Solar eclipse of December 22, 1889
| Solar eclipse of December 22, 1889 | |
|---|---|
 Map | |
| Type of eclipse | |
| Nature | Total |
| Gamma | 0.1888 |
| Magnitude | 1.0449 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 258 s (4 min 18 s) |
| Coordinates | 12°42′S 12°48′W / 12.7°S 12.8°W |
| Max. width of band | 152 km (94 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 12:54:15 |
| References | |
| Saros | 130 (45 of 73) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9257 |
A total solar eclipse occurred on December 22, 1889. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. It was visible from Cuba, to the coast of Brazil, and across southern Africa.
The eclipse was the focus of a 242-day United States scientific expedition, roughly 70 miles south of Luanda.
Observations
[edit]The eclipse was the focus of a scientific expedition from the United States, led by David P. Todd of Amherst College and including a team of at least six. Among the members was E. J. Loomis from the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac office. It set sail October 16 on the USS Pensacola and set up the eclipse base camp in December, roughly 70 miles south of Luanda in Cape Ledo. Totality was completely obscured by cloud cover. The ship returned to New York after 242 days, with the expedition performing a variety of other scientific studies along the way.[1][2]
Related eclipses
[edit]Saros 130
[edit]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 130, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1096. It contains total eclipses from April 5, 1475 through July 18, 2232. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on October 25, 2394. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 30 at 6 minutes, 41 seconds on July 11, 1619. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[3]
| Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 41 | 42 | 43 |
 November 9, 1817 |
 November 20, 1835 |
 November 30, 1853 |
| 44 | 45 | 46 |
 December 12, 1871 |
December 22, 1889 |
 January 3, 1908 |
| 47 | 48 | 49 |
 January 14, 1926 |
 January 25, 1944 |
 February 5, 1962 |
| 50 | 51 | 52 |
 February 16, 1980 |
 February 26, 1998 |
 March 9, 2016 |
| 53 | 54 | 55 |
 March 20, 2034 |
 March 30, 2052 |
 April 11, 2070 |
| 56 | 57 | 58 |
 April 21, 2088 |
 May 3, 2106 |
 May 14, 2124 |
| 59 | 60 | 61 |
 May 25, 2142 |
 June 4, 2160 |
 June 16, 2178 |
| 62 | ||
 June 26, 2196 | ||
References
[edit]- ^ "United States Eclipse Expedition to West Africa (1889-1890)", Smithsonian Institution Archives, retrieved 2021-06-10.
- ^ Todd, David P. (May 1890), "The United States Scientific Expedition to West Africa, 1889", Nature, 42 (1070): 8–10, Bibcode:1890Natur..42R...8T, doi:10.1038/042008c0.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- NASA graphic
- Sketchs of Solar Corona December 22, 1889
- Eclipse of December 21, 1889 (Cayenne). Contact print from the original glass negative. Lick Observatory Plate Archive, Mt. Hamilton.
- On Board the Pensacola--The Eclipse Expedition to the West Coast of Africa by Albert Bergman (A Man Before the Mast), New York, 1890
- Mabel Loomis Todd (1900). Total Eclipses of the Sun. Little, Brown.
- Turner, H.H. (14 March 1890). "Report of the Eclipse Committee". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 50. Royal Astronomical Society: 265 et seq. Bibcode:1890MNRAS..50..265T. doi:10.1093/mnras/50.5.265.
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