independent	24.05.2022 -
Tibor Navracsics	Minister of Public Administration and Regional Development	Fidesz	01.01.2024 -

Government history, since 1990

Prime ministers

Minister of the Interior

Minister	In office	Party	Cabinet
Balázs Horváth	23.05.1990 - 21.12.1990	MDF	Antall
Péter Boross	21.12.1990 - 21.12.1993	MDF	Antall
Imre Kónya	21.12.1993 - 15.07.1994	MDF	Boross
Gábor Kuncze	15.07.1994 - 06.07.1998	SZDSZ	Horn
Sándor Pintér	06.07.1998 - 27.05.2002	Independent	Orbán I
Mónika Lamperth	27.05.2002 - 09.06.2006	MSZP	Medgyessy, Gyurcsány I

Sándor Pintér	29.05.2010 -	Independent	Orbán II, Orbán III, Orbán IV, Orbán V

Ministry of Local Government (2006-2010)

Minister	In office	Party	Cabinet
Mónika Lamperth	09.06.2006 - 30.06.2007	MSZP	Gyurcsány II
Gordon Bajnai	30.06.2007 - 30.04.2008	Independent
István Gyenesei	30.04.2008 - 14.04.2009	Somogyért
Zoltán Varga	14.04.2009 - 29.05.2010	MSZP	Bajnai

Ministry of Justice and Law Enforcement (2006-2010)

Minister	In office	Party	Cabinet
József Petrétei	09.06.2006 - 31.05.2007	Independent	Gyurcsány II
Albert Takács	01.06.2007 - 17.02.2008	Independent	Gyurcsány II
Tibor Draskovics	18.02.2008 - 14.12.2009	Independent	Gyurcsány II, Bajnai
Imre Forgács	14.12.2009 - 29.05.2010	Independent	Bajnai

Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade

The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország külügyminisztere) is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The current foreign minister is Péter Szijjártó.

Minister	In office	Party	Cabinet
Géza Jeszenszky	23.05.1990 - 15.07.1994	MDF	Antall, Boross
László Kovács	15.07.1994 - 08.07.1998	MSZP	Horn
János Martonyi	08.07.1998 - 27.05.2002	Independent	Orbán I
László Kovács	27.05.2002 - 01.11.2004	MSZP	Medgyessy, Gyurcsány I
Ferenc Somogyi	01.11.2004 - 09.06.2006	Independent	Gyurcsány I
Kinga Göncz	09.06.2006 - 14.04.2009	Independent	Gyurcsány II
Péter Balázs	14.04.2009 - 29.05.2010	Independent	Bajnai
János Martonyi	29.05.2010 - 06.06.2014	Fidesz	Orbán II
Tibor Navracsics	06.06.2014 - 23.09.2014	Fidesz	Orbán III
Péter Szijjártó	23.09.2014 -	Fidesz	Orbán III, Orbán IV, Orbán V

Minister of Finance

The Minister of Finance of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország pénzügyminisztere) is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Finance. The current minister of Finance is Mihály Varga.

	Minister	In office	Party	Cabinet
Minister of Finance
	Ferenc Rabár	23.05.1990 - 19.12.1990	Independent	Antall
	Mihály Kupa	20.12.1990 - 11.02.1993	MDF	Antall
	Iván Szabó	24.02.1993 - 15.07.1994	MDF	Antall, Boross
	László Békesi	15.07.1994 - 28.02.1995	MSZP	Horn
	Lajos Bokros	01.03.1995 - 29.02.1996	MSZP
	Péter Medgyessy	01.03.1996 - 07.07.1998	Independent
	Zsigmond Járai	08.07.1998 - 31.12.2000	Fidesz	Orbán I
	Mihály Varga	01.01.2001 - 27.05.2002	Fidesz	Orbán I
	Csaba László	27.05.2002 - 15.02.2004	MSZP	Medgyessy
	Tibor Draskovics	15.02.2004 - 24.04.2005	Independent	Medgyessy, Gyurcsány I
	János Veres	24.04.2005 - 16.04.2009	MSZP	Gyurcsány I, Gyurcsány II
	Péter Oszkó	16.04.2009 - 29.05.2010	Independent	Bajnai
Minister of Finance
	György Matolcsy	29.05.2010 - 07.03.2013	Fidesz	Orbán II
	Mihály Varga	07.03.2013 -	Fidesz	Orbán II, Orbán III, Orbán IV, Orbán V

References

^ "Website of the Government of Hungary". Government of Hungary. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
^ "Fundamental Law of Hungary (Article 15)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-29. Retrieved 2014-12-08.
^ Az országgyűlési képviselők választásáról szóló 2011. évi CCIII. törvény. In.: Magyar Közlöny. 2011. évi, 165. sz., 41095-41099. p.
^ "Életbe lép az új választójogi törvény". Magyar Nemzet (in Hungarian). 29 December 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
^ Gehrke, Laurenz. "Hungary no longer a democracy, Freedom House says". POLITICO. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
^ "MEPs: Hungary can no longer be considered a full democracy | News | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
^ RFE/RL. "European Parliament Leaders Condemn Orban For 'Openly Racist' Remarks". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
^ "Antisemitic and Racist Statements by Hungarian Political Leaders" (PDF). human rights first. December 2015. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
^ Bekesi, Aron B. (2023). "The Paradox of Anti-Democratic Arguments: aDefense of Democratic Principles in Debates". Science & Philosophy. 11 (2): 94.

External links

Hungarian Government

[1] "Website of the Government of Hungary". Government of Hungary. Retrieved 8 December 2014.

[2] "Fundamental Law of Hungary (Article 15)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-29. Retrieved 2014-12-08.

[3] Az országgyűlési képviselők választásáról szóló 2011. évi CCIII. törvény. In.: Magyar Közlöny. 2011. évi, 165. sz., 41095-41099. p.

[4] "Életbe lép az új választójogi törvény". Magyar Nemzet (in Hungarian). 29 December 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2012.

[5] Gehrke, Laurenz. "Hungary no longer a democracy, Freedom House says". POLITICO. Retrieved 2023-03-17.

[6] "MEPs: Hungary can no longer be considered a full democracy | News | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2023-03-17.

[7] RFE/RL. "European Parliament Leaders Condemn Orban For 'Openly Racist' Remarks". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2023-03-17.

[8] "Antisemitic and Racist Statements by Hungarian Political Leaders" (PDF). human rights first. December 2015. Retrieved 2023-03-17.

[9] Bekesi, Aron B. (2023). "The Paradox of Anti-Democratic Arguments: aDefense of Democratic Principles in Debates". Science & Philosophy. 11 (2): 94.

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v t e Governments of Hungary
Revolution of 1848-49	Batthyány (March-Oct 1848) Committee of National Defense (1848-49) Szemere (May-Aug 1849)
Dualism (1867-1918)	Andrássy (1867-71) Lónyay (1871-72) Szlávy (1872-74) Bittó (1874-75) Wenckheim (March-Oct 1875) Kálmán Tisza (1875-90) Szapáry (1890-92) Wekerle I (1892-95) Bánffy (1895-99) Széll (1899-1903) Khuen-Héderváry I (June-Nov 1903) István Tisza I (1903-05) Fejérváry (1905-06) Wekerle II (1906-10) Khuen-Héderváry II (1910-12) Lukács (1912-13) István Tisza II (1913-17) Esterházy (Jun-Aug 1917) Wekerle III (1917-18)
First Republic (1918-19)	Mihály Károlyi (1918-19) Berinkey (Jan-Mar 1919) Peidl (Aug 1919)
Soviet Republic (1919)	Revolutionary Governing Council (Mar-Aug 1919)
Counter-governments (1919-21)	Arad (May 1919) Szeged I (May-June 1919) Szeged II (June-July 1919) Szeged III (July-August 1919) Rakovszky (Oct 1921)
Interwar period & WW2 (1920-45)	Friedrich I (Aug 1919) Friedrich II (Aug-Nov 1919) Huszár (1919-20) Simonyi-Semadam (Mar-Jul 1920) Teleki I (1920-21) Bethlen (1921-31) Gyula Károlyi (1931-32) Gömbös (1932-36) Darányi (1936-38) Imrédy (1938-39) Teleki II (1939-41) Bárdossy (1941-42) Kállay (1942-44) Sztójay (Mar-Aug 1944) Lakatos (Aug-Oct 1944) Szálasi (1944-45)
Post-WW2 (1945-49)	Provisional National Government (1944-45) Tildy (1945-46) Ferenc Nagy (1946-47) Dinnyés (1947-48)
People's Republic (1949-90)	Dobi (1948-52) Rákosi (1952-53) Imre Nagy I (1953-55) Hegedüs (1955-56) Imre Nagy II (Oct-Nov 1956) Imre Nagy III (Nov 1956) Kádár I (1956-58) Münnich (1958-61) Kádár II (1961-65) Kállai (1965-67) Fock (1967-75) Lázár (1975-87) Grósz (1987-88) Németh (1988-90)
Third Republic (since 1990)	Antall (1990-93) Boross (1993-94) Horn (1994-98) Orbán I (1998-2002) Medgyessy (2002-04) Gyurcsány I (2004-06) Gyurcsány II (2006-09) Bajnai (2009-10) Orbán II (2010-14) Orbán III (2014-18) Orbán IV (2018-22) Orbán V (since 2022)

v t e Governments of Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
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Other entities	European Union