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List of tallest freestanding structures

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of tallest freestanding structures in the world past and present. To be freestanding a structure must not be supported by guy wires, the sea or other types of auxiliary support. It therefore does not include guyed masts, partially guyed towers and drilling platforms but does include towers, skyscrapers (pinnacle height) and chimneys.[1]

Tallest freestanding structures in the world
Scale diagram of some of the tallest structures

Freestanding structures (past or present) over 350 metres (1,148 ft)

[edit]
  •   indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
  • For all structures the pinnacle height is given, so the height of skyscrapers may be different from the values at List of tallest buildings in the world.
  • Structures under construction are included in the main list if their current height is over 350 metres (1,148 ft).
# Name Pinnacle height (m / ft) Ye­ar Type Main use Country City Remarks Coordinates
1 Burj Khalifa 828 2,716 2010 Skyscraper Office, residential apartments, restaurant, hotel  United Arab Emirates Dubai Tallest freestanding structure in the world 2007–Present. Topped out in 2009. 25°11′50.0″N 55°16′26.6″E / 25.197222°N 55.274056°E / 25.197222; 55.274056
2 Merdeka 118 678.9 2,227 2022 Skyscraper Shopping complex, office, housing properties, hotel  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Tallest freestanding structure in Southeast Asia. Topped out in 2022. 3°8′30.0″N 101°42′2″E / 3.141667°N 101.70056°E / 3.141667; 101.70056
3 Tokyo Skytree 634 2,080 2012 Communi­cations tower Observation, UHF/VHF transmission, restaurant, cafe  Japan Tokyo Tallest structure in the OECD, tallest tower in the world. 35°42′36.5″N 139°48′39″E / 35.710139°N 139.81083°E / 35.710139; 139.81083
4 Shanghai Tower 632 2,073 2015 Skyscraper Residential, observation, office  China Shanghai Topped out in August 2013. Tallest structure in China. 31°14′7.8″N 121°30′3.6″E / 31.235500°N 121.501000°E / 31.235500; 121.501000
5 Canton Tower 604 1,982 2010 Communi­cations tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission, cafe, restaurant  China Guangzhou Topped out in 2009. 23°06′23.3″N 113°19′28.5″E / 23.106472°N 113.324583°E / 23.106472; 113.324583
6 Makkah Clock Royal Tower 601 1,972 2012 Skyscraper Hotel, shopping mall  Saudi Arabia Mecca Tallest clock tower in the world 21°25′08″N 39°49′35″E / 21.41889°N 39.82639°E / 21.41889; 39.82639
7 Ping An International Finance Center 599.1 1,969 2017 Skyscraper Office, retail  China Shenzhen Topped out in 2015. 22°32′11.03″N 114°3′1.61″E / 22.5363972°N 114.0504472°E / 22.5363972; 114.0504472
8 Goldin Finance 117 596.5 1,957 – Skyscraper Hotel, residential, commercial offices  China Tianjin Topped out in 2015, still uncompleted in 2024. World's tallest unoccupied building.[2] 39°5′20.65″N 117°4′48.82″E / 39.0890694°N 117.0802278°E / 39.0890694; 117.0802278
9 Lotte World Tower 555.65 1,823 2017 Skyscraper Retail, residential, hotel, offices, observation deck  South Korea Seoul Topped out in 2016. Tallest building in the OECD. 37°30′45″N 127°6′10″E / 37.51250°N 127.10278°E / 37.51250; 127.10278
10 CN Tower 553.3 1,815 1976 Communi­cations tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission, restaurant  Canada Toronto World's tallest freestanding structure 1975–2007, tallest freestanding in the Western Hemisphere. 43°38′30.67″N 79°23′14.27″W / 43.6418528°N 79.3872972°W / 43.6418528; -79.3872972
11 One World Trade Center 546.2 1,776 2014 Skyscraper Office, observation, communication, cafe, restaurant  United States New York City Tallest freestanding structure in the USA, second in the Western Hemisphere. 40°42′46.8″N 74°0′48.6″W / 40.713000°N 74.013500°W / 40.713000; -74.013500
12 Ostankino Tower 540.1 1,772 1967 Communi­cations tower Observation, restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission  Russia Moscow World's tallest freestanding 1967–75, tallest in Europe. Renovated after a 2000 fire. 55°49′11″N 37°36′42″E / 55.81972°N 37.61167°E / 55.81972; 37.61167
13 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre 530 1,739 2016 Skyscraper Office, residential, hotel  China Guangzhou Topped out in July 2014. 23°7′13″N 113°19′14″E / 23.12028°N 113.32056°E / 23.12028; 113.32056
14 Tianjin CTF Finance Centre 530 1,739 2019 Skyscraper Office, residential, hotel  China Tianjin 39°1′18.1″N 117°41′53.1″E / 39.021694°N 117.698083°E / 39.021694; 117.698083
15 China Zun 527.7 1,731 2018 Skyscraper Office, observation  China Beijing Tallest building in Beijing.
16 Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) 527 1,729 1974 Skyscraper Office, observation, UHF/VHF transmission, later United Airlines HQ[3]  United States Chicago Tallest building in the world 1974–1998 (by structural height). 41°52′44.1″N 87°38′10.2″W / 41.878917°N 87.636167°W / 41.878917; -87.636167
17 One World Trade Center (1973–2001) 526.7 [4] 1,728 1973 Skyscraper Office, observation  United States New York City Destroyed 11 Sep 2001. Tallest freestanding structure that no longer exists; world's tallest building 1972–74.
18 Taipei 101 509.2 1,671 2004 Skyscraper Multi-use  Taiwan Taipei World's tallest skyscraper 2004–10, first to exceed 500 m /1,640 ft structural height. 25°02′01″N 121°33′52″E / 25.03361°N 121.56444°E / 25.03361; 121.56444
19 Shanghai World Financial Center 494 1,617 2008 Skyscraper Multi-use  China Shanghai Tallest building in China 2007–2009. 31°14′12″N 121°30′10″E / 31.23667°N 121.50278°E / 31.23667; 121.50278
20 International Commerce Centre 484 1,588 2010 Skyscraper Office  Hong Kong Hong Kong Tallest building in Hong Kong. 22°18′12″N 114°9′37″E / 22.30333°N 114.16028°E / 22.30333; 114.16028
21 Central Park Tower 472 1,550 2020 Skyscraper Residential, retail  United States New York City World's tallest residential building 40°45′59″N 73°58′52″W / 40.7663°N 73.9810°W / 40.7663; -73.9810
22 Landmark 81 470 1,540 2018 Skyscraper Hotel, residential, observation  Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City
23 Oriental Pearl Tower 467.9 1,535 1994 Concrete tower Communication tower  China Shanghai Tallest structure in China (including Hong Kong), 1994–2007. 31°14′30″N 121°29′42″E / 31.24167°N 121.49500°E / 31.24167; 121.49500
24 Lakhta Center 462.5 1,517 2019 Skyscraper Office  Russia Saint-Petersburg Russia's tallest building since 2019.
25 John Hancock Center 457.2 1,500 1969 Skyscraper Office, residential, UHF/VHF-transmission  United States Chicago World's tallest mixed-use building 1969–2008. 41°53′55.68″N 87°37′22.8″W / 41.8988000°N 87.623000°W / 41.8988000; -87.623000
26 Petronas Tower 1 451.9 1,483 1998 Skyscraper Office, observation  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Tallest twin towers in the world. Tallest building in the world 1998–2004. 3°09′28.26″N 101°42′41.94″E / 3.1578500°N 101.7116500°E / 3.1578500; 101.7116500
27 Petronas Tower 2 451.9 1,483 1998 Skyscraper Office, observation  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 3°09′28.26″N 101°42′41.94″E / 3.1578500°N 101.7116500°E / 3.1578500; 101.7116500
28 Greenland Square Zifeng Tower 450 1,476 2010 Skyscraper Mixed-use  China Nanjing Topped-out in 2008. 32°03′44.9″N 118°46′41″E / 32.062472°N 118.77806°E / 32.062472; 118.77806
29 Empire State Building 443.2 1,454 1931 Skyscraper Office, observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United States New York City Tallest freestanding structure 1931–1967, tallest skyscraper –1973. First skyscraper with 100+ stories. 40°44′54.0″N 73°59′09″W / 40.748333°N 73.98583°W / 40.748333; -73.98583
30 KK100 441.8 1,449 2011 Skyscraper Mixed use  China Shenzhen 22°32′47.58″N 114°6′6.63″E / 22.5465500°N 114.1018417°E / 22.5465500; 114.1018417
31 Guangzhou West Tower 440 1,444 2009 Skyscraper Mixed use  China Guangzhou 23°07′13″N 113°19′05″E / 23.12028°N 113.31806°E / 23.12028; 113.31806
32 111 West 57th Street 435 1,428 2020 Skyscraper Residential  United States New York City Thinnest skyscraper in the world 40°45′52″N 73°58′40″W / 40.76455°N 73.97765°W / 40.76455; -73.97765
33 Milad Tower 435 1,427 2003 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Iran Tehran Tallest structure in Iran. 35°44′40″N 51°22′30″E / 35.74444°N 51.37500°E / 35.74444; 51.37500
34 One Vanderbilt 427 1,401 2020 Skyscraper Office, observation  United States New York City 40°45′11″N 73°58′43″W / 40.7530°N 73.9785°W / 40.7530; -73.9785
35 Marina 101 426.5 1,399 2016 Skyscraper Hotel and hotel apartments  United Arab Emirates Dubai 22°05′22.23″N 55°08′56.12″E / 22.0895083°N 55.1489222°E / 22.0895083; 55.1489222
36 432 Park Avenue 426 1,396 2015 Skyscraper Residential  United States New York City 40°45′40″N 73°58′17″W / 40.76111°N 73.97139°W / 40.76111; -73.97139
37 Trump International Hotel and Tower 423.4 1,389 2009 Skyscraper Hotel, condominium  United States Chicago World's tallest concrete formwork structure upon completion. Originally planned to be the world's tallest building in 2001. 41°53′20″N 87°37′36″W / 41.88889°N 87.62667°W / 41.88889; -87.62667
38 Jin Mao Tower 421.5 1,383 1998 Skyscraper Hotel, office, observation  China Shanghai Tallest skyscraper in China, 1998–2007. 31°14′14″N 121°30′05″E / 31.23722°N 121.50139°E / 31.23722; 121.50139
39 Kuala Lumpur Tower 421 1,381 1995 Concrete tower Observation, restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 03°09′10″N 101°42′12″E / 3.15278°N 101.70333°E / 3.15278; 101.70333
40 GRES-2 Power Station Chimney 419.7 1,377 1987 Chimney Power station  Kazakhstan Ekibastusz Tallest chimney in the world. 52°01′20″N 75°28′42″E / 52.02222°N 75.47833°E / 52.02222; 75.47833
41 Two International Finance Centre 415.4 1,363 2003 Skyscraper Office  Hong Kong Hong Kong 22°17′06″N 114°09′33″E / 22.28500°N 114.15917°E / 22.28500; 114.15917
42 Two World Trade Center 415.3 1,362 1973 Skyscraper Office, observation  United States New York City Destroyed on 11 September 2001.
43 Tianjin Radio and Television Tower 415.2 1,362 1991 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  China Tianjin 39°05′31″N 117°10′30″E / 39.09194°N 117.17500°E / 39.09194; 117.17500
44 Al Hamra Tower 414 1,358 2012 Skyscraper Mall, offices  Kuwait Kuwait City World's tallest curved concrete tower 29°22′44″N 47°59′36″E / 29.379°N 47.9932°E / 29.379; 47.9932
45 Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower 411.6 1,350 2019 Skyscraper Hotel, residential  South Korea Busan 35°09′35″N 129°09′23″E / 35.15972°N 129.15639°E / 35.15972; 129.15639
46 Central Radio and TV Tower 405 1,329 1992 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  China Beijing 39°55′05″N 116°18′01″E / 39.91806°N 116.30028°E / 39.91806; 116.30028
47 CITIC Plaza 391.1 1,283 1997 Skyscraper Office  China Guangzhou 23°08′40″N 113°19′10″E / 23.14444°N 113.31944°E / 23.14444; 113.31944
48 Zhongyuan Tower 388 1,273 2010 Concrete/ steel tower UHF/VHF-transmission  China Zhengzhou 34°43′29″N 113°43′22″E / 34.72472°N 113.72278°E / 34.72472; 113.72278
49 30 Hudson Yards 386 1,268 2019 Skyscraper Office, observation, retail  United States New York City Highest outdoor observation deck in the Western Hemisphere. 40°45′17″N 74°00′14″W / 40.754661°N 74.003783°W / 40.754661; -74.003783
50 Kyiv TV Tower 385 1,263 1973 Lattice tower UHF/VHF-transmission  Ukraine Kyiv Attacked on 1 March 2022. 50°28′16″N 30°27′12″E / 50.47111°N 30.45333°E / 50.47111; 30.45333
51 Shun Hing Square 384 1,259 1996 Skyscraper Office  China Shenzhen 22°32′43″N 114°06′21″E / 22.54528°N 114.10583°E / 22.54528; 114.10583
52 Inco Superstack 380 1,250 1971 Chimney Nickel smelter  Canada Sudbury Tallest chimney in the western hemisphere. 46°28′48.2″N 81°03′23.43″W / 46.480056°N 81.0565083°W / 46.480056; -81.0565083
53 85 Sky Tower 378 1,240 1997 Skyscraper Hotel, office, observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Taiwan Kaohsiung 22°36′42″N 120°18′0″E / 22.61167°N 120.30000°E / 22.61167; 120.30000
54 Emirates Park Towers 376 1,233 2012 Skyscraper Hotel  United Arab Emirates Dubai 25°11′08″N 55°15′24″E / 25.1856°N 55.2566°E / 25.1856; 55.2566
55 Tashkent Tower 374.9 1,230 1984 Concrete/ steel tower UHF/VHF-transmission, observation  Uzbekistan Tashkent 41°20′44″N 69°17′4.57″E / 41.34556°N 69.2846028°E / 41.34556; 69.2846028
56 Central Plaza 374 1,227 1992 Skyscraper Office  Hong Kong Hong Kong 22°16′48″N 114°10′25″E / 22.28000°N 114.17361°E / 22.28000; 114.17361
57 Liberation Tower 372 1,220 1993 Concrete tower UHF/VHF-transmission, observation  Kuwait Kuwait City 29°22′05.8″N 47°58′29.83″E / 29.368278°N 47.9749528°E / 29.368278; 47.9749528
58 Almaty Tower 371.5 1,219 1983 Steel tower UHF/VHF-transmission  Kazakhstan Almaty Tallest free-standing tubular steel structure. 43°13′44″N 76°58′34″E / 43.22889°N 76.97611°E / 43.22889; 76.97611
59 4th Chimney of Homer City Generating Station 371 1,217 1977 Chimney Power station  United States Homer City, Pennsyl­vania 40°30′39″N 79°11′37″W / 40.51083°N 79.19361°W / 40.51083; -79.19361
60 Kennecott Garfield Smelter Stack 370.4 1,215 1974 Chimney Copper smelter  United States Magna, Utah Tallest free-standing structure west of the Mississippi. 40°43′18″N 112°11′52″W / 40.72167°N 112.19778°W / 40.72167; -112.19778
61 Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie North tower 370 1,214 2010 Lattice tower Transmission tower  China Zhoushan Island Tallest set of electricity pylons in the world. 29°56′2.78″N 122°2′10.12″E / 29.9341056°N 122.0361444°E / 29.9341056; 122.0361444
62 Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie South tower 370 1,214 2010 Lattice tower Transmission tower  China Zhoushan Island Tallest set of electricity pylons in the world. 29°54′41.39″N 122°1′26.38″E / 29.9114972°N 122.0239944°E / 29.9114972; 122.0239944
63 Chimney of Beryozovskaya GRES 370 1,214 1985 Chimney Power station  Russia Sharypovo Tallest chimney in Russia. 55°34′46″N 89°04′21″E / 55.57944°N 89.07250°E / 55.57944; 89.07250
64 Riga Radio and TV Tower 368.5 1,209 1987 Steel tower UHF/VHF-transmission, observation  Latvia Riga Tallest structure in the European Union. 56°55′26″N 24°08′14″E / 56.92389°N 24.13722°E / 56.92389; 24.13722
65 Berliner Fernsehturm 368 1,207 1969 Concrete tower Restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission, observation  Germany Berlin Tallest structure in Germany. 52°31′15″N 13°24′34″E / 52.52083°N 13.40944°E / 52.52083; 13.40944
66 2nd Chimney of Mitchell Power Plant 367.6 1,206 1968 Chimney Power station  United States Moundsville, West Virginia 39°54′32.16″N 80°45′41.53″W / 39.9089333°N 80.7615361°W / 39.9089333; -80.7615361
67 Bank of China Tower 367.4 1,205 1990 Skyscraper Office  Hong Kong Hong Kong First skyscraper outside the USA to exceed 1,000 ft (305 metres). 22°16′45″N 114°09′41″E / 22.27917°N 114.16139°E / 22.27917; 114.16139
68 Bank of America Tower (Manhattan) 366 1,200 2009 Skyscraper Office  United States New York City 40°45′19″N 73°59′03″W / 40.75528°N 73.98417°W / 40.75528; -73.98417
69 Aon Center 362.5 1,189 1973 Skyscraper  United States Chicago 41°53′07″N 87°37′17″W / 41.88528°N 87.62139°W / 41.88528; -87.62139
70 Trbovlje Power Station 360 1,183 1976 Chimney Power station  Slovenia Trbovlje Tallest chimney in Europe. 46°07′33.37″N 15°03′43.23″E / 46.1259361°N 15.0620083°E / 46.1259361; 15.0620083
71 Almas Tower 360 1,181 2008 Skyscraper Office  UAE Dubai 25°4′8.25″N 55°8′28.34″E / 25.0689583°N 55.1412056°E / 25.0689583; 55.1412056
72 The Pinnacle 360 1,181 2011 Skyscraper Mixed use  China Guangzhou 23°07′40″N 113°19′05″E / 23.1278°N 113.3180°E / 23.1278; 113.3180
73 Endesa Termic 356 1,168 1974 Chimney Power station  Spain As Pontes, Galicia 43°26′29″N 7°51′45.50″W / 43.44139°N 7.8626389°W / 43.44139; -7.8626389
74 SEG Plaza 355.8 1,167 2000 Skyscraper Office  China Shenzhen 22°32′39.5″N 114°04′57.5″E / 22.544306°N 114.082639°E / 22.544306; 114.082639
75 First Canadian Place 355 1,165 1975 Skyscraper Office, UHF/VHF-transmission  Canada Toronto Tallest skyscraper in Canada. 43°38′55″N 79°22′54″W / 43.64861°N 79.38167°W / 43.64861; -79.38167
76 Emirates Office Tower 354.6 1,163 2000 Skyscraper Office  UAE Dubai 25°07′49″N 55°09′57″E / 25.13028°N 55.16583°E / 25.13028; 55.16583
77 Chimney of Phoenix Copper Smelter 351.5 1,153 1995 Chimney Copper smelter  Romania Baia Mare Tallest structure in Romania. 47°39′10″N 23°36′19″E / 47.65278°N 23.60528°E / 47.65278; 23.60528
78 Stratosphere Tower 350.2 1,149 1996 Concrete tower Observation, ride  United States Las Vegas Tallest observation tower in the USA. 36°08′50″N 115°9′19″W / 36.14722°N 115.15528°W / 36.14722; -115.15528
79 Colombo Lotus Tower 350 1,150 2018 Concrete tower Communication, Observation  Sri Lanka Colombo Tallest structure in Sri Lanka. 06°55′37″N 79°51′30″E / 6.92694°N 79.85833°E / 6.92694; 79.85833
80 3rd Chimney of Syrdarya Power Plant 350 1,148 1980 Chimney Power station  Uzbekistan Shirin 40°13′41″N 69°6′2″E / 40.22806°N 69.10056°E / 40.22806; 69.10056

Other freestanding structures (past or present): between 300 metres (984 ft) and 350 metres (1,148 ft)

[edit]
Name Pinnacle height (metres / feet) Year Structural type Main use Country City Remarks
Yangtze River Crossing North Tower 347 1,138 2003 Lattice tower Electricity pylon  China Jiangyin Second tallest set of electricity pylons in the world
Yangtze River Crossing South Tower 347 1,138 2003 Lattice tower Electricity pylon  China Jiangyin Second tallest set of electricity pylons in the world
The Center 346 1,135 1998 Skyscraper  Hong Kong Hong Kong
Neva tower 2 345 1,132 2019 Skyscraper  Russia Moscow
Chimney of Teruel Power Plant 343 1,125 1981 Chimney Power station  Spain Teruel
Chimney of Teruel Power Plant 343 1,125 1981 Chimney Power station  Spain Teruel
4 Times Square 340.7 1,118 2000 Skyscraper  United States New York City
Chimney of Plomin Power Station 340 1,115 ? Chimney Power station  Croatia Plomin
Mercury City Tower 338.8 1,112 2012 Skyscraper  Russia Moscow
West Pearl Tower 338 1,109 2004 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  China Chengdu
Macau Tower 338 1,109 2001 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Macau, China Macau
Europaturm 337.5 1,107 1979 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Germany Frankfurt/Main
Chimney of Power Station Westerholt 337 1,106 1981 Chimney Power station  Germany Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia Demolished on 3 December 2006. Tallest free-standing structure ever demolished in a controlled manner.
The Marina Torch 336.1 1,105 2011 Skyscraper Residential  United Arab Emirates Dubai Damaged by fire in 2015.
Wilshire Grand Center 336 1,102 2017 Skyscraper Office / Hotel  United States Los Angeles Tallest skyscraper in North America located west of the Mississippi River.
Chimney of Mountaineer Power Plant 336 1,102 1980 Chimney Power station  United States New Haven, West Virginia
Dragon Tower 336 1,102 2000 Lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  China Harbin
Chimney of the Cuciurgan power station 335 1,099 1980 Chimney Power plant  Republic of Moldova Nezavertailovca[5]
Rose Tower 333 1,093 2007 Skyscraper  United Arab Emirates Dubai
Shimao International Plaza 333 1,093 2006 Skyscraper  China Shanghai
Parc1 Tower A 333 1,093 2020 Skyscraper Office  South Korea Seoul
Tokyo Tower 332.6 1,091 1958 Lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Japan Tokyo Second tallest structure in Japan.
Minsheng Bank Building 331 1,087 2007 Skyscraper  China Wuhan
Emley Moor TV Tower 330.4 1,084 1970 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United Kingdom Huddersfield, Yorkshire Tallest structure in the United Kingdom.
Eiffel Tower 330 1,083 1889 Lattice tower Observation, restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission  France Paris Tallest structure in the world from 1889 to 1930; first structure to exceed 300 metres in height.
Ryugyong Hotel 330 1,083 1992 Skyscraper  North Korea Pyongyang
Chimney of Ekibastuz GRES-1 330 1,083 1982 Chimney Power station  Kazakhstan Ekibastuz[6]
2 Chimneys of Permskaya GRES 330 1,083 1987/1990 Chimney Power station  Russia Dobryanka
2 Chimneys of Reftinskaya GRES 330 1,083 1980 Chimney Power station  Russia Reftinskiy
Chimney of Kharkiv TEC-5 330 1,083 1981 Chimney Power station  Ukraine Podvirky, Kharkiv Oblast
Chimney of Zuevska thermal power station 330 1,083 1982 Chimney Power station  Ukraine Zuhres, Donetsk Oblast[6]
WITI TV Tower 329.4 1,081 1962 Lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United States Shorewood (Milwaukee), Wisconsin
Three World Trade Center 328.9 1,079 2018 Skyscraper Office  United States New York City
Sky Tower 328 1,076 1997 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  New Zealand Auckland Tallest freestanding structure in the Southern Hemisphere.
Vilnius TV Tower 327 1,073 1980 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Lithuania Vilnius
St. Petersburg TV Tower 326 1,070 1962 Lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Russia St. Petersburg
Salesforce Tower 326 1,070 2018 Skyscraper Commercial offices, retail  United States San Francisco
Chimney of Pirdop copper smelter and refinery 325.4 1,068 1982 Chimney Copper smelter  Bulgaria Pirdop
Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower 325 1,066 2023 Skyscraper Commercial offices, retail, residences  Japan Tokyo Tallest building in Japan.
Chimney of Maritza East Power Station 325 1,066 1977/1980 Chimney Power station  Bulgaria Stara Zagora
WHDH-TV Tower 323.8 1,062 1994 Lattice tower UHF/VHF-transmission  United States Newton, Massachusetts
Rameswaram TV Tower 323 1,059.7 1995 Concrete and lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  India Tamil Nadu Tallest structure in India.
Q1 323 1,058 2005 Skyscraper  Australia Gold Coast Tallest building (architectural top) in Australia.
Burj Al Arab 321 1,053 1999 Skyscraper  United Arab Emirates Dubai
2 Chimneys of Kirishskaya GRES 320 1,050 1984/1986 Chimney Power station  Russia Kirishi[6]
Chimney of Ryazanskaya GRES 320 1,050 1973 Chimney Power station  Russia Novomichurinsk
2 Chimneys of Tobolsk TEC 320 1,050 1983 Chimney Power station  Russia Tobolsk
Chimney of Kostromskaya GRES 320 1,050 1980 Chimney Power station  Russia Volgorechensk
Chimney of Zaporozhskaya GRES 320 1,050 1972 Chimney Power station  Ukraine Enerhodar
Chimney of Vuhlehirska thermal power plant 320 1,050 197? Chimney Power station  Ukraine Svitlodarsk
Chrysler Building 319 1,046 1930 Skyscraper  United States New York City Tallest structure in the world 1930–1931.
Nina Tower I 319 1,046 2006 Skyscraper  Hong Kong Hong Kong
New York Times Building 319 1,046 2007 Skyscraper  United States New York City
Jiangsu Nanjing TV Tower 318.5 1,045 1996 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  China Nanjing
Grand Hyatt Manila 318 1,043 2017 Skyscraper Residential  Philippines Taguig, Metro Manila The tallest building in the Philippines.
KCTV-Tower 317.6 1,042 1956 Lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United States Kansas City
Chimney of Rockport Power Plant 316.4 1,038 1984 Chimney Power station  United States Rockport, Indiana
Magnolias Waterfront Residences at Iconsiam 316 1,038 2018 Skyscraper Residential, Hotel  Thailand Bangkok
Atlanta Turner Broadcasting Tower 314.3 1,031 1967 Lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United States Atlanta, Georgia Disassembled in 2010.
MahaNakhon 314 1,031 2018 Skyscraper Residential, Retail, Hotel, Observation  Thailand Bangkok
Tallinn TV Tower 312.3 1,025 1980 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Estonia Tallinn
Bank of America Plaza 312 1,023 1992 Skyscraper  United States Atlanta
TV Tower Yerevan 311.7 1,023 1977 Lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Armenia Yerevan
Tortoise Mountain TV Tower 311.4 1,022 1986 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  China Wuhan
U.S. Bank Tower 311 1,018 1990 Skyscraper  United States Los Angeles
Menara Telekom 310 1,017 2001 Skyscraper  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
Azeri TV Tower 310 1,017 1996 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Azerbaijan Baku
Chimney of Ugljevik Power Plant 310 1,017 1985 Chimney Power station  Bosnia and Herzegovina Ugljevik
Varso 310 1,017 2022 Skyscraper Office  Poland Warsaw Tallest skyscraper in the European Union.
The Shard 309.6 1,016 2012 Skyscraper  United Kingdom London Tallest skyscraper in the United Kingdom
Kingdom Centre 309 1,015 2002 Skyscraper  Saudi Arabia Riyadh
Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel 309 1,014 2000 Skyscraper  United Arab Emirates Dubai
Sydney Tower 309 1,014 1981 Concrete tower Observation, restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission  Australia Sydney
Eurasia 308.9 1,013 2013 Skyscraper  Russia Moscow
AT&T Corporate Center 307 1,007 1989 Skyscraper  United States Chicago
Chimney of Harllee Branch Power Plant 307 1,007 1978 Chimney Power station  United States Milledgeville, Georgia Demolished on 15 October 2016
Chimney of Buschhaus Power Station 307 1,007 1984 Chimney Power station  Germany Helmstedt, Lower Saxony
Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower 305.5 1,002 1989 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  China Shenyang
JPMorgan Chase Tower 305 1,002 1982 Skyscraper  United States Houston Tallest five-sided skyscraper in the world.
Chimney of Harrison Power Station Scrubber 305 1,001 1994 Chimney Power station  United States Haywood, West Virginia
Chimney of Robert W Scherer Power Plant 305 1,001 1983/1985 Chimney Power station  United States Macon, Georgia
Chimney of Independence Power Plant 305 1,001 1983 Chimney Power station  United States Newark, Arkansas
Chimney of Kyger Creek Power Plant 305 1,001 1980 Chimney Power station  United States Gallipolis, Ohio
Chimney of White Bluff Power Plant 305 1,001 1980 Chimney Power station  United States Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Chimney of Widows Creek Power Plant 305 1,001 1977 Chimney Power station  United States Stevenson, Alabama Demolished on 3 December 2020
Chimney of Hal B. Wansley Power Plant 305 1,001 1976 Chimney Power station  United States Carrollton, Georgia
Chimney of Kingston Power Plant 305 1,001 1976 Chimney Power station  United States Kingston, Tennessee
Chimney of Harrison Power Station 305 1,001 1972/1973 Chimney Power station  United States Haywood, West Virginia
Chimney of Cumberland Fossil Plant 305 1,001 1970 Chimney Power station  United States Cumberland City, Tennessee
Chimney of W. H. Sammis Power Plant, Unit 7 305 1,001 1970 Chimney Power station  United States Stratton, Ohio
Chimney of Conemaugh Generating Station 305 1,001 1970 Chimney Power station  United States Seward, Pennsylvania
Chimney of Hayden Smelter 305 1,001 ? Chimney Power station  United States Hayden, Arizona
Chimney of Plant Bowen Coal 305 1,001 1975 Chimney Power station  United States Taylorsville, Georgia
Chimney of Chvaletice Power Station 305 1,001 1977 Chimney Power station  Czech Republic Chvaletice
Posco Tower-Songdo 305 1,001 2014 Skyscraper Office, Hotel  South Korea Incheon
Chimney of Pleasants Power Plant 304.8 1,000 1980 Chimney Power station  United States Belmont, West Virginia
Fazilka TV Tower 304.8 1,000 2007 Lattice tower FM-/TV-broadcasting  India Fazilka
Baiyoke Tower II 304 997 1997 Skyscraper Hotel  Thailand Bangkok
Two Prudential Plaza 303 995 1990 Skyscraper  United States Chicago
Wells Fargo Plaza 302 992 1983 Skyscraper  United States Houston
Chimney of Power Plant Scholven 302 991 ? Chimney Power station  Germany Gelsenkirchen
Chimney of Power Plant Chemnitz 301.8 990 1984 Chimney Power station  Germany Chemnitz
Chimney of SASOL III Synthetic Fuel Production Plant 301 988 1979 Chimney Synthetic fuel plant  South Africa Secunda Tallest freestanding structure in Africa.
Four Season Private Residences 301 988 2018 Skyscraper Residential  Thailand Bangkok
Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith 101-dong 301 988 2011 Skyscraper Residential  South Korea Busan
Commerzbank Tower 300.1 984 1997 Skyscraper  Germany Frankfurt/Main Tallest skyscraper in Europe, 1997–2005.
Tallest skyscraper in European Union, 1997-2011, 2020-2021.
Gran Torre Santiago 300 984 2013 Skyscraper Observation, Commercial offices, retail  Chile Santiago de Chile Tallest skyscraper in Chile, 2011–present.
Tallest skyscraper in South America, 2013-present.
Eureka Tower 300 984 2006 Skyscraper Residential  Australia Melbourne
Mumbai Television Tower 300 984 ? Lattice tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  India Mumbai
Chimney of Volzhskaya TEC-2 300 984 1988 Chimney  Russia Volzhsky
Thermal power station Kakanj 300 984 1987 Chimney  Bosnia and Herzegovina Čatići
Chimney of Prunéřov Power Station 300 984 1981 Chimney Power station  Czech Republic Prunéřov
Chimney of Tušimice Power Station 300 984 1974 Chimney Power station  Czech Republic Tušimice
Chimney of Lippendorf Power Station 300 984 1967 Chimney Power station  Germany Lippendorf, Saxony Demolished in 2005.
3 Chimneys of Power Plant Jänschwalde 300 984 1981 Chimney Power station  Germany Jänschwalde Demolished in 2002–2007.
Chimney of Walsum Power Station 300 984 1988 Chimney Power station  Germany Walsum, North Rhine-Westphalia
Chimney of Herne Power Station 300 984 1989 Chimney Power station  Germany Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia
Chimney of Thierbach Power Station 300 984 1968 Chimney Power station  Germany Espenhain, Saxony Demolished.
4 Chimneys of Boxberg Power Station 300 984 1979 Chimney Power station  Germany Boxberg, Saxony Demolished in 2000–2012.
Chimney of Marl-Chemiepark Power Station 300 984 ? Chimney Power station  Germany Marl, North Rhine-Westphalia Demolished in 1995.
Chimney of Provence Power Station 300 984 1984 Chimney Power station  France Gardanne
Chimney of Orot Rabin 300 984 1981 Chimney Power station  Israel Hadera
Chimney of Bishkek TEC 300 984 1989 Chimney Power station  Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
Chimney of Rybnik Power Station 300 984 1974 Chimney Power station  Poland Rybnik
Chimney of Jaworzno Power Station 300 984 1977 Chimney Power station  Poland Jaworzno
Chimney of Bełchatów Power Station 300 984 ? Chimney Power station  Poland Bełchatów
Chimney of Kozienice Power Station 300 984 1978 Chimney Power station  Poland Kozienice
Chimney of Warszawa-Kawęczyn Power Station 300 984 1983 Chimney Power station  Poland Warsaw
Chimney of Novaky Power Plant 300 984 1976 Chimney Power station  Slovakia Nováky
Chimney of Duvha Power Station 300 984 1982 Chimney Power station  South Africa Witbank
Chimney of Clifty Creek Power Plant 300 984 1978 Chimney Power station  United States Madison, Indiana
BRTN Toren 300 984 1996 Concrete tower Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Belgium Sint-Pieters-Leeuw
Abeno Harukas 300 984 2014 Skyscraper Observation  Japan Osaka Tallest skyscraper in Japan.[7]
Aspire Tower 300 984 2007 Skyscraper Observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Qatar Doha

Timeline of world's tallest freestanding structures

[edit]
Name Height (metres / feet) Held record Structural type Country City Notes
Göbekli Tepe 5–6 16–20 10000 BC–8000 (2000 years) Temple Turkey Anatolia The earliest known temple built by humans
Tower of Jericho 8.5 28 8000 BC–4000 (4000 years) Monument Palestine Jericho One of the earliest ever stone monuments
Anu Ziggurat 13 40 4000 BC–2650 (1350 years) Temple Iraq Uruk
Pyramid of Djoser 62.5 205 2650 BC–2610 (40 years) Mausoleum Egypt Saqqara First Egyptian pyramid, formed of six stacked mastabas
Meidum pyramid 92 300 2610 BC–2605 (5 years) Mausoleum Egypt Meidum Collapsed during construction, now 65m
Bent Pyramid 104.74 344 2605 BC–2600 (5 years) Mausoleum Egypt Dashur Slope angle changed during construction
Red Pyramid 105 344 2600 BC– 2570 (30 years) Mausoleum Egypt Dashur First true pyramid
Great Pyramid of Giza 146 480 2570 BC–1311 (3,881 years) Mausoleum Egypt Giza Due to erosion today it stands at the height of 138.8 metres (455 ft).
Lincoln Cathedral 159.7 524 1311–1549 (238 years) Church England Lincoln Spire collapsed in 1549; today, stands at a height of 83 metres (272 ft).
St. Mary's Church 151 500 1549–1569 (20 years) Church Germany Stralsund
Beauvais Cathedral 153 502 1569–1573 (4 years) Church France Beauvais Spire collapsed in 1573; today, the church stands at a height of 67.2 metres (220.5 ft).
St. Mary's Church 151 500 1573–1647 (74 years) Church Germany Stralsund Spire destroyed by lightning in 1647; today stands at a height of 104 metres (341 ft).
Strasbourg Cathedral 142 470 1647–1874 (227 years) Church Germany (1647, 1871–1874) and/or France (1648–1870, 1918-today) Strasbourg
St Nikolai 147.3 483 1874–1876 (2 years) Church Germany Hamburg The nave was demolished by aerial bombing during World War II; only the spire remains.
Rouen Cathedral 151 500 1876–1880 (4 years) Church France Rouen
Cologne Cathedral 157.4 516 1880–1884 (4 years) Church Germany Cologne
Washington Monument 169.3 555 1884–1889 (5 years) Monument United States Washington, D.C.
Eiffel Tower 300.6 986 1889–1930 (41 years) Tower France Paris Currently stands at a height of 330 metres (1,080 ft).
Chrysler Building 319 1,046 1930–1931 (1 year) Skyscraper United States New York City
Empire State Building 443.2 1,454 1931–1967 (36 years) Skyscraper United States New York City
Ostankino Tower 540.1 1,772 1967–1975 (8 years) Tower Soviet Union Moscow
CN Tower 553.3 1,815 1975–2007 (32 years) Tower Canada Toronto
Burj Khalifa 829.8 2,722 2007–present (16 years) Skyscraper United Arab Emirates Dubai Topped-out on 17 January 2009

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ See Tallest freestanding structures by skyscraperpage.com
  2. ^ "Guinness world records tallest building unoccupied". Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  3. ^ Karp, Gregory (23 July 2013). "United completed HQ move to Willis Tower". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  4. ^ "See One World Trade Center by skyscrapercenter.com". Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  5. ^ Photo of Молдавская ГРЭС 5-я очередь. Panoramio. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
  6. ^ a b c "List of chimneys built by "Energovisotspechstroy"" (in Russian).
  7. ^ "Tallest high-rise nears completion". The Japan Times. 23 October 2013. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
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