Testacella

Testacella; Temporal range: Lutetian-Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Shelled Slug, Testacella haliotidea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Order:	Stylommatophora
Family:	Testacellidae; J. E. Gray, 1840
Genus:	Testacella; Draparnaud, 1801
Type species
	Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801;
Synonyms
	Testacella (Testacella) Lamarck, 1801 · alternate representation; Testacella (Testacelloides) A. J. Wagner, 1914 · alternate representation; Testacellus Montfort, 1810;

Testacella is genus of small to medium-large, predatory, air-breathing, land slugs.^[4]

They are terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Testacellidae, the shelled slugs. They are not often seen because they live underground.

Testacella is the only genus in the family, in other words it is a monotypic family. Testacella is the type genus of the family Testacellidae.^[5]

Distribution

Species within this genus of slugs live in north Africa, southern and western Europe, and Britain.^[1]

Species

Species within the genus Testacella include:

Subgenus Testacella Draparnaud, 1801
Subgenus Testacelloides A. J. Wagner, 1914^[6]^[7]
† Testacella asinium Serres, 1827
Testacella bisulcata Risso, 1826^[8]
Testacella bracciai Nardi & Bodon, 2011
† Testacella bruntoniana Serres, 1851
† Testacella deshayesii Michaud, 1855
Testacella fischeriana Bourguignat, 1862
Testacella gestroi Issel, 1873^[8]
Testacella haliotidea Lamarck, 1801 - the shelled slug, the type species of the genus^[8]
† Testacella lartetii Dupuy, 1850
Testacella maugei Férussac, 1819^[8]
† Testacella pedemontana Sacco, 1886
† Testacella pontileviensis de Morgan, 1920
† Testacella puisseguri Schlickum, 1967
Testacella riedeli Giusti, Manganelli & Schembri, 1995^[8]
† Testacella sandbergeri Wenz, 1914
† Testacella schuetti Schlickum, 1967
Testacella scutulum Sowerby I, 1821^[8]
† Testacella zellii Klein, 1853

Nomen dubium

Testacella antillarum Grateloup, 1855

Synonyms

Testacella anomala Torres Minquez, 1924: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella barcinonensis Pollonera, 1888: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella catalonica Pollonera, 1888: synonym of Testacella scutulum G. B. Sowerby I, 1821 (original name)
Testacella dikrangensis Godwin-Austen, 1876: synonym of Girasia dikrangensis (Godwin-Austen, 1876) (original combination)
Testacella dubia Pollonera, 1888: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella esserana Fagot, 1892: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella europaea de Roissy, 1805: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella galliae Oken, 1816: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella guadeloupensis Lesson, 1838: synonym of Omalonyx unguis (d'Orbigny, 1836) (junior synonym)
† Testacella larteti Dupuy, 1850 : synonym of † Testacella lartetii Dupuy, 1850 (incorrect subsequent spelling)
Testacella matheronii Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of Omalonyx unguis (d'Orbigny, 1836) (junior synonym)
Testacella subtrigona Pollonera, 1888: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801(original name)
Testacella vagans F. W. Hutton, 1882: synonym of Testacella maugei Férussac, 1819

Description

These slugs have a very small, ear-shaped shell, which is situated far back on their bodies.

In the family Testacellidae, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 31 and 35 (according to the values in this table).^[9]

Habitat

These slugs are rarely observed, but they tend to live in gardens and farms where there is rich soil and a lot of earthworms.

Life habits

These slugs live underground and hunt earthworms. They are usually only seen when they are forced up to the surface because the soil has become completely saturated with rain.

Drawing from 1896 showing the three species of *Testacella* found in Great Britain
1 - *Testacella haliotidea*
2 - *Testacella scutulum*
3 - *Testacella maugei*

References

^ ^a ^b "Family summary for Testacellidae". AnimalBase, last modified 8 August 2010, accessed 28 June 2011.
^ Draparnaud J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. 116 pp. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson). page 33, 99.
^ Gray J. E. (1840). [A new edition of] A manual of the land and fresh-water shells of the British Isles by W. Turton. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London. ix + 324 pp., 12 plates. page 109.
^ MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Testacella Lamarck, 1801. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818595 on 2022-09-13
^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
^ Wagner A. J. (1914). Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 51: 335.
^ "Testacelloides A.J. Wagner, 1914". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 28 June 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Species in genus Testacella" (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 19 January 2011.
^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

External links

[AB_Testacellidae-1] "Family summary for Testacellidae". AnimalBase, last modified 8 August 2010, accessed 28 June 2011.

[2] Draparnaud J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. 116 pp. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson). page 33, 99.

[3] Gray J. E. (1840). [A new edition of] A manual of the land and fresh-water shells of the British Isles by W. Turton. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London. ix + 324 pp., 12 plates. page 109.

[WoRMS-4] MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Testacella Lamarck, 1801. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818595 on 2022-09-13

[5] Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.

[6] Wagner A. J. (1914). Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 51: 335.

[7] "Testacelloides A.J. Wagner, 1914". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 28 June 2011.

[AB_list-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Species in genus Testacella" (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 19 January 2011.

[Barker-9] Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

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