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Douglas Schemske

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Douglas Schemske is an evolutionary ecologist who made major contributions to research on pollination,[1] the latitudinal gradient in species diversity,[2] the evolution of polyploidy,[3] and plant mating systems.[4]

Career

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Doug Schemske received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1977 [5] and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. He held academic positions at Amherst College, the University of Chicago and the University of Washington, prior to joining Michigan State University in 2001, where he worked for the rest of his career.[6] He was elected vice president of the American Society of Naturalists in 2009.[7]

Research

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Mimulus lewisii

Schemske's research investigated the ecological factors that contribute to adaptation and speciation, and the genetic architecture of adaptive traits.[5] He used plants as model study systems, and conducted creative and sometimes long term experiments to test evolutionary theory. Schemske's work on the plant genus Mimulus is particularly well known. With long-term collaborator Tony Bradshaw, he bred two Mimulus species together to create a wide array of flower shapes and colours, and was able to show that evolutionary transitions from bee pollination to hummingbird pollination could happen via a small number of genetic changes.[1][8]

Later in his career Schemske became interested in the ecological and evolutionary processes that create the dramatic increase in diversity from the poles to equator, known as the latitudinal diversity gradient. With Gary Mittlebach and other collaborators, Schemske wrote influential reviews of these processes that inspired extensive research.[2][9] In particular, he drew attention to the potential role of biotic interactions in driving evolutionary diversification in the tropics.[9][10]

With then-PhD student Amy Angert, Schemske used reciprocal transplant experiments and experimental evolution to study the processes that limit species' geographic ranges, again using Mimulus.[11]

Awards and honours

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In 1986, less than 10 years after his PhD, Schemske won the Mercer Award from the Ecological Society of America,[12] for "an outstanding ecological research paper published within the past two years by a younger researcher" for his 1984 paper[13] on population structure in an annual plant. In 2002 he received the Distinguished Naturalist Award (then known as the E. O. Wilson Naturalist Award) from the American Society of Naturalists.[14] The award citation says[15]

"He not only dwells on the beautiful and enlightening details of living organisms, but he crafts these details into important and broad conceptual insights that inform many natural systems. He won the It is this deep understanding of natural history that makes Douglas Schemke's work so remarkable".

In 2003 he was elected to the US American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[16] Schemske was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in May 2017 in honour of his distinguished research achievements in population biology and evolutionary ecology.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b Schemske, Douglas W.; Bradshaw, H. D. (1999-10-12). "Pollinator preference and the evolution of floral traits in monkeyflowers ( Mimulus )". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (21): 11910–11915. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9611910S. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.21.11910. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 18386. PMID 10518550.
  2. ^ a b Mittelbach, Gary G.; Schemske, Douglas W.; Cornell, Howard V.; Allen, Andrew P.; Brown, Jonathan M.; Bush, Mark B.; Harrison, Susan P.; Hurlbert, Allen H.; Knowlton, Nancy; Lessios, Harilaos A.; McCain, Christy M.; McCune, Amy R.; McDade, Lucinda A.; McPeek, Mark A.; Near, Thomas J. (April 2007). "Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient: speciation, extinction and biogeography". Ecology Letters. 10 (4): 315–331. Bibcode:2007EcolL..10..315M. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01020.x. ISSN 1461-023X. PMID 17355570.
  3. ^ Ramsey, Justin; Schemske, Douglas W. (November 1998). "Pathways, Mechanisms, and Rates of Polyploid Formation in Flowering Plants". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 29 (1): 467–501. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.467. ISSN 0066-4162.
  4. ^ Lande, Russell; Schemske, Douglas W. (January 1985). "THE EVOLUTION OF SELF‐FERTILIZATION AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN PLANTS. I. GENETIC MODELS". Evolution. 39 (1): 24–40. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb04077.x. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 28563655. S2CID 10832452.
  5. ^ a b c "Douglas W. Schemske". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  6. ^ "Douglas W. Schemske | Honored Faculty | Michigan State University". msu.edu. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  7. ^ "Past Officers of the ASN". www.amnat.org. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  8. ^ Bradshaw, H. D.; Schemske, Douglas W. (November 2003). "Allele substitution at a flower colour locus produces a pollinator shift in monkeyflowers". Nature. 426 (6963): 176–178. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..176B. doi:10.1038/nature02106. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 14614505. S2CID 4350778.
  9. ^ a b Schemske, Douglas W.; Mittelbach, Gary G.; Cornell, Howard V.; Sobel, James M.; Roy, Kaustuv (2009-12-01). "Is There a Latitudinal Gradient in the Importance of Biotic Interactions?". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 40 (1): 245–269. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173430. ISSN 1543-592X.
  10. ^ Schemske, Douglas W. (2009). "Biotic interactions and speciation in the tropics." Speciation and patterns of diversity. pp. 219–239.
  11. ^ Angert, A. L.; Schemske, D. W. (August 2005). "THE EVOLUTION OF SPECIES' DISTRIBUTIONS: RECIPROCAL TRANSPLANTS ACROSS THE ELEVATION RANGES OF MIMULUS CARDINALIS AND M. LEWISII". Evolution. 59 (8): 1671–1684. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01817.x. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 16329239. S2CID 24554218.
  12. ^ "George Mercer Award – Historical Records Committee | Ecological Society of America". Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  13. ^ Schemske, Douglas W. (1984). "Population Structure and Local Selection in Impatiens pallida (Balsaminaceae), A Selfing Annual". Evolution. 38 (4): 817–832. doi:10.2307/2408393. ISSN 0014-3820. JSTOR 2408393. PMID 28555822.
  14. ^ "Awards". www.amnat.org. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  15. ^ "Announcements". The American Naturalist. 160 (6): iii–vii. December 2002. doi:10.1086/345393. ISSN 0003-0147.
  16. ^ "Douglas W. Schemske". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2023-09-13. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
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