Juana Josefina Cavasos Barnard

Juana Josefina Cavasos Barnard (c. 1822–1906) was a Mexican-American Indian captive, slaveowner, and pioneer around present-day Somervell County, Texas. Cavasos was born to María Josefina Cavasos in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. On August 15, 1844 Cavasos along with a friend she was visiting were both abducted by Comanche near the Rio Grande river. There are several conflicting reports regarding the duration of her captivity, but her own personal account implies that it was less than a month in total. In 1900 Cavasos gave an oral testimony of her story titled "My life with the Indians" to her granddaughter Verdie Barnard Alison. Cavasos died of a stroke in 1906.^[1]

Family

Her family was from Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. In 1848 she married Charles E. Barnard and they had fourteen children, six of whom survived into adulthood. Based on her oral testimony she "had twenty-five grandchildren and thirteen great-grandchildren."

Capture

On 15 August 1844 Cavasos was visiting her friend on the Texas side of the Rio Grande when she and her friend were both taken captive to be used for trade. After about a month the Comanches visited the Tehuacana Creek Trading House operated by George Barnard in north central Texas and traded Cavasos for about $300 in horses and merchandise.^[2] Shortly afterwards she married George's brother Charles.^[3]

Later years

For the next 15 years Cavasos worked alongside her husband and his brother running the day-to-day operations of the Comanche Peak trading house. Business was reportedly quite good until the native American customers were removed by the United States Government and sent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in Oklahoma.^[1]

In 1859 Cavasos and her husband used slave labor to construct the first building, a mill, in present-day Glen Rose, Texas. In the early 1870s they sold the mill for $65,000.^[1]^[4]

Legacy

There are several plaques and historical markers throughout Texas detailing the accomplishments of Juana and her husband Charles. In Glen Rose, Texas, a statue of them was erected.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Pickett, Carmelita N. (2008-03-28). "Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia". Reference Reviews. 22 (3): 53–54. doi:10.1108/09504120810859981. ISSN 0950-4125.
^ Nunn, Curtis (1975). Somervelle Story of a Texas County. Texas A & M University Press. pp. US. ISBN 9780912646275.
^ Clendenin, Mary (2007). Comanche Captive The Story of Juana Cavasos. US. ISBN 9780595436330.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "TSHA | Barnard, Juana Josefina Cavasos". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2022-05-28.

[:0-1] Pickett, Carmelita N. (2008-03-28). "Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia". Reference Reviews. 22 (3): 53–54. doi:10.1108/09504120810859981. ISSN 0950-4125.

[2] Nunn, Curtis (1975). Somervelle Story of a Texas County. Texas A & M University Press. pp. US. ISBN 9780912646275.

[3] Clendenin, Mary (2007). Comanche Captive The Story of Juana Cavasos. US. ISBN 9780595436330.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[4] "TSHA | Barnard, Juana Josefina Cavasos". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2022-05-28.

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