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Stanislaus County, California

Coordinates: 37°34′N 120°59′W / 37.56°N 120.99°W / 37.56; -120.99
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Stanislaus County, California
County
County of Stanislaus
Spanish: Condado de Estanislao[1][2]
Images, from top down, left to right: Modesto Arch, Knights Ferry's General Store, a view of the Tuolumne River from Waterford
Official seal of Stanislaus County, California
Seal
Motto: 
"Striving to be the best!"
Map
Interactive map of Stanislaus County
Location in California
Location in California
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
RegionSan Joaquin Valley
IncorporatedApril 1, 1854[3]
Named forEstanislao
County seat (and largest city)Modesto
Government
 • TypeCouncil–CEO
 • BodyBoard of Supervisors
 • ChairChannce Condit
 • Vice ChairMani Grewal
 • Board of Supervisors[4]
Supervisors
  • Buck Condit
  • Vito Chiesa
  • Terry Withrow
  • Mani Grewal
  • Channce Condit
 • CEOJody Hayes
Area
 • Total1,515 sq mi (3,920 km2)
 • Land1,495 sq mi (3,870 km2)
 • Water20 sq mi (50 km2)
Highest elevation
[5]
3,807 ft (1,160 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total552,878
 • Density360/sq mi (140/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area code209
FIPS code06-099
GNIS feature ID277314
Congressional districts5th, 9th, 13th
Websitestancounty.com

Stanislaus County (/ˈstænɪslɔː(s)/ ⓘ;[6] Spanish: Condado de Estanislao)[7][8][9] is a county located in the San Joaquin Valley of the U.S. state of California. As of 2023, its estimated population is 564,404.[10] The county seat is Modesto.[11]

Stanislaus County makes up the Modesto metropolitan statistical area. The county is located just east of the San Francisco Bay Area and serves as a bedroom community for those who work in the eastern part of the Bay Area.

History

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The first European to see the area was Gabriel Moraga in 1806.

The county was named after the Estanislao River, which in turn was named in honor of Estanislao, a mission-educated renegade Native American chief who led a band of Native Americans in a series of battles against Mexican troops until finally being defeated by General Mariano Vallejo in 1826. Estanislao was his baptismal name, the Spanish name version after Saint Stanislaus the Martyr.

Between 1843 and 1846, when California was a province of independent Mexico, five Mexican land grants totaling 113,135 acres (458 km2; 177 sq mi) were granted in Stanislaus County. Rancho Orestimba y Las Garzas, Rancho Pescadero and Rancho Del Puerto were located on the west side of the San Joaquin River, and Rancho Del Rio Estanislao and Rancho Thompson were on the north side of the Stanislaus River. Additionally in 1844, Salomon Pico received a Mexican land grant of 58,000 acres (235 km2; 91 sq mi) in the San Joaquin Valley, somewhere near the Stanislaus River and the San Joaquin River in what is now Stanislaus County. However, the grant was never confirmed by the land commission.[12]

Stanislaus County was formed from part of Tuolumne County in 1854. The county seat was first situated at Adamsville, then moved to Empire in November, La Grange in December, and Knights Ferry in 1862, and was ultimately fixed at the present location in Modesto in 1871.[13]

As the price of housing has increased in the San Francisco Bay Area, many people who work in the southern reaches of the Bay Area have opted for the longer commute and moved to Stanislaus County for the relatively affordable housing.

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,515 square miles (3,920 km2), of which 20 square miles (52 km2) (1.3%) are covered by water.[14]

Stanislaus County has historically been divided socially and economically by the north-flowing San Joaquin River, which provided a natural barrier to trade and travel for much of the county's history. Isolated from the main rail corridors through the county and the irrigation projects that generated much of the region's economic prosperity, the part of Stanislaus County west of the river (known to locals as the "West Side" of the county) has largely remained rural and economically dependent on agricultural activities. Because of its proximity to Interstate 5 and the California Aqueduct, some towns within this area, including Patterson and Newman, have experienced tremendous growth and are being transformed into bedroom communities for commuters from the nearby San Francisco Bay Area, while others (including Westley and Crows Landing) have been almost entirely overlooked by development and remain tiny farming communities.

Flora and fauna

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A number or rare and endangered species are found in Stanislaus County. The beaked clarkia, (Clarkia rostrata), is listed as a candidate for the federal endangered species list. It has only been found in blue oak-gray pine associations in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, a habitat that occurs at moderately high elevations. Colusa grass, (Neostapfsia colusana) is listed as endangered by the state. It is restricted to vernal pools.[15]

National protected area

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Transportation

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Major highways

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Public transportation

[edit]

Airports

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Modesto City-County Airport has previously had a number of scheduled passenger flights. Currently, its main air traffic is general aviation. Other (general aviation) airports around the county include Oakdale Airport, Patterson Airport, and Turlock Airpark.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18602,245—
18706,499189.5%
18808,75134.7%
189010,04014.7%
19009,550−4.9%
191022,522135.8%
192043,55793.4%
193056,64130.0%
194074,86632.2%
1950127,23169.9%
1960157,29423.6%
1970194,50623.7%
1980265,90036.7%
1990370,52239.3%
2000446,99720.6%
2010514,45315.1%
2020552,8787.5%
2023 (est.)551,430[16]−0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[17]
1790-1960[18] 1900-1990[19]
1990-2000[20] 2010[21] 2020[22]

2020 census

[edit]
Stanislaus County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2010[21] Pop 2020[22] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 240,423 207,908 46.73% 37.60%
Black or African American alone (NH) 13,065 14,302 2.54% 2.59%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 2,870 2,621 0.56% 0.47%
Asian alone (NH) 24,712 33,169 4.80% 6.00%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 3,016 3,713 0.59% 0.67%
Other race alone (NH) 842 2,734 0.16% 0.49%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 13,867 22,453 2.70% 4.06%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 215,658 265,978 41.92% 48.11%
Total 514,453 552,878 100.00% 100.00%

2011

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Places by population, race, and income

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2010 Census

[edit]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Stanislaus County had a population of 514,453. The racial makeup of Stanislaus County was 337,342 (65.6%) White, 14,721 (2.9%) African American, 5,902 (1.1%) Native American, 26,090 (5.1%) Asian (1.5% Indian, 1.1% Filipino, 0.7% Cambodian, 0.5% Chinese, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.3% Laotian, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Cambodian), 3,401 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 99,210 (19.3%) from other races, and 27,787 (5.4%) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 215,658 persons (41.9%); 37.6% of Stanislaus County is Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Salvadoran, 0.2% Nicaraguan, and 0.2% Guatemalan.[30]

(Note - the US Census Bureau says "this system treats race and ethnicity as separate and independent categories. This means that within the federal system, everyone is classified as both a member of one of the four race groups and also as either Hispanic or non-Hispanic." Consequently, there are a total of 8 race-ethnicity categories (e.g., White-Hispanic, White-non-Hispanic, Black-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, etc.). That, in turn, means that the total Hispanic population is made up of each of the four groups, thus the separate distinction for Hispanic and non-Hispanic.)[31]

2000

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As of the census[32] of 2000, 446,997 people, 145,146 households, and 109,585 families were residing in the county. The population density was 299 people per square mile (115 people/km2). The 150,807 housing units had an average density of 101 units per square mile (39 units/km2). The racial/ethnic makeup of the county was 69.3% White, 2.6% Black, 4.2% Asian, 1.3% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 16.8% from other races, and 5.4% from two or more races. About 31.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race; 8.4% were of German, 6.3% English, 6.0% American, 5.5% Irish, and 5.1% Portuguese ancestry according to Census 2000. About 67.8% spoke English, 23.7% Spanish, 1.5% Syriac, and 1.3% Portuguese as their first languages.

Of the 145,146 households, 41.2% had children under 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were not families. About 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.03, and the average family size was 3.47.

In the county, the age distribution was 31.1% under 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,101, and for a family was $44,703. Males had a median income of $36,969 versus $26,595 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,913. About 12.3% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under 18 and 8.8% of those 65 or over.

Metropolitan statistical area

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The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Stanislaus County as the Modesto, CA metropolitan statistical area (MSA).[33] The United States Census Bureau ranked the Modesto MSA as the 103rd-most populous MSA of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[34]

The Office of Management and Budget has further designated the Modesto MSA as a component of the more extensive San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA combined statistical area, the 5th-most populous combined statistical area in the United States.

Crime

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The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

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Government, politics, and policing

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Government

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Main article: Government of Stanislaus County, California

The government of Stanislaus County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. The county government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition, the county serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.

The county government is composed of the elected five-member board of supervisors, several other elected offices including the sheriff-coroner, district attorney, tax assessor, auditor-controller, treasurer-tax collector, and clerk-recorder, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the chief executive officer. As of January 2021, the members of the Stanislaus County Board of Supervisors were:

  • Buck Condit, District 1
  • Vito Chiesa, District 2, chairman
  • Terry Withrow, District 3 vice chairman
  • Mani Grewal, District 4
  • Channce Condit, District 5

Policing

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Sheriff

[edit]
Main article: Stanislaus County Sheriff's Department

The Stanislaus County Sheriff provides court protection, jail administration, and coroner services for the entire county. It provides patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county. The sheriff also provides law-enforcement services by contract to the municipalities of Riverbank, Patterson, Waterford, Salida, and Hughson. These municipalities fund police coverage as specified in the respective sheriff's contract with each city.[37]

Municipal police

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Municipal police departments in the county are: Modesto, population 213,000; Turlock, 73,000; Ceres, 46,000; Oakdale, 23,000; Newman 11,000.

Politics

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Voter registration statistics

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Cities by population and voter registration
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Overview

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Just like neighboring Merced County, Stanislaus is considered a bellwether county in presidential elections. The last major-party nominee to gain over 60% of the vote was Lyndon Johnson in 1964. Furthermore, in 1960, Stanislaus County was one of the most bellwether counties in terms of the popular vote, voting 0.02% more Democratic than the national average. It has voted for the winning candidate for president in every election since 1972 except in 2016 when it voted for Hillary Clinton instead of Donald Trump. In 2020, Joe Biden won the county in a slim victory returning the county to its status as bellwether county. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976, although Barack Obama won a plurality in 2008 and 2012, as did Bill Clinton in both 1992 and 1996, and as Joe Biden did in 2020.

United States presidential election results for Stanislaus County, California[39]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 104,145 48.22% 105,841 49.00% 6,001 2.78%
2016 78,494 45.01% 81,647 46.81% 14,265 8.18%
2012 73,459 47.14% 77,724 49.88% 4,633 2.97%
2008 77,497 47.98% 80,279 49.70% 3,736 2.31%
2004 85,407 58.65% 58,829 40.40% 1,388 0.95%
2000 67,188 52.38% 56,448 44.01% 4,631 3.61%
1996 52,403 44.79% 53,738 45.93% 10,866 9.29%
1992 47,275 36.93% 52,415 40.95% 28,315 22.12%
1988 51,648 53.07% 44,685 45.92% 982 1.01%
1984 55,665 59.23% 37,459 39.86% 861 0.92%
1980 41,595 49.41% 33,683 40.01% 8,908 10.58%
1976 32,937 44.83% 38,448 52.34% 2,080 2.83%
1972 39,521 51.41% 35,005 45.54% 2,341 3.05%
1968 29,573 45.45% 31,316 48.13% 4,174 6.42%
1964 21,973 33.74% 43,078 66.14% 77 0.12%
1960 30,213 49.62% 30,302 49.77% 375 0.62%
1956 26,695 48.60% 28,040 51.05% 192 0.35%
1952 29,270 55.57% 22,837 43.35% 570 1.08%
1948 18,564 48.38% 18,350 47.82% 1,457 3.80%
1944 14,297 47.23% 15,537 51.33% 437 1.44%
1940 14,803 46.63% 16,494 51.96% 449 1.41%
1936 8,613 35.44% 15,341 63.13% 348 1.43%
1932 7,614 36.18% 12,336 58.63% 1,092 5.19%
1928 10,753 67.13% 5,063 31.61% 203 1.27%
1924 7,569 56.86% 1,274 9.57% 4,469 33.57%
1920 7,038 61.61% 3,055 26.74% 1,330 11.64%
1916 4,401 37.66% 5,490 46.98% 1,796 15.37%
1912 17 0.22% 3,127 39.58% 4,756 60.20%
1908 1,663 46.45% 1,390 38.83% 527 14.72%
1904 1,437 52.39% 1,110 40.47% 196 7.15%
1900 1,058 43.81% 1,270 52.59% 87 3.60%
1896 1,007 40.92% 1,398 56.81% 56 2.28%
1892 992 38.90% 1,369 53.69% 189 7.41%
1888 903 39.02% 1,315 56.83% 96 4.15%
1884 979 39.49% 1,424 57.44% 76 3.07%
1880 752 39.31% 1,161 60.69% 0 0.00%

In the United States House of Representatives, Stanislaus County is in California's 13th congressional district, represented by Republican John Duarte.[40]

In the California State Senate, Stanislaus is represented by:[41]

In the California State Assembly, Stanislaus is split between the 22nd Assembly District, represented by Republican Juan Alanis, and the 9th Assembly District, represented by Republican Heath Flora.

Economy

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Agriculture is Stanislaus County's number one industry, with almonds being the primary agricultural product.[42]

Education

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Tertiary

[edit]

The California State University, Stanislaus is a campus of the California State University located in Turlock.

The Yosemite Community College District covers a 4,500-sq-mi area and serves a population over 550,000, encompassing all of two counties (Stanislaus and Tuolumne) and parts of four others (Calaveras, Merced, San Joaquin, and Santa Clara). It is composed of two colleges: Modesto Junior College in Modesto and Columbia College in Sonora in Tuolumne County to the northeast.

Kaplan College has a campus in Modesto, ITT Technical Institute has campus in Lathrop in San Joaquin County to the northeast, and San Joaquin Valley College has campus in Modesto.

K-12 education

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School districts include:[43]

Unified:

Secondary:

Elementary:

Media

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Stanislaus County is in the Sacramento television market, thus receives Sacramento media.

The county also has media outlets that serve the local community:

  • The Modesto Press is the local online news site for Modesto and the surrounding areas of the Central Valley.
  • The Modesto Bee is a Modesto-based daily newspaper.

Communities

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See also: List of cities in Stanislaus County (by population)

Incorporated cities

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Census-designated places

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Other unincorporated communities

[edit]
  • Eugene

Population ranking

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The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Stanislaus County.[44]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)
1 † Modesto City 201,165
2 Turlock City 68,549
3 Ceres City 45,417
4 Riverbank City 22,678
5 Oakdale City 20,675
6 Patterson City 20,413
7 Salida CDP 13,722
8 Newman City 10,224
9 Waterford City 8,456
10 Hughson City 6,640
11 West Modesto CDP 5,682
12 Keyes CDP 5,601
13 Bret Harte CDP 5,152
14 Denair CDP 4,404
15 Empire CDP 4,189
16 Bystrom CDP 4,008
17 Shackelford CDP 3,371
18 East Oakdale CDP 2,762
19 Rouse CDP 2,005
20 Airport CDP 1,964
21 Parklawn CDP 1,337
22 Del Rio CDP 1,270
23 Riverdale Park CDP 1,128
24 Grayson CDP 952
25 Diablo Grande CDP 826
26 Hickman CDP 641
27 Westley CDP 603
28 Crows Landing CDP 355
29 Cowan CDP 318
30 Valley Home CDP 228
31 Monterey Park Tract CDP 133

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
  4. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Stanislaus County - Emergency Services: Questions and Answers in Spanish
  2. ^ Board of Supervisors Meeting, stancounty.com, August 7, 2001.
  3. ^ "Stanislaus County". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  4. ^ "Board of Supervisors - Stanislaus County". www.stancounty.com. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  5. ^ "Mount Stakes". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  6. ^ KCRA News (August 3, 2011). "Proper Way To Say Stanislaus". Archived from the original on November 17, 2021 – via YouTube.
  7. ^ Stanislaus County - Notice of Public Hearing
  8. ^ University of California, Berkeley - Administración Laboral Agrícola
  9. ^ Stockton Diocese - Servicios para la Familia
  10. ^ "Stanislaus County, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  11. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  12. ^ Land Commission records, BANC MSS Land Case Files 245 NDL and Case 245 ND Eleven Leagues, San Joaquín and Estanislao Rivers (also called "Land, Tuolumne") (Stanislaus County). Claimant: James L. Ord, Grantee: Soloman Pico, Associated Case Numbers: Docket 632, 245 ND, Associated Maps: None, Coordinates: Unknown, Rancho Name: None
  13. ^ "History of Stanislaus County Superior Court". stanct.org. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
  14. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  15. ^ John Torrey, Paul Awosika et al., Expanded initial study, Boulder Creek subdivision, Stanislaus County, Earth Metrics, Report 7999: California State Clearinghouse, Sacramento, November 1989.
  16. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  17. ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  18. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  19. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  20. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  21. ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Stanislaus County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  22. ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Stanislaus County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  24. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  25. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  26. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  27. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  28. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  29. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  30. ^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.
  31. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  32. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  33. ^ "OMB Bulletin No. 13-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. February 28, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013 – via National Archives.
  34. ^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". 2012 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2013. Archived from the original (CSV) on April 1, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  36. ^ a b c United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  37. ^ "Contract Cities". Stanislaus County Sheriff's Department. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  39. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org.
  40. ^ "California's 13th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  41. ^ "Final Maps | California Citizens Redistricting Commission". Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  42. ^ Stanislaus County, California (2016). "Top 10 Commodities" (PDF). Stanislaus County Agricultural Report.
  43. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Stanislaus County, CA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2022. - Text list
  44. ^ CNMP, US Census Bureau. "This site has been redesigned and relocated. - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

Further reading

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  • John T. Bramhall, The Story of Stanislaus. Modesto, CA: Modesto Herald, 1914.
  • Sol P. Elias, Stories of Stanislaus: A Collection of Stories on the History and Achievement of Stanislaus County. Modesto, CA: Sol P. Elias, 1924.
  • A Memorial and Biographical History of the Counties of Merced, Stanislaus, Calaveras, Tuolumne and Mariposa, California. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1892.
[edit]

37°34′N 120°59′W / 37.56°N 120.99°W / 37.56; -120.99

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