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Shoragel sultanate

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The Sultanate of Shoragel
around 1747–1805
StatusSultanate
CapitalErtik
Common languagesPersian (partly official)
Karapapakh
Azerbaijani
Armenian (minority)[1]
Religion
Islam
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
History 
• Established
around 1747
• Disestablished
1805
Area
• Total
1,037.91 km2 (400.74 sq mi)
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Afsharid dynasty
Russian Empire
Today part ofArmenia

Shoragel, Shuragel, Shorayel, or the Sultanate of Shoragel was a sultanate established around 1747, in the period of Afsharid dynasty in Persia, and it often was part of the Erivan Khanate.[2] Its area was 1037.91 versts (1181.16 km²), and the population mainly consisted of Turkic tribes.[3]

History

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The sultanate was located in the north-west of the Erivan khanate at the foot of Alagoz mountain. The sultanate was surrounded by the mountains separating the Kartli-Kakheti kingdom from the north, the Talyn and Seyidli-Agsaqqalli districts from the south, and the Pembek (also known as Pambak) province and Abaran districts from the east. The Arpachay River separated the Shorayel sultanate from the Kars pashalyk. The center of the sultanate was Ertik (Artik).

The “Review Book of Iravan Province” shows the existence of 172 villages in Shoragel Sanjak (together with Pambak Province). According to the information given during the reign of Nadir Shah, there were 109 villages in Shoragel district as a part of Iravan khanate.

In 1804, Russian troops invaded Shoragel resulting in the exodus of large portion of the local Muslim population and the final abolition of the Shoragel sultanate in 1805. Abandoned villages were eventually inhabited by the Armenian population resettled from Ottoman Empire. Those records were mentioned three decades later in the "Review of Russian possessions beyond the Caucasus" printed by Russian State Department for External Trade in 1836.[4]

Но прежнее народонаселение совершенно исчезло; его заменили новые обитатели, и притом не раньше эпохи водворения Русских за Кавказом, так что редко можно отыскать между Армянами старика, который был бы тамошним уроженцем. Это новое население прибыло большею частью из Армянской области, Арзерума, Карса и Курдистана.

В настоящее время жители Бамбако-Шурагельской дистанции разделяются на старожилов и новых поселенцев; к последним принадлежат все те, которые, после войны России с Турцией, перешли в 1829 году под власть Русского Правительства. При Камеральном описании в 1829 году исчислено в дистанции поселян: прежних – 1536 семейства с 5425 душами, и новых – 3148 семейств с 10575 душами мужского пола; всего же 4684 дома, содержащих 16000 душ мужского пола

But the former population has completely disappeared; it was replaced by new inhabitants, and, moreover, not earlier than the era of the settlement of the Russians beyond the Caucasus, so that it is rare to find an old man among the Armenians who would be a native. This new population came for the most part from the Armenian region, Arzerum, Kars and Kurdistan.

At present, the inhabitants of the Bambako-Shuragel distance are divided into old-timers and new settlers; to the latter belong all those who, after the war between Russia and Turkey, passed in 1829 under the authority of the Russian Government. The count villagers in the region was calculated in the Office description of 1829: the former - 1536 families with 5425 souls, and the new ones - 3148 families with 10575 male souls; there are 4,684 houses in all, containing 16,000 male souls.

Part of the Shoragel residents, mainly Karapapakh Turks, left their lands in the wake of the Russo-Turkish war in 1807 and found refuge in the territories of Iravan khanate and Kars pashalyk.

In 1858, the Department of the General Staff of the Russian Empire notes that the Armenian population of Ottoman Empire and Persia continue moving to the empty territories of Arak, Sevan and Shuragel.[5] Both Araks and Sevan were the former territories of Erivan khanate which was conquered, and demolished like the Shorayel (or Shoragel) sultanate in the same time period.

По договорам Туркменчайскому и Андрианопольскому, Персидские и Турецкие правительства обязались не препятствовать Армянам переселяться в пределы России. Большая часть жителей пограничных областей воспользовались этим дозволением, и опустевшие пространства Аракской равнины, Гокчинского озера и Шурагеля снова оживились селениями Турецких и Персидских выходцев. По исчислениям,..., в пределах бывшей Армянской области поселилось 8036 семейств, вышедших из Персии, и 3,682 из Турции, преимущественно из Баязетского пашалыка; в Шурагели 3,148 семейств Турецких выходцев. Впрочем, число это, в настоящее время, должно быть гораздо значительнее, потому что переселения продолжались и после этих исчислений.
According to the agreements of Turkmenchay and Andrianopol, the Persian and Turkish governments pledged not to prevent the Armenians from moving to Russia. Most of the inhabitants of the border regions took advantage of this permission, and the empty spaces of the Arak plain, Gokchi Lake and Shuragel were again revived by the villages of Turkish and Persian immigrants. According to estimates, ..., 8,036 families from Persia settled within the boundaries of the former Armenian region, and 3,682 from Turkey, mainly from the Bayazet Pashalik; in Shurageli there are 3,148 families of coming from Turkey. However, this number, at the present time, should be much more significant, because the resettlement continued even after these calculations.

Rulers

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  • Budaq sultan sultan is the last ruler of the Shoragel sultanate. On October 20, 1805, he signed a document with Pavel Tsitsianov on Shoragel's permanent subordination to Russia in Ganja city. Budag sultan had three sons named Gara Mohammad bey, Hamid bey, Khalil bey.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Обозрение российских владений за Кавказом, в статистическом, этнографическом, топографическом и финансовом отношениях. Часть II. Санкт-Петербург: Типография Департамента Внешней Торговли. 1836. p. 303. ISBN 978-5-4460-2609-8
  2. ^ Обозрение российских владений за Кавказом, в статистическом, этнографическом, топографическом и финансовом отношениях. Часть II. Санкт-Петербург: Типография Департамента Внешней Торговли. 1836. ISBN 978-5-4460-2609-8.
  3. ^ III отдѣлъ: Статистическiя свѣдѣнiя. — Пространство и населенiе Кавказа, стр. 44–46. // Кавказскiй календарь на 1901 годь (LVI годь). Издань по распоряженiю Главноначальствующаго гражданскою частiю на Кавказѣ, при Закавказскомь Статистическомь Комитетѣ, подь редакцiею Члена того же Комитета, Статскаго Совѣтника Е. Кондратенко. Тифлисъ: Типографiя М. Шарадзе и К°, 1900 г.
  4. ^ Обозрение российских владений за Кавказом, в статистическом, этнографическом, топографическом и финансовом отношениях. Часть II. Санкт-Петербург: Типография Департамента Внешней Торговли. 1836. p. 303. ISBN 978-5-4460-2609-8.
  5. ^ ВОЕННО-СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ. Т. 16, Ч. 6. ЭРИВАНСКАЯ ГУБЕРНИЯ. Санкт-Петербург: Типография Департамента Генерального Штаба. 1836. pp. 146–147.

Sources

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