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U.S. Route 1/9

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(Redirected from Tonnele Avenue)
Not to be confused with U.S. Route 19 or U.S. Route 119.

U.S. Route 1-9 marker

U.S. Route 1/9

Map
US 1/9 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NJDOT, PANYNJ, and NYSDOT
Length31.0 mi[1][2] (49.9 km)
Existed1926–present
Component
highways
RestrictionsNo trucks on the Pulaski Skyway
Major junctions
South end US 1 / US 9 in Woodbridge
Major intersections
North end I-95 / US 1 / US 9 / NY 9A / Henry Hudson Parkway in Manhattan, New York
Location
CountryUnited States
StatesNew Jersey, New York
CountiesNJ: Middlesex, Union, Essex, Hudson, Bergen
NY: New York
Highway system
← I-895US 1→ Route 1
← Route 8US 9→ Route 9

U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9 or US 1-9) is the 31.0-mile (49.9 km) long concurrency of US 1 and US 9 from their junction in Woodbridge in Middlesex County, New Jersey, north to New York City. The route is a multilane road with some freeway portions that runs through urbanized areas of North Jersey adjacent to New York City. Throughout most of its length in New Jersey, the road runs near the New Jersey Turnpike (I-95). In Fort Lee, US 1/9 merges onto I-95 and crosses the Hudson River on the George Washington Bridge, where the two U.S. Routes split a short distance into New York. US 1/9 intersects several major roads, including I-278 in Linden, Route 81 in Elizabeth, I-78 and US 22 in Newark, Route 139 in Jersey City, Route 3 and Route 495 in North Bergen, and US 46 in Palisades Park. US 1/9 also serves as the primary access point to Newark Airport. Between Newark and Jersey City, US 1/9 runs along the Pulaski Skyway. Trucks are banned from this section of road and must use Truck US 1/9. The concurrency between US 1 and US 9 is commonly referred to as "1 and 9".[3][4] Some signage for the concurrency, as well as the truck route, combines the two roads into one shield, separated by a hyphen (1-9) or an ampersand (1&9).[5][6]

The current alignment of US 1/9 south of Elizabeth was planned as Route 1 in 1916; this road was extended to the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City in 1922. When the U.S. Highway System was created in 1926, US 1 and US 9 were marked concurrent through northern New Jersey between Rahway on the current alignments of Route 27 and Truck US 1/9. In 1927, Route 1 became Route 25, and Route 1 and Route 6 were legislated along the current US 1/9 north of Jersey City. US 1/9 originally went to the Holland Tunnel on Route 25; after the George Washington Bridge opened, the two routes were realigned to their current routing north of Jersey City. After the Pulaski Skyway opened in 1932, US 1/9 and Route 25 were routed to use this road, which soon had a truck ban resulting in the creation of Route 25T (now US 1/9 Truck). South of Newark, US 1/9 was moved from Route 27 to Route 25. In 1953, the state highways running concurrent with US 1/9 in New Jersey were removed. In 1964, the approaches to the George Washington Bridge were upgraded into I-95.

Route description

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Time-lapse video of a trip on US 1/9 on a rainy day

Middlesex and Union counties

[edit]
View north along US 1/9 at Route 35 in Woodbridge Township

US 1 and US 9 begin their concurrency at a directional interchange in Woodbridge, Middlesex County.[1] US 1 comes from the southwest, where it serves the state capital of Trenton, along with New Brunswick and Edison; while US 9 comes from the south, where it serves the Jersey Shore region, along with the suburban communities of Freehold Township and Old Bridge; a short distance to the north of an interchange with the New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) and the Garden State Parkway.[7][8] The combined US 1/9 runs northeast through business areas as a six-lane divided highway, coming to a partial cloverleaf interchange with Route 35 a short distance after the merge. From this interchange, the road continues as a surface road with some jughandles, passing over NJ Transit's North Jersey Coast Line.[1][9]

A short distance later, US 1/9 crosses into Rahway, Union County, where the road crosses the Rahway River before interchanging with Lawrence Street (CR 514) in the southbound direction.[1] The highway turns more northeast, becoming known as Edgar Road in Linden. In Linden, US 1/9 passes through a mix of industrial and business areas, crossing under Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Linden Industrial Track line before passing between Linden Airport and the former Linden Assembly plant used by General Motors to the west. Following the intersection with South Stiles Street (CR 615), the road enters more urbanized areas of homes and businesses. After passing near a couple of cemeteries, the highway runs to the west of Bayway Refinery before passing under a Staten Island Railway freight line that is used by Conrail Shared Assets Operations.[1][9] After this bridge, US 1/9 meets the western terminus of I-278 at a partial interchange with a northbound exit and southbound entrance from US 1/9.[1] Past this interchange, US 1/9 continues into Elizabeth, where it intersects with South Elmora Avenue/Bayway (Route 439) at the Bayway Circle, which has been modified to allow US 1/9 to run straight through. At this point, US 1/9 splits from Edgar Road.[1][9] From the Bayway Circle, the road turns more to the east before making a sharp turn to the north-northeast and crossing the Elizabeth River on a skyway, which ends at the intersection with East Jersey Street. The road continues north through urban neighborhoods as Spring Street, passing under Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Elizabeth Industrial Track line. The highway reaches an intersection with North Avenue, at which point US 1/9 turns into a freeway with a local–express lane configuration, carrying two local lanes and two express lanes in each direction for a total of eight lanes.[1] The freeway comes to an interchange with the northern terminus of Route 81, and it continues around the west side of Newark Airport.[1][9]

View north along US 1/9 (Spring Street) at Route 81 in Elizabeth

Essex and Hudson counties

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US 1/9 northbound at the beginning of US 1/9 Truck in Newark, with sign noting "No Trucks" on the approach to the Pulaski Skyway

US 1/9 continues into Newark, Essex County, with several ramps providing access to the airport as well as to McClellan Street and Haynes Avenue; the freeway also passes under the AirTrain Newark monorail line. At the north end of the airport property, the road reaches the large Newark Airport Interchange, where it has connections to I-78, US 22 westbound, and Route 21 northbound. Within this interchange, US 1/9 first has ramps to I-78, US 22, and Route 21 before turning east to parallel I-78 briefly prior to having more connections to I-78 as well as to Port Newark.[1][9] Past the crossing of I-78, US 1/9 continues north, with the lanes splitting as it passes over the Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Greenville Running Track, Lehigh Line, and Newark and Passaic Industrial Track at Oak Island Yard before coming to a northbound exit and southbound entrance with Delancy and South streets.[1] The freeway continues through industrial areas as it comes to a southbound exit and northbound entrance for Wilson Avenue.[1][9] Following this interchange, the directions of US 1/9 rejoin as the freeway continues northeast, with Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Passaic and Harsimus Line running closely parallel to the northwest of the road.[1] Along this stretch, the roadway comes to a bridge over Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Newark and New York Industrial Track and Manufacturers Industrial Track lines. The local–express lane configuration of US 1/9 ends at an interchange with Truck US 1/9 and Raymond Boulevard that provides access to the New Jersey Turnpike (I-95). At this point, US 1/9 becomes the four-lane divided Pulaski Skyway.[1][9] Trucks are banned from using the Pulaski Skyway and have to use Truck US 1/9 to bypass it.[10]

US 1/9 northbound in North Bergen

The Pulaski Skyway carries US 1/9 between Newark and Jersey City. The skyway crosses the Passaic River into Kearny, Hudson County, where it passes over industrial areas and a Conrail Shared Assets Operations railroad spur, and the Hackensack River into Jersey City.[1][9] In Jersey City, the skyway passes over PATH's Newark–World Trade Center line and Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Northern Branch line before heading over Truck US 1/9 and the Northern Branch line again. At the east end of the Pulaski Skyway, US 1/9 reaches the Tonnele Circle, where it intersects with the northern terminus of Truck US 1/9 as well as the western terminus of Route 139. Here, US 1/9 head north on four-lane divided surface road called Tonnele Avenue,[1] named for local landowner and politician John Tonnelé.[11] The road passes over NJ Transit's Morris & Essex Lines and then Conrail Shared Assets Operations' National Docks Secondary line before running through urban areas.[1][9] It turns more to the north-northeast before reaching an interchange with Secaucus Road (CR 678). At this point, US 1/9 crosses into North Bergen.[1] In this area, the road crosses over Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and coming to a channelized intersection with the eastern terminus of Route 3 that also provides access to eastbound Route 495.[1][9] A short distance later, US 1/9 becomes a four-lane undivided road and reaches a partial interchange with Route 495; the only direct connection available is a ramp from westbound Route 495 to southbound US 1/9. After this, the road comes to a diamond interchange with Union Turnpike (CR 676) and Paterson Plank Road (CR 681).[1] From this point, US 1/9 continues north-northeast, crossing NJ Transit's Hudson–Bergen Light Rail near the line's northern terminus at the Tonnelle Avenue Station.[1][9] Past this station, the road runs to the east of the North Bergen Yard and is still lined with businesses.[9]

Bergen County

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US 1/9 southbound and US 46 westbound at Route 63 interchange in Fort Lee

US 1/9 continues into Fairview, Bergen County, where the name changes to Broad Avenue. Shortly after entering Fairview, the route passes over the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway's Edgewater Branch line, where it is briefly a divided highway.[1] Turning north, the road passes more suburban areas before continuing into Ridgefield. In Ridgefield, US 1/9 becomes a divided highway prior to intersecting with southern terminus of Route 93. The median ends after this intersection, and the road turns northeast into mostly residential neighborhoods with a few businesses, intersecting with the western terminus of Route 5.[1][9] Past Route 5, US 1/9 continues into Palisades Park, in a mile-long (1.6 km) district known as Koreantown. It soon reaches an interchange with US 46.[1]

At this point, US 1/9 turns east off Broad Avenue to merge onto US 46, which is a four-lane freeway.[1] This freeway makes a sharp turn to the north-northeast and has partial interchanges at both ends of the 5th and 6th streets frontage roads, which parallel the freeway through residential areas and provide access to East Central Boulevard (CR 501). US 1/9/US 46 continue into Fort Lee, where it has access to a couple commercial areas before encountering the northern terminus of Route 63 at a westbound exit and eastbound entrance. From here, the highway becomes a surface road that continues past more businesses and homes, angling northeast as it comes to an exit for Main Street (CR 56).[1][9] Immediately past this point, the road turns east and encounters a complex interchange with I-95, the eastern terminus of Route 4, and the southern terminus of US 9W.[1] Here, US 1/9/US 46 all join I-95 and continue to the southeast along a multilane freeway with local–express lane configuration consisting of four local lanes and four express lanes in each direction, passing numerous highrise buildings as it heads east to the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River.[9][12]

New York City

[edit]

At the New Jersey–New York state line on the bridge, US 46 ends and I-95 and US 1/9 continue into the borough of Manhattan in New York City.[9][12] After an interchange with the Henry Hudson Parkway (NY 9A), the US 1/9 concurrency ends, and US 9 leaves the expressway at an interchange with Broadway at the George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Washington Heights.[9] At that interchange, US 9 turns north on Broadway, while I-95/US 1 continues east into The Bronx.[2][9]

Alternative signage methods for the concurrency:
Left: Separate shields
Upper right: Combined using an ampersand, mostly phased out
Lower right: Combined using a dash, mostly new signage

History

[edit]

What is now the US 1/9 concurrency between Woodbridge and Elizabeth was first legislated as the northernmost part of Route 1 in 1916, a route that was to continue south to Trenton. In 1922, an extension of Route 1 was legislated to continue north from Elizabeth to the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City.[13][14] This extension was planned to be the first superhighway in the U.S., with much of it opening in 1928.[15] As a result of the creation of the U.S. Highway System in 1926, US 1 and US 9 were designated through northern New Jersey, sharing a concurrency from the current intersection of Route 27 and Route 35 in Rahway and continuing north on present-day Route 27 (then a part of Route 1) to Newark, then turning east, eventually following what is now Truck US 1/9 toward Jersey City, where US 1 was to head for the Holland Tunnel and US 9 was to turn north to run near the west bank of the Hudson River.[16][17][18] A year later, in the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 1 between New Brunswick and Elizabeth became part of Route 27 while the Route 1 extension became part of Route 25. In addition, the current alignment of US 1/9 between the Tonnele Circle and Fort Lee, which at the time was a part of US 9, became part of Route 1 while the approach to the George Washington Bridge became a part of Route 6.[19][20]

A grayscale photo of a four lane undivided road on a bridge
1941 photo of the Pulaski Skyway

In 1932, the Pulaski Skyway was opened to traffic, and US 1/9 were designated to use it along with Route 25.[21] Two years later, trucks were banned from the Pulaski Skyway, and a truck bypass of the structure called Route 25T was created.[22][23] By the 1930s, US 1/9 was moved to follow Route 25 south to Woodbridge instead of Route 27.[24] By the 1940s, the US 1/9 alignment was moved to its current location north the Tonnele Circle, following Route 1 and Route 6 to the George Washington Bridge into New York City. In the vicinity of the George Washington Bridge, the route also ran concurrent with US 46.[21] In addition, US 9 was built to connect to US 1 in Woodbridge on its current alignment (then designated Route 35) instead of using Route 4 (the current Route 35).[25][26]

In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, the state highways running concurrent with US 1/9 were removed, while Route 25T became Truck US 1/9 and Route 25 between the Tonnele Circle and the Holland Tunnel became US 1/9 Business (now Route 139).[27][28] In 1964, the US 1/9 approaches to the George Washington Bridge, which were shared with US 46 on the New Jersey side, were rebuilt into a freeway that became a part of I-95.[29] Between February 2006 and November 2008, the cloverleaf interchange with Route 35 in Woodbridge, which was the first cloverleaf interchange in the U.S. built in 1929 when this portion of US 1/9 was a part of Route 25, was replaced with a partial cloverleaf interchange, costing $34 million (equivalent to $47.3 million in 2023[30]).[31][32][33]

In 2013, Route 1/9 was one of two main thoroughfares in Hudson County (the other being Kennedy Boulevard) that were listed among the Tri-State Transportation Campaign's list of the top 10 most dangerous roads for pedestrians in New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut. Route 1/9, which tied for the #10 place on the list, was cited for the five pedestrian fatalities that occurred on it from 2009 to 2011.[34]

Major intersections

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Mileposts in New Jersey follow the consecutive mileposts from US 1.[1]

StateCountyLocationmi
[1][2][12]		kmExitDestinationsNotes
New JerseyMiddlesexWoodbridge Township35.857.6
 US 1 south – Trenton

 US 9 south – Shore Points		Interchange; US 1-9 south splits into US 1 and US 9
36.458.6 Route 35 – The Amboys, RahwayInterchange
37.760.7S Inman Ave/Rodgers StInterchange
UnionRahway38.862.4 CR 514 – Rahway, WoodbridgeInterchange; southbound exit and entrance
Linden42.368.1


 I-278 east to I-95 / N.J. Turnpike – Goethals Bridge, Staten Island		Northbound exit and southbound entrance; interchange; western terminus of I-278
Elizabeth43.169.4 Route 439 (Bayway/South Elmora Ave) – Roselle, Plainfield, Staten Isl., Goethals Br.Bayway Circle
43.870.5Pearl StEntrances only; former CR 614; interchange
44.171.0Elizabeth AveSouthbound exit and northbound entrance; interchange
44.671.8Magnolia AveInterchange via connector roads
45.372.9 US 1-9 (Express Lanes)Southbound entrance only; interchange; southern end of the Express Lanes
45.473.1

 North Ave east to I-95 / N.J. Turnpike		Northbound access only

 US 1-9 north (Express Lanes) – New York City		Northbound exit only; interchange
Southern end of the freeway section
— North Avenue westSouthbound exit only; access to NJ Transit North Elizabeth station
45.773.5—

 To I-95 / N.J. Turnpike / Dowd Ave / North Ave – Elizabeth Seaport		No northbound exit; access via Route 81
46.074.0—Newark Liberty International AirportNorthbound exit only; Newark Airport Interchange
EssexNewark46.274.4—McClellan St
Northern end of the freeway section

 US 1-9 south (Express Lanes)		Southbound exit only; interchange
46.775.2 I-78 / I-95 / N.J. Turnpike
Haynes Ave (U-TURN)		No southbound exit; Newark Airport Interchange; Exit 58A (I-78)
WEIGH STATIONSouthbound exit and entrance only; interchange
47.175.8Newark Liberty International AirportSouthbound exit and entrance for the Express Lanes only; Newark Airport Interchange
No northbound exit; Newark Airport Interchange
47.376.1

 US 1-9 north to I-78 – North Area, South Area, Port Newark		No northbound exit; interchange
47.676.6Southern end of the freeway section
47.6–
47.8		76.6–
76.9		—
 US 22 west – Union, Hillside

 Route 21 north – Newark, Downtown		Newark Airport Interchange; eastern terminus of US 22; southern terminus of Route 21
— US 22 / Route 21 – Newark, DowntownNorthbound exit and entrance for the Express Lanes only
47.977.1— I-78 / I-95 / N.J. Turnpike – Holland Tunnel, ClintonNorthbound exit and southbound entrance; Newark Airport Interchange; Exit 58 (I-78)
—
 US 1-9 south (Express Lanes) – Main Terminals		Southbound exit only
—


 Executive Dr to I-78 / I-95 / N.J. Turnpike		Southbound exit and entrance
— Port Newark, North Area, South Area, Economy ParkingNewark Airport Interchange; southbound access via the exit for I-78 west
48.6–
48.9		78.2–
78.7		—
 I-78 / I-95 / N.J. Turnpike to G.S. Parkway – Port Newark, North Area, Air Cargo		No northbound access to I-78 west; Exit 58B (I-78); Newark Airport Interchange
49.179.0—Frontage RdNorthbound exit and entrance
— US 1-9 (Express Lanes)Northbound entrance only
49.479.5—South StSouthbound entrance only
49.579.7—Delancy St – NewarkNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
49.980.3—Wilson Ave – NewarkSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
50.781.6—Roanoke AveNorthbound entrance only
51.482.7— I-95 / N.J. Turnpike


 US 1-9 Truck north – Jersey City		Northbound exit and southbound entrance; all trucks must exit; southern terminus of Truck US 1-9
—
 US 1-9 south (Express Lanes) – Newark Airport, Elizabeth		Northern end of the Express Lanes
51.482.7—Raymond Blvd – NewarkSouthbound exit and southbound entrance
Passaic River51.883.4Pulaski Skyway
HudsonKearny52.384.2—South KearnySouthbound exit and northbound entrance; access via Adams Street
Hackensack River53.085.3Pulaski Skyway
Jersey City54.086.9—BroadwayNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
54.687.9—



 US 1-9 Truck south to Route 7 west

 Route 139 east – Hoboken, Holland Tunnel
Tonnele Ave – Jersey City		No northbound access to Truck US 1-9; all trucks must exit; northern terminus of Truck US 1-9; western terminus of Route 139; Tonnele Circle
Northern end of the freeway section
56.290.4Secaucus Rd – Jersey City (U-TURN)Interchange; access via CR 678
North Bergen57.292.1



 Route 3 west / Route 495 east to I-95 / N.J. Turnpike – Clifton, Lincoln Tunnel		No northbound entrance; eastern terminus of Route 3
57.792.9Paterson Plank Road / West Side Ave / Union TpkeInterchange; access via CR 681 / CR 676
BergenRidgefield62.199.9
 Route 93 north (Grand Ave)		Southern terminus of Route 93
62.5100.6
 Route 5 east		Western terminus of Route 5
Palisades Park62.8101.1Southern end of the freeway section
—


 US 46 west to I-95 / N.J. Turnpike		Southern end of the concurrency with US 46
63.5102.2—Sixth St. – Palisades Park
Fifth St. – Palisades Park		Northbound signage
Southbound signage
Northern end of the freeway section
Fort Lee63.9102.8
 Route 63 south		Southbound exit and northbound entrance; northern terminus of Route 63; interchange
64.4103.6Main St – Fort Lee, LeoniaInterchange; access via CR 56
64.8104.3Southern end of the freeway section
64.8–
65.3		104.3–
105.1		 US 9W / Palisades Parkway – Fort LeeNorthbound exit and southbound entrance; Route 4 not signed; exit number not signed





 I-95 south / N.J. Turnpike south to Route 4 / I-80 / G.S. Parkway – Hackensack, Paterson		Southbound exit and northbound entrance; southern end of the concurrency with I-95; eastern terminus of Route 4; exit number not signed
65.4105.373
 Route 67 (Lemoine Ave) to Palisades Parkway – Fort Lee
Route 67 / US 9W – Fort Lee		Signed for US 9W southbound, Lemoine Avenue/Palisades Parkway northbound; last eastbound exit before the toll; northbound signage
southbound signage
65.6105.674 Palisades ParkwaySouthbound exit and northbound entrance from the express lanes; southern terminus of Palisades Parkway
Hudson River66.0
0.0		106.2
0.0		George Washington Bridge (northbound toll)

 US 46 ends
New YorkNew YorkNew York0.50.80—


 I-95 north / US 1 north / US 9 north / NY 9A / Henry Hudson Parkway / W 178 St		US 1-9 north splits into US 1 and US 9
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "US 1 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "Traffic Volume Report for New York County" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. 2003. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
  3. ^ "Route 1 and 9 Merge". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
  4. ^ Meagher, Thomas (August 10, 2009). "Linden crash on Routes 1 and 9 injures driver, causes traffic delays". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
  5. ^ Signage for US 1/9, NJ 21, US 22, and I-78 in Newark. Retrieved on December 5, 2009.
  6. ^ Signage for US 1/9 Truck along NJ 7. Retrieved on December 5, 2009.
  7. ^ Makin, Bob (December 19, 2019). "Route 1 corridor in Central Jersey booms with development". My Central Jersey. Gannett. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  8. ^ Loyer, Susan (January 31, 2022). "NJ Transit, Old Bridge could benefit from Route 9 development study over 21-mile stretch". My Central Jersey. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Google (December 5, 2009). "overview of U.S. Route 1/9" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
  10. ^ "Traffic Regulations: Route 1 and 9, The Pulaski Skyway". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
  11. ^ Miller, Jonathon (July 18, 2004). "ROAD AND RAIL; Lipstick On a Pig". New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  12. ^ a b c "Interstate 95 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
  13. ^ 1916 Annual Report (Report). New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1916.
  14. ^ State of New Jersey, Laws of 1922, Chapter 253.
  15. ^ "Jersey's Super Road to Be Opened Today" (Fee required). The New York Times. December 16, 1928. p. XX12.
  16. ^ Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  17. ^ Map of New Jersey (south) (Map). Tydol Trails. 1927. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved March 30, 2009.
  18. ^ Map of New Jersey (north) (Map). Tydol Trails. 1927. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
  19. ^ State of New Jersey, Laws of 1927, Chapter 319.
  20. ^ 1927 New Jersey Road Map (Map). State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on October 1, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  21. ^ a b Rand McNally Road Atlas (Map). Rand McNally. 1946. p. 42. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
  22. ^ "Skyway Truck Ban Approved by State" (Fee required). The New York Times. January 24, 1932. p. 19.
  23. ^ "Jersey Renumbered". The New York Times. December 28, 1952. p. X15.
  24. ^ Map of Pennsylvania and New Jersey (Map). Mid-West Map Co. 1937. Retrieved March 29, 2009.
  25. ^ Map of Pennsylvania and New Jersey (Map). Cartography by H.M. Gousha. Mid-West Map Co. 1941. Retrieved March 29, 2009.
  26. ^ Newark, New Jersey 1:250,000 quadrangle (Map). United States Geological Survey. 1947. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
  27. ^ 1953 renumbering, New Jersey Department of Highways, archived from the original on June 28, 2011, retrieved July 31, 2009
  28. ^ "New Road Signs Ready in New Jersey". The New York Times. December 16, 1952. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  29. ^ Arterial Progress 1959-1965. Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. 1965.
  30. ^ Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  31. ^ "Routes 1&9-35 Interchange Improvements, Project Description, Construction Updates, Commuter Information". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 21, 2008.
  32. ^ "The Cloverleaf Interchange". WhereRoadsMeet. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved December 21, 2008.
  33. ^ MartÃn, Hugo (April 7, 2004). "A Major Lane Change". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 21, 2008.
  34. ^ Zeitlinger, Ron; Machcinski, Anthony J. (March 1, 2013). "6th and 10th Most Fatalities". The Jersey Journal. p. 5.
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