Terrorism in Greece
Multiple terrorist attacks have occurred in Greece.
Banned terrorist organizations
[edit]Nihilist Faction
[edit]The Nihilist Faction (Greek: Φράξια Μηδενιστών, romanized: Fraxia Midheniston) was a nihilist anarchist organization in Greece, which claimed responsibility for a 28 May 1996 bombing of IBM offices in Athens. The attack caused extensive structural damage but no injuries.[1] The group was responsible for other attacks, primarily arson and fire bombing. The group was founded c. 1996.[2]
Revolutionary People's Struggle
[edit]Revolutionary People's Struggle (Greek: Επαναστατικός Λαϊκός Αγώνας (ΕΛΑ), romanized: Epanastatikos Laikos Agonas (ELA)) was a far-left urban guerilla organization that operated between 1975 and 1995 before its members announcing its disbandment. It was the largest terrorist organization by number of group members in Greece.[3]
Revolutionary Organization 17 November
[edit]N17 was a Greek far-left Marxist–Leninist urban guerrilla organization formed in 1975. The Greek government arrested many members of the 17 November organization in the summer of 2002. In 2003 15 members were found guilty of multiple murders and convicted for more than 2,500 crimes.[4]
Revolutionary Struggle
[edit]The Revolutionary Struggle is a far-left Greek paramilitary group known for its attacks on Greek government buildings. It is widely described as a terrorist organization by both the Greek government and the media.[5][6][7]
Revolutionary Nuclei
[edit]Revolutionary Nuclei (RN) was, anti-U.S., anti-NATO, and anti-European Union urban guerrilla organization that conducted 13 bomb attacks in Athens between 1996 and 2000. The first attack for which RN took credit was a bomb attack on Greek Coast Guard installations in Piraeus on 11 May 1997, but it later acknowledged that two earlier attacks were carried out by RN members. Per its four proclamations, RN fought against the "imperialist domination, exploitation, and oppression" of Greece.[8]
On 27 April 1999 an RN bomb targeting a conference at the InterContinental Hotel in Athens killed one person (Despite telephoned warnings, the building was not evacuated). In December 1999 RN set off explosives near Texaco's offices in Athens.[8]
Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei
[edit]Sect of Revolutionaries
[edit]Revolutionary Self-Defense
[edit]The Revolutionary Self-Defense group claims to fight to "construct a mass internationalist revolutionary movement, by strengthening militant resistance on the entire spectrum of class antagonism".[9] On November 10, 2016, a police officer, who had been on guard outside the embassy, was wounded when unknown assailants threw a hand grenade on the French embassy building, days later the group claimed responsibility for the attack.[10] Militants shot against members of the riot police when they are parked in the downtown in Athens, Greece. The incidents left no one injured.[11] The group is suspected of a 2016 grenade attack the Russian embassy in Athens.[12]
Black Star
[edit]Black Star (also known as Mavro Asteri; Greek: Μαύρο Αστέρι) is a Greek anarchist urban guerrilla group involved in violent direct action.
During the period between May 1999 and October 2002, Black Star was one of the most active anarchist groups in Greece.[13][14] They describe themselves as anti-imperialist, anti-establishment, and anti-capitalist. The group has declared itself to be dedicated to "resistance against the mass organizations of US imperialism and to their local collaborators."[15] They believe that "the only terrorists are the US imperialist forces, their European allies, and their local capitalist associates."[16]
Timeline
[edit]Greece | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Location | Deaths | Injuries | Type | Perpetrator | Description | |
2 September 1970 | Athens | 2 | - | Car bomb | Anarchists | -- Diplomatic (United States)
| |
5 August 1973 | Athens | 5 | 55 | Grenade & Small arms fire | Black September (Palestinian nationalists) | -- Airports & Airlines
| |
24 February 1974 | Lavrion | 2 | - | Improvised Explosive Device | People's Resistance Organized Army | -- Business
| |
23 December 1975 | Athens | 1 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Diplomatic (United States)
| |
17 January 1980 | Athens | 2 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Government institutions
| |
31 July 1980 | Athens | 2 | 2 | Small arms fire | ASALA (Armenian nationalists) | -- Diplomatic (Turkish)
| |
21 July 1981 | Athens | 2 | - | Small arms fire | Neo-fascists | -- Private citizens & property
| |
7 November 1983 | Athens | 1 | 1 | Small arms fire | -- Diplomatic (Jordanian)
| ||
15 November 1983 | Athens | 2 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Diplomatic (United States)
| |
28 March 1984 | Athens | 2 | - | Small arms fire | Abu Nidal Organization | -- Diplomatic (British)
| |
2 February 1985 | Athens | 0 | 78 | Time bomb | Greek Cypriots Ultranationalists | -- American military targets
| |
21 February 1985 | Athens | 2 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Business | |
15 May 1985 | Athens | 3 +1 | 0 | Shootout | Anti-State Struggle | On 15 May 1985 in Gyzi, near central Athens, three police officers investigating recent political murders detected a stolen motorcycle near Tsoutsouvis' apartment building. As they were investigating, Tsoutsouvis and an accomplice opened fire. Three police officers were killed in the exchange. Tsoutsouvis was also killed and his accomplice escaped. | |
1987 | Athens | 0 | 30 | Car bomb | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- American military targets
| |
26 November 1985 | Athens | 1 | 14 | Car bomb | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Government institutions
| |
28 June 1988 | Athens | 1 | - | Car bomb | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Diplomatic (United States)
| |
11 July 1988 | Athens | 11 (one perp.) | 98 | Car bomb -- Grenade & Small arms fire | Abu Nidal Organization | -- Private citizens & property
| |
27 September 1989 | Athens | 1 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Government institutions
| |
12 March 1991 | Athens | 1 | - | Improvised Explosive Device | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Government institutions (Foreign: United States Military)
| |
19 April 1991 | Patras | 7 | 7 | Improvised Explosive Device | Palestinian Nationalists (Union of Palestinian Students) | -- Private citizens & property
| |
14 July 1992 | Athens | 1 | 5 | Rocket propelled grenade fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Government institutions
| |
24 January 1994 | Athens | 1 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Government institutions
| |
4 July 1994 | Athens | 1 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Diplomatic (Turkish) | |
28 May 1997 | Athens | 1 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Business
| |
17 November 1999 | Athens | 1 | - | Improvised Explosive Device | Revolutionary Nuclei | -- Private citizens & property
| |
8 June 2000 | Athens | 1 | - | Small arms fire | 17N (Marxist guerrillas) | -- Diplomatic (British)
| |
17 June 2009 | Athens | 1 | - | Small arms fire | Sect of Revolutionaries | -- Government institutions | |
28 July 2009 | Athens metropolitan area | 0 | 0 | Improvised Explosive Device and firebombing | Illuminating Paths of Solidarity | -- Private citizens & government property
Unknown assailants firebombed at least four New Democracy party offices in Koukaki, Attica,[53] others in Drapetsona,[54] Kaminia, Chalandri,[55] three PASOK offices in Votanikos and Goudi (both in Attica), being claimed by Illuminating Paths of Solidarity.[56] | |
28 March 2010 | Athens | 1 | 2 | Improvised Explosive Device | Unknown | -- Private citizens & property
| |
24 June 2010 | Athens | 1 | - | Improvised Explosive Device | Revolutionary Struggle | -- Government institutions
| |
19 July 2010 | Athens | 1 | - | Small arms fire | Sect of Revolutionaries | -- Journalists & Media
| |
17 June 2012 | Athens | 0 | 0 | Hand grenades | Unknown | -- Journalists & Media
| |
26 June 2012 | Marousi,Athens | 0 | 0 | Firebombing | Deviant Conduct by the Spread of Revolutionary Terrorism | -- Political
| |
4 July 2013 | Attica, Athens | 0 | 0 | Firebombing | Zero Tolerance | -- Political
| |
1 November 2013 | Athens | 2 | 1 | Small arms fire | The Fighting People's Revolutionary Powers | -- Political
| |
14 January 2014 | Athens | 0 | 0 | Firebombing | Zero Tolerance | -- Political | |
12 July 2014 | Athens | 0 | 0 | Hand grenade | Nuclei Of Nullists | -- Journalists & Media
| |
14 January 2015 | Athens | 0 | 0 | Firebombing | Zero Tolerance | -- Political
| |
17 December 2018 | Athens | 0 | 0 | Bombing | Popular Fighters Group | -- Journalists & Media
| |
3 February 2024 | Athens | 0 | 0 | Bombing | Revolutionary Class Self- Defense | -- Political
A bomb exploded outside Ministry of Labour and a bank. The responsibility for the attack was claimed by a new organisation called 'Revolutionary Class Self-Defense'.[79] |
See also
[edit]- Terrorism in Europe
- Islamic terrorism in Europe
- List of terrorist incidents
- Terrorism in the United States
- Hindu terrorism
- Left-wing terrorism
- Right-wing terrorism
References
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- ^ "Έκλεισε η υπόθεση "ΕΛΑ" με την αθώωση των τριών τελευταίων κατηγορούμενων". TVXS - TV Χωρίς Σύνορα. Archived from the original on 2018-05-21. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Background Note: Greece Archived 2017-01-21 at the Wayback Machine United States Department of State
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- ^ a b List of known terrorist organizations Archived 2009-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Center for Defense Information
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- ^ Morou, October 7, 2002
- ^ FBIS London Bureau, June 22, 2000
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- ^ Staff writers (18 January 1980). "Riot Police Chief Killed". The Sydney Morning Herald. Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
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- ^ "Gunman Kills Embassy Guard". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 8 November 1983. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ "U.S. NAVY OFFICER IS ASSASSINATED IN ATHENS BY UNKNOWN GUNMEN". The New York Times. 16 November 1983. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ "Gunman Kills British Diplomat". The Glasgow Herald. 29 March 1984. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ Philps, Alan (20 August 2002). "Mystery end of Abu Nidal - the retired terrorist". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ Kassimeris, George (2013). Inside Greek Terrorism. Oxford University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9780199333394. Archived from the original on 2024-06-17. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ^ ΤΑ ΧΤΥΠΗΜΑΤΑ ΤΗΣ «17 ΝΟΕΜΒΡΗ» Νο 6-10. To Vima (in Greek). 28 July 2002. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ "Police Scour Athens For 3 Suspects In In Fatal Bombing". The Des Moines Register. Associated Press. 28 November 1985.
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- ^ Staff writer (August 8, 1988). "A Smoking Gun Points at Libya". World Notes TERRORISM. TIME magazine. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved 2006-05-05.
- ^ Staff writer (17 November 1992). "Germans Arrest Palestinian In 1988 Cruise Ship Attack". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-05-05.
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- ^ Staff writers (27 September 1989). "Greek Party Spokesman Shot, Killed". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ Staff writers (13 March 1991). "Blast In Greece Kills American". The Bryan Times. United Press International. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
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