1896 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 357 seats in the United States House of Representatives 179 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results: Democratic gain Republican gain Democratic hold Republican hold Populist gain Populist hold Silver Republican gain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1896 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 3, 1896, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the election of President William McKinley. Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 55th United States Congress. The size of the House increased by one seat after Utah gained statehood on January 4, 1896. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The Republican Party maintained its large majority in the House but lost 48 seats, mostly to the Democratic and Populist parties. The Republican losses were most likely due to the extraordinary gains that party made in the prior elections,[citation needed] when many normally Democratic districts voted Republican due to the severity of and fallout from the Panic of 1893. The Democratic Party recovered in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern districts dominated by Catholic and working-class voters. In the Western United States, the Populist Party made large gains and several Republicans broke away over the national party platform's endorsement of a gold standard.
This election marked the zenith of the Populist Party. The Populists would lose most of their seats in the 1898 elections and thereafter slowly fade from prominence.
Election summaries
[edit]124 | 22 | 5 | 206 |
Democratic | Pop | [b] | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Populist | Silver | Silver Republican | Ind. Republican | Republican | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||
Arkansas | District | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
California | District | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |||
Colorado | District | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Connecticut | District | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | ||||||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Florida | District | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Georgia | District | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Idaho | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Illinois | District | 22 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 3 | ||||
Indiana | District | 13 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 4 | ||||
Iowa | District | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | ||||||
Kansas | District +at-large |
8 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | ||||
Kentucky | District | 11 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | ||||
Louisiana | District | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Maine[c] | District | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | ||||||
Maryland | District | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | ||||
Massachusetts | District | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | ||||||
Michigan | District | 12 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | ||||
Minnesota | District | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | ||||||
Mississippi | District | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Missouri | District | 15 | 12 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | ||||
Montana | At-large | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Nebraska | District | 6 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | ||||
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||||||
New Jersey | District | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | ||||||
New York | District | 34 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 1 | ||||
North Carolina | District | 9 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||||
North Dakota | At-large | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||
Ohio | District | 21 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 4 | ||||
Oregon[c] | District | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||||||
Pennsylvania | District +2 at-large |
30 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 2 | |||
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||||||
South Carolina | District | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||||
Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||||
Texas | District | 13 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||
Utah | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Vermont[c] | District | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||||||
Virginia | District | 10 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | ||||
Washington[d] | At-large | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||
West Virginia | District | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Wisconsin | District | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | ||||||
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Total | 357 | 124 34.7% |
31 | 22 6.2% |
13 | 1 0.3% |
0 | 3 0.8% |
1 0.3% |
1 | 206 57.7% |
48 |
Special elections
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 5 | |||||
South Carolina 7 | J. William Stokes | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent's previous election declared void June 1, 1896 due to electoral fraud. Incumbent re-elected November 3, 1896. Incumbent also elected to the next term; see below. |
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Early election dates
[edit]Three states, with 8 seats between them, held elections early in 1896:
Alabama
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | Richard Henry Clarke | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent retired to un for Governor of Alabama. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Alabama 2 | Jesse F. Stallings | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 3 | George Paul Harrison Jr. | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Alabama 4 | William F. Aldrich | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected after initial results indicated loss to Plowman. |
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Alabama 5 | Albert Taylor Goodwyn | Populist | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Alabama 6 | John H. Bankhead | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 7 | Milford W. Howard | Populist | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 8 | Joseph Wheeler | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 9 | Truman H. Aldrich | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Arkansas
[edit]California
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | John All Barham | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 2 | Grove L. Johnson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 3 | Samuel G. Hilborn | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 4 | James G. Maguire | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 6 | James McLachlan | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Populist gain. |
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California 7 | William W. Bowers | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Populist gain. |
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Colorado
[edit]Connecticut
[edit]Delaware
[edit]Florida
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 2 | Charles Merian Cooper | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia
[edit]Idaho
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large | Edgar Wilson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired to run for Idaho Supreme Court. New member elected. Populist gain. |
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Illinois
[edit]Indiana
[edit]Iowa
[edit]Kansas
[edit]Kentucky
[edit]Louisiana
[edit]Maine
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Thomas Brackett Reed | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 2 | Nelson Dingley Jr. | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 3 | Seth L. Milliken | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 4 | Charles A. Boutelle | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland
[edit]Massachusetts
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Ashley B. Wright | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 | Joseph H. Walker | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Lewis D. Apsley | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 5 | William S. Knox | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 6 | William H. Moody | Republican | 1895 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 7 | William Emerson Barrett | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 9 | John F. Fitzgerald | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Harrison Henry Atwood | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 11 | William F. Draper | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 12 | Elijah A. Morse | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 13 | John Simpkins | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan
[edit]Minnesota
[edit]Mississippi
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | John M. Allen | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 2 | John C. Kyle | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 3 | Thomas C. Catchings | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 4 | Hernando Money | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 5 | John S. Williams | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 6 | Walter M. Denny | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 7 | James G. Spencer | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Missouri
[edit]Montana
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large | Charles S. Hartman | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. Silver Republican gain. |
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Nebraska
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | Jesse B. Strode | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 2 | David H. Mercer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 3 | George de Rue Meiklejohn | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Populist gain. |
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Nebraska 4 | Eugene Jerome Hainer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Populist gain. |
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Nebraska 5 | William E. Andrews | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Populist gain. |
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Nebraska 6 | Omer Madison Kem | Populist | 1890 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Populist hold. |
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Nevada
[edit]New Hampshire
[edit]New Jersey
[edit]New York
[edit]North Carolina
[edit]North Dakota
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota at-large | Martin N. Johnson | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[18][19] | |
Ohio 1 | Charles Phelps Taft | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 2 | Jacob H. Bromwell | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 3 | Paul J. Sorg | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Ohio 4 | Fernando C. Layton | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Ohio 5 | Francis B. De Witt | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Ohio 6 | George W. Hulick | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 7 | George W. Wilson | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 8 | Luther M. Strong | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 9 | James H. Southard | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 10 | Lucien J. Fenton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 11 | Charles H. Grosvenor | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 12 | David K. Watson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Ohio 13 | Stephen Ross Harris | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Ohio 14 | Winfield S. Kerr | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 15 | H. Clay Van Voorhis | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 16 | Lorenzo Danford | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 17 | Addison S. McClure | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Ohio 18 | Robert W. Tayler | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 19 | Stephen A. Northway | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 20 | Clifton B. Beach | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 21 | Theodore E. Burton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Oregon
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon 1 | Binger Hermann | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Oregon 2 | William R. Ellis | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania
[edit]Rhode Island
[edit]South Carolina
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | George W. Murray | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 4 | Stanyarne Wilson | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 5 | Thomas J. Strait | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 6 | John L. McLaurin | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 7 | J. William Stokes | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent's previous election declared void June 1, 1896 due to electoral fraud. Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent also elected to finish the term. |
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South Dakota
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
John Pickler | Republican | 1889 (new state) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Populist gain. |
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Robert J. Gamble | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Populist gain. |
Tennessee
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | William C. Anderson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 3 | Foster V. Brown | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Tennessee 4 | Benton McMillin | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 6 | Joseph E. Washington | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Tennessee 7 | Nicholas N. Cox | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 8 | John E. McCall | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Tennessee 9 | James C. McDearmon | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Tennessee 10 | Josiah Patterson | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election as a National Democrat. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Texas
[edit]Utah
[edit]Vermont
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Vermont 1 | H. Henry Powers | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Vermont 2 | William W. Grout | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia
[edit]Washington
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Washington at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
William H. Doolittle | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Samuel C. Hyde | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Silver Republican gain. |
West Virginia
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 3 | James H. Huling | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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West Virginia 4 | Warren Miller | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin
[edit]Wisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 3, 1896.[34][35]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 2 | Edward Sauerhering | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 3 | Joseph W. Babcock | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 4 | Theobald Otjen | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 5 | Samuel S. Barney | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 6 | Samuel A. Cook | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent declined re-nomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 7 | Michael Griffin | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 8 | Edward S. Minor | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 9 | Alexander Stewart | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 10 | John J. Jenkins | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wyoming
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Non-voting delegates
[edit]Oklahoma Territory
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New delegate elected. Silver gain. |
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See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Three states held early elections between June 1 and September 14.
- ^ 1 Silver, 3 Silver Republican, and 1 Independent Republican
- ^ a b c Elections held early.
- ^ While Dubin (p. 320) indicates the two representatives elected to serve Washington state, J. Hamilton Lewis and William C. Jones, were Populists, most other sources (e.g. Martis, pp. 150–151, etc.) indicate that they were elected as a Democrat and a Silver Republican, respectively.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Martis, pp. 150–151.
- ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 3, 1896". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 3, 1896". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 3, 1896". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 3, 1896". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 3, 1896". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 3, 1896". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 694, 695.
- ^ Ohio Election Results 1896. Norwalk, Ohio: The Laning Printing Company. 1897. pp. 33–39.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ Casson, Henry, ed. (1897). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1897 (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
- ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 03, 1896". www.ourcampaigns.com.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
[edit]- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)