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Soyuz-2

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(Redirected from Soyuz ST)
This article is about the launch vehicle. For the 1968 Soyuz spacecraft mission, see Soyuz 2 (1968 mission).
Not to be confused with Soyuz T-2, Soyuz TM-2, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-02M, or Soyuz MS-02.

Soyuz-2 (2.1a / 2.1b)
A MetOp spacecraft ready for the launch atop a Soyuz-2.1a rocket.
FunctionMedium-lift launch vehicle
ManufacturerProgress Rocket Space Centre
Country of originRussia
Cost per launchUS$35−48.5 million (Roscosmos)[1][2]
US$80 million (Arianespace)[3]
Size
Height46.3 m (152 ft)[4]
Diameter10.3 m (33 ft 10 in)
Mass312,000 kg (688,000 lb)
Stages3 or 4
Capacity
Payload to LEO[a]
MassA: 7,020 kg (15,480 lb)
B: 8,200 kg (18,100 lb)[4]
Payload to SSO[b]
MassA: 4,230 kg (9,330 lb)
B: 4,900 kg (10,800 lb)[5]
Payload to GTO[c]
MassA: 2,810 kg (6,190 lb)
B: 3,250 kg (7,170 lb)[5]
Payload to TLI[d]
MassB: 2,350 kg (5,180 lb)[6]
Payload to GSO[e]
MassB: 1,360 kg (3,000 lb)[6]
Associated rockets
FamilyR-7 (Soyuz)
Based onSoyuz-FG
Derivative workSoyuz-2 (CSG)
Soyuz-2.1v
Launch history
StatusActive
Launch sites
Total launches
  • 166 (+1 suborbital)
  •     A: 76 (+1 suborbital)
  •     B:: 90
Success(es)
  • 160 (+1 suborbital)
  •     A: 73 (+1 suborbital)
  •     B: 87
Failure(s)4 (A: 2, B: 2)
Partial failure(s)2 (A: 1, B: 1)
First flight
  • A: 8 November 2004
  • B: 27 December 2006
Last flight
  • A: Active
  • B: Active
Type of passengers/cargo
Boosters (First stage)
No. boosters4
Height19.6 m (64 ft)
Diameter2.68 m (8 ft 10 in)
Empty mass3,784 kg (8,342 lb)
Gross mass44,413 kg (97,914 lb)
Propellant mass39,160 kg (86,330 lb)
Powered by1 × RD-107A
Maximum thrustSL: 839.48 kN (188,720 lbf)
vac: 1,019.93 kN (229,290 lbf)
Specific impulseSL: 263.3 s (2.582 km/s)
vac: 320.2 s (3.140 km/s)
Burn time118 seconds
PropellantLOX / RP-1
Second stage (core)
Height27.10 m (88.9 ft)
Diameter2.95 m (9 ft 8 in)
Empty mass6,545 kg (14,429 lb)
Gross mass99,765 kg (219,944 lb)
Propellant mass90,100 kg (198,600 lb)
Powered by1 × RD-108A
Maximum thrustSL: 792.41 kN (178,140 lbf)
vac: 921.86 kN (207,240 lbf)
Specific impulseSL: 257.7 s (2.527 km/s)
vac: 320.6 s (3.144 km/s)
Burn time286 seconds
PropellantLOX / RP-1
Third stage
Height6.70 m (22.0 ft)
Diameter2.66 m (8 ft 9 in)
Empty mass2,355 kg (5,192 lb)
Gross mass27,755 kg (61,189 lb)
Propellant mass25,400 kg (56,000 lb)
Powered byA: 1 × RD-0110
B: 1 × RD-0124
Maximum thrustA: 298 kN (67,000 lbf)
B: 294.3 kN (66,200 lbf)
Specific impulseA: 326 s (3.20 km/s)
B: 359 s (3.52 km/s)
Burn time270 seconds
PropellantLOX / RP-1
Fourth stage (optional) – Fregat / Fregat-M / Fregat-MT[7]
Height1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)
DiameterFregat / Fregat-M: 3.35 m (11.0 ft)
Fregat-MT: 3.80 m (12.5 ft)
Empty massFregat: 930 kg (2,050 lb)
Fregat-M: 980 kg (2,160 lb)
Fregat-MT: 1,050 kg (2,310 lb)
Propellant massFregat: 5,250 kg (11,570 lb)
Fregat-M: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb)
Fregat-MT: 7,100 kg (15,700 lb)
Powered by1 × S5.92
Maximum thrust19.85 kN (4,460 lbf)
Specific impulse333.2 s (3.268 km/s)
Burn timeUp to 1,100 seconds (up to 20 starts)
PropellantN2O4 / UDMH
Fourth stage (optional) – Volga[8]
Height1.025 m (3 ft 4.4 in)
Diameter3.2 m (10 ft)
Empty mass840 kg (1,850 lb)
Propellant mass300–900 kg (660–1,980 lb)
Powered by1 × 17D64[9]
Maximum thrust2.94 kN (660 lbf)
Specific impulse307 s (3.01 km/s)
PropellantN2O4 / UDMH
[edit on Wikidata]

Soyuz-2 (Russian: Союз-2, lit. 'Union-2') (GRAU index 14A14) is a modernized expendable medium-lift launch vehicle and the seventh major version in the Soyuz family. It includes key enhancements over its predecessors including improved engines along with digital flight control and telemetry systems, enabling launches from fixed platforms and the use of large payload fairings.

In its standard configuration, Soyuz-2 is a three-stage launch vehicle designed for low Earth orbit missions. Notably, its stage numbering differs from some rockets. The boosters are considered its the first stage, while the central core is the second. For higher orbits like Molniya or geosynchronous, an optional upper stage can be added. The most common upper stage is the Fregat, but the Volga is also an option. These upper stages have their own independent flight control and telemetry systems.

The Soyuz-2 rocket utilizes the existing facilities as its R-7 derived predecessors, Site 31 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and Site 43 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northwestern Russia. Additional launch locations opened at the Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz at the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana in 2011 and the Site 1S at the Vostochny Cosmodrome in eastern Russia in 2016. However, Soyuz-2 launches from Guiana were suspended in 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[10]

The Soyuz-2 family has two major variants, with the Soyuz-2.1a being the base version that first launched on 8 November 2004. The Soyuz-2.1b, with a 15 percent more powerful third stage, followed on 27 December 2006. Soyuz rockets that use a larger payload fairing are called the Soyuz ST-A or Soyuz ST-B. The derivative Soyuz-2.1v with a more powerful core stage and no boosters was introduced in December 2013.

The Soyuz-2 has replaced the Molniya-M, Soyuz-U and Soyuz-FG since 2010, 2017 and 2019 respectively.[11][12][13]

Variants

[edit]

Soyuz-2.1a

[edit]

The Soyuz-2.1a incorporates upgraded RD-107A engines on both booster and core stages, that have improved injection systems, to enhance overall performance.

The 2.1a also has a digital flight control system, replacing the analog system used on prior Soyuz models. This system allows the vehicle to adjust its trajectory in-flight (a capability the analog system lacked) eliminating the requirement for a complex rotating launchpad. The digital flight control system also unlocks the potential for deploying larger commercial satellites housed within wider and longer payload fairings. These fairings introduce too much aerodynamic instability for the old analog system to handle. The RD-110 engine remains in use for the third stage. When configured with the larger ST fairing, the Soyuz 2.1a is sometimes called Soyuz ST-A.

The first launch of a Soyuz-2.1a took place from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 on 8 November 2004 with a boilerplate payload, simulating the size and weight of a Zenit-8 spy satellite. The first launch of a Soyuz ST-A took place from Guiana Space Centre on 17 December 2011 carrying four satellites (including Pléiades-HR 1A, SSOT and ELISA).

Soyuz-2.1b

[edit]

The Soyuz-2.1b has all the same features as the Soyuz-2.1a, but uses an upgraded engine (RD-0124) on the third stage, which greatly increases specific impulse (326 to 359 seconds), improving payload capability to LEO from 7,200 kilograms (15,900 lb) to 8,200 kilograms (18,100 lb). When configured with the larger ST fairing, the Soyuz 2.1b is sometimes called Soyuz ST-B.

The first launch of a Soyuz-2.1b took place from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 on 26 July 2008 with a classified military payload.[14] The first launch of a Soyuz ST-B took place from Guiana Space Centre on 21 October 2011 carrying two Galileo satellites.

  • Soyuz-2.1b (2018)
    Soyuz-2.1b (2018)
  • From left Soyuz-2.1v, Soyuz-2.1a, Soyuz-2.1b and Soyuz-5)
    From left Soyuz-2.1v, Soyuz-2.1a, Soyuz-2.1b and Soyuz-5)

Modifications for various launch sites

[edit]

Guiana Space Centre

[edit]

To accommodate the conditions and requirements of the Guiana Space Centre (CSG), Soyuz rockets underwent several key modifications. These adaptations ensure the vehicle's optimal performance and safety within the tropical environment.

Launch Infrastructure and Payload Integration

[edit]
  • Mobile Service Tower: Unlike other Soyuz launch complexes, the ELS employed a mobile service tower that enabled vertical payload integration directly on the launchpad.[15]
  • European Payload Adapters: Launch vehicles used European-supplied payload adapters, enhancing compatibility with a broader range of spacecraft.[15]
  • Engine Ignition: At the ELS, the engines of the boosters and first stage were pyrotechnically ignited. At other Soyuz launch complexes, engines are chemically ignited.[16]

Enhanced Safety Systems

[edit]
  • European Safeguard Kit (French: Kit de Sauvegarde Européenne): This system can locate the rocket in real-time and, if necessary, transmit a flight termination signal, ensuring the safe destruction of the vehicle in the event of an anomaly.[15][16]
  • Destruct System for Boosters and Core Stage: Boosters and core stage are equipped with pyrotechnic devices to ensure they sink in the ocean for disposal after flight.[16]
  • S-Band Telemetry System Adaptation: The S band telemetry system is modified to operate on the Inter-Range Instrumentation Group standard used at the CSG.[15]

Environmental Adaptation

[edit]
  • Tropical Climate Adaptation: The air conditioning system is adapted to keep the payload cool inside the faring, and protective measures are added to reduce icing when loading cryogenic fluids in the humid environment.[15]
  • Pest Control: To avoid potential wildlife intrusions, all cavities and openings within the rocket were studied and certified to be adequately sealed against insects and rodents.[16]

Vostochny Cosmodrome

[edit]

Modifications for the Vostochny Cosmodrome version includes:[17]

  • New and upgraded computer, N.A.Semikhatov NPO Automatika's Malachite-7, with six times more performance, better obsolescence protection, reduced weight.[18][19][20]
  • The new computer enabled a significant reduction on the cable network complexity thanks to multiplexing lines and using common buses.[17][20][21]
  • New nickel-cadmium batteries that eliminate the need for a dedicated battery charging station.[18]
  • The inclusion of on-board video system, that will enable real-time views of the launch.[18]
  • Since the launch pad at Vostochny also has a mobile gantry for vertical payload integration, similar to the ELS at Guiana, it has the necessary piping to direct the oxygen purges outside the gantry.[17]

On 1 October 2015, it was announced that parts of the assembly complex for the Soyuz-2 at Vostochny Cosmodrome were designed for a different modification of the rocket and are too small, so that the planned first launch in December 2015 was under question.[22] The first launch occurred on 28 April 2016 at 02:01:21 UTC.[23]

Notable missions

[edit]

Suborbital test flight

[edit]

On 8 November 2004, at 18:30 UTC, the first Soyuz-2 carrier rocket, in the Soyuz-2.1a configuration, was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The rocket followed a sub-orbital trajectory, with the third stage and boilerplate payload re-entering over the Pacific Ocean.

Maiden launch

[edit]

The first attempt at launching a Soyuz-2 to orbit, with the MetOp-A satellite, occurred on 17 July 2006. It was scrubbed two hours before the launch by an automatic sequence, after the onboard computer failed to check the launch azimuth. Fuelling of the rocket was underway at the time, and all launch complex equipment and on-board preliminary checks had proceeded without incident. The rocket was left fuelled on the launch pad, for the next attempt on 18 July 2006. Launch was eventually conducted on 19 October 2006.

First crewed mission

[edit]

First crewed launch of Soyuz-2 took place at 9 April 2020, carrying Soyuz MS-16 to the ISS.

Naphthyl fuel

[edit]

Following successful ground testing, a naphthyl fueled Soyuz-2.1b launch took place on 22 October 2022 at Vostochny. Naphthyl is an environmentally safe hydrocarbon fuel with fewer aromatic compounds than kerosene, that also slightly improves engine performance. There are only minor differences in thermal properties, viscosity, and surface tension, so this did not require significant engine changes.[24]

Launch statistics

[edit]

Since 2006, Soyuz-2 rockets have accumulated a total of 178 launches, 171 of which were successful, yielding a 96.1% success rate.

Launch outcomes

[edit]
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006
2010
2015
2020
  •   Failure
  •   Partial failure
  •   Success
  •   Scheduled

Launch sites

[edit]
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006
2010
2015
2020

List of launches

[edit]
Main article: List of R-7 launches
# Launch date
Time (UTC) 		Configuration Spaceport Result Payload Remarks
— 8 November 2004
18:30 		Soyuz-2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Zenit-8 (boilerplate) Suborbital test flight
01 19 October 2006
16:28 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success MetOp-A Weather satellite
02 24 December 2006
08:34 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 1 Military communications satellite
03 27 December 2006
14:28 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success CoRoT Astronomy satellite
04 26 July 2008
18:31 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[25] Kosmos 2441 (Persona No.1) Reconnaissance satellite
Launch was successful but satellite failed after a few months of operations due to an electrical fault.
05 21 May 2009
21:53 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Failure [26] Meridian 2 Military communications satellite
Bulging of third-stage combustion chamber led to fuel leak and automatic deactivation; satellite in unusable orbit after failed correction attempt.
06 17 September 2009
15:55 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success Meteor-M No.1
 Weather satellite
+ 6 piggyback satellites
07 19 October 2010
17:11 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success Globalstar-2 F1 (6 satellites) Communications satellite
08 2 November 2010
00:59 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 3 Military communications satellite
09 26 February 2011
03:07 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2471 (GLONASS-K 11L) Navigation satellite
10 4 May 2011
17:41 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 4 Military communications satellite
11 13 July 2011
02:27 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success Globalstar-2 F2 (6 satellites) Communications satellite
12 2 October 2011
20:15 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2474 (GLONASS-M 742) Navigation satellite
13 21 October 2011
10:30 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success [27] Galileo IOV-1/2 Navigation satellite
First launch from Guiana Space Centre.
14 28 November 2011
08:25 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [28] Kosmos 2478 (GLONASS-M 746) Navigation satellite
15 17 December 2011
02:03 		Soyuz ST-A
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success [29] Pléiades 1A
SSOT
ELISA 1/2/3/4 		Remote sensing satellite
Earth observation satellite for Chile
Signals intelligence satellite
16 23 December 2011
12:08 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Failure [30] Meridian 5 Military communications satellite
Anomaly led to premature third-stage engine deactivation followed by an explosion which caused it to veer off course; satellite not deployed.
17 28 December 2011
17:09 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success [31] Globalstar-2 F3 (6 satellites) Communications satellite
18 17 September 2012
16:28 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success MetOp-B Weather satellite
19 12 October 2012
18:15 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success [32] Galileo IOV-3/4 Navigation satellite
20 14 November 2012
11:42 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 6 Military communications satellite
21 2 December 2012
02:02 		Soyuz ST-A
Fregat 		Guiana, ELS Success [33] Pléiades 1B Remote sensing satellite
22 6 February 2013
16:04:24 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success Globalstar-2 F4 (6 satellites) Communications satellite
23 19 April 2013
10:00:00 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Bion-M No.1
 Biological science satellite
+ 5 piggyback satellites
24 26 April 2013
05:23:46 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [34] Kosmos 2485 (GLONASS-M 747) Navigation satellite
25 7 June 2013
18:37:59 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[35] Kosmos 2486 (Persona No.2) Reconnaissance satellite
26 25 June 2013
17:28:48 		Soyuz-2.1b Baikonur, Site 31 Success [36] Resurs-P No.1 Earth observation satellite
27 25 June 2013
19:27:03 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success [37] O3b-1/2/3/4 Communications satellites
28 19 December 2013
09:12:19 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success [38] Gaia Space telescope
29 28 December 2013
12:30 		Soyuz-2.1v
Volga 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [citation needed] Aist 1, SKRL-756 #1/2 Maiden flight of Soyuz-2.1v
30 23 March 2014
22:54:03 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [39] Kosmos 2494 (GLONASS-M 754) Navigation satellite
31 3 April 2014
21:02:26 		Soyuz ST-A
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success [40] Sentinel-1A Earth observation satellite
32 6 May 2014
13:49:35 		Soyuz-2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [41] Kosmos 2495 (Kobalt-M) Reconnaissance satellite
33 14 June 2014
17:16:48 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [42] Kosmos 2500 (GLONASS-M 755) Navigation satellite
34 8 July 2014
15:58:28 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success [43] Meteor-M No.2
  • AISSat-2
  • DX-1
  • Relek (MKA-FKI (PN2))
  • SkySat 2
  • TechDemoSat-1
  • UKube-1
 Weather satellite
+ 6 piggyback satellites
35 10 July 2014
18:55:56 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success [44] O3b-5/6/7/8 Communications satellites
36 18 July 2014
20:50:00 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur,
Site 31 		Success Foton-M No.4 Microgravity and biology research satellite
37 22 August 2014
12:27:11 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Partial success [45] Galileo FOC-1/2 Navigation satellite
Fregat upper stage guidance problem left the satellites in an incorrect elliptical orbit. Traced to a flaw in the Fregat thermal design with a heat bridge from the coolant line to fuel line causing freezing of fuel line.
38 29 October 2014
07:09:43 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress M-25M ISS cargo spacecraft. This was the first time Soyuz 2.1a rocket was used for an ISS mission launch.
39 30 October 2014
01:42:52 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Meridian 7 Military communications satellite
40 30 November 2014
21:52:26 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2501 (GLONASS-K 12L) Navigation satellite
41 18 December 2014
18:37:00 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success O3b-9/10/11/12 Communications satellite
Although the mission successfully placed the O3b constellation into the correct orbit, the telemetry system ceased to send telemetry data to ground controllers moments before third Fregat burn. Mission control afterwards directly relied to the satellites to confirm their condition and their position.[46]
42 25 December 2014
03:01:13 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2502 (Lotos-S1 No.1) ELINT
43 26 December 2014
18:55:50 		Soyuz-2.1b Baikonur, Site 31 Success Resurs-P No.2 Earth observation satellite
44 27 February 2015
11:01:35 		Soyuz-2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2503 (Bars-M 1L) Reconnaissance
45 27 March 2015
21:46:18 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success Galileo FOC-3/4 Navigation
46 28 April 2015
07:09:50 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Failure Progress M-27M ISS logistics
Spacecraft lost communications and attitude control soon after separation after damaged by vibration issues during launch.[47] International Space Station docking attempt cancelled.[48] Mission declared a total loss.[49]
47 5 June 2015
15:23:54 		Soyuz-2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2505 (Kobalt-M) Reconnaissance
48 23 June 2015
16:44:00 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2506 (Persona No.3) Reconnaissance
49 11 September 2015
02:08:10 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success[50] Galileo FOC-5/6 Navigation
50 17 November 2015
06:33:41 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2510
(EKS) 		Missile early warning
51 5 December 2015
14:09:00 		Soyuz-2.1v
Volga 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Partial success [51] Kanopus-ST 1 (Kosmos 2511)
KYuA 1 (Kosmos 2512) 		Earth observation
Radar calibration
Soyuz-2.1v booster performed properly, however Kanopus-ST 1 satellite failed to detach from the satellite carrier atop the Volga upper stage. The KYuA-1 radar calibration sphere was mounted in the side of the satellite carrier and was able to successfully deploy.
52 17 December 2015
11:51:56 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success [52] Galileo FOC-8/9 Navigation
53 21 December 2015
08:44:39 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress MS-01 ISS logistics
54 7 February 2016
00:21:07 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751) Navigation
55 13 March 2016
18:56:00 		Soyuz-2.1b Baikonur, Site 31 Success Resurs-P No.3 Earth observation
56 24 March 2016
09:42 		Soyuz-2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M 2L) Reconnaissance
57 31 March 2016
16:23:57 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress MS-02 ISS logistics
58 25 April 2016
21:02:13 		Soyuz ST-A
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success [53] Sentinel-1B[54]
MICROSCOPE[55]
 Earth observation
Astrophysics research
Technology
59 28 April 2016
02:01:21 		Soyuz-2.1a
Volga 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success [23] Mikhailo Lomonosov [56]
Gamma-ray astronomy
Technology demonstrations
60 24 May 2016
08:48:43 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success [58] Galileo FOC-10/11 Navigation
61 29 May 2016
08:44:37 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [59] Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 760) Navigation
Third stage shut down prematurely during the launch. Fregat upper stage detected the problem and compensated with an extended firing, delivering the satellite to the correct orbit.[60]
62 28 January 2017
01:03:34 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success [61] Hispasat 36W-1 a.k.a. Hispasat AG1
Small GEO 		Communications
63 18 May 2017
11:54:53 		Soyuz ST-A
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success [62] SES-15[63] Communications
64 25 May 2017
06:33 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [64] EKS-2 Missile early warning
65 14 June 2017
09:20 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress MS-06 ISS logistics
66 23 June 2017
18:04 		Soyuz-2.1v
Volga 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [65] Kosmos 2519 Military satellite, possibly geodesy project Nivelir-ZU
67 14 July 2017
06:36:49 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31 Partial success Kanopus-V-IK
Many cubesats 		Earth observation
Heliophysics
At least 9 of the 72 cubesats were reported to have failed, possibly due to an issue with the Fregat upper stage.[66] Glavkosmos, the cubesat launch provider, has later confirmed upper stage anomaly.[67]
68 22 September 2017
00:02:32 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2522 (GLONASS-M 752) Navigation
69 14 October 2017
08:46:53 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success Progress MS-07 ISS logistics
70 28 November 2017
05:41:46 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S[68] Failure [69] Meteor-M No.2-1
Ionosfera
Baumanets
Several cubesats 		Weather
Ionospheric research
The orbital insertion burn was conducted while upper stage was oriented in the wrong direction sending it back in to the atmosphere. Roscosmos investigation found 20 years earlier Baikonur co-ordinates had mistakenly been hardcoded in a Fregat subroutine, and the mistake only manifested itself for the first time due to launching from Vostochny. The Russian Government and independent experts however consider the conclusion as a way of escaping individual blame.[70]
71 2 December 2017
10:43:26 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [71] Kosmos 2524 (Lotos S1 No.2) ELINT
72 1 February 2018
02:07:18 [72] 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S[68] Success [73][74] Kanopus-V No.3, No.4
Lemur-2 74, 75, 76, 77
S-Net 1, 2, 3, 4
D-Star One v.1.1 [75] 		Earth observation
Technology demonstrations
73 13 February 2018
08:13:33 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success [76] Progress MS-08 ISS logistics
74 9 March 2018
17:10:06 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success O3b-13/14/15/16 Communications
75 28 March 2018
17:38:42 		Soyuz-2.1v Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [77] Kosmos 2525 (EMKA) Military satellite
76 16 June 2018
21:30 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success Kosmos 2527 (GLONASS-M 756) Navigation
77 9 July 2018
21:51 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success[78] Progress MS-09 ISS logistics
78 25 October 2018
00:15 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [79] Kosmos 2528 (Lotos-S1 No.3) ELINT
79 3 November 2018
20:17 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[80] Kosmos 2529 (GLONASS-M 757) Navigation
80 7 November 2018
00:47:27 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success MetOp-C Weather
81 19 December 2018
13:37 		Soyuz ST-A
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success [81] CSO 1 Reconnaissance
for the French Armed Forces
82 27 December 2018
02:07 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success [81] Kanopus-V No.5 and Kanopus-V No.6
Dove Flock-w × 12 		Earth observation satellites.
83 21 February 2019
19:47 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31 Success [82] EgyptSat A Earth observation
84 27 February 2019
21:37 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success [83] OneWeb-1 (6 satellites) + mockups × 4
(pilot flight) [84] 		Communications
85 4 April 2019
11:01 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success [85] Progress MS-11 ISS logistics
86 4 April 2019
17:03:37 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		ELS
Guiana 		Success O3b (x4) Low Earth orbit communication satellites
87 27 May 2019
09:23 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [86] GLONASS-M 758 Navigation. A lightning struck the rocket 14 seconds after start, without affecting its performance.[86]
88 5 July 2019
05:41 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success [87] Meteor-M No.2-2 Microsputnik Weather
89 10 July 2019
17:14 [88] 		Soyuz-2.1v
Volga 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success 14F150 No.2 / Nivelir-L [89] Geodesy
Launch of four classified military satellites, designated Kosmos 2535–2538, speculated to be part of the Nivelir series of Russian surveillance satellites.
90 30 July 2019
05:56 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success[90] Meridian 8 Communications
91 31 July 2019
12:10 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success [91] Progress MS-12 ISS logistics
92 22 August 2019
03:38 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Success [92] Soyuz MS-14 (uncrewed flight test) ISS crew transport
93 26 September 2019
07:46 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success [93] Kosmos 2541 Military reconnaissance
94 25 November 2019
17:52 		Soyuz-2.1v
Volga 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success [94] Kosmos 2542 Satellite inspection [95]
95 6 December 2019
09:34 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-13 / 74P ISS logistics
96 11 December 2019 Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success GLONASS-M 759 Navigation
97 18 December 2019 Soyuz ST-A
Fregat-MT 		Guiana, ELS Success CHEOPS
COSMO-SkyMed (CSG 1)
OPS-SAT 		Space telescope
Earth observation (radar)
Technical demonstration
98 6 February 2020
21:42:41 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success OneWeb-2 (34 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 1)[84] 		Communications
99 20 February 2020
08:24:54 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Meridian M-9 (19L) Military comsat[96]
100 16 March 2020
18:28:00 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success [69] GLONASS-M No.760
(Kosmos 2545) 		Navigation
101 21 March 2020
17:06:58 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success [69][97] OneWeb-3 (34 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 2) 		Communications
102 9 April 2020
08:05:06 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success[69] Soyuz MS-16 ISS crew transport
103 25 April 2020
01:51:41 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success [98] Progress MS-14 ISS logistics
104 22 May 2020
06:45[99] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Success EKS-4 (Tundra 14L)[100] Early warning
105 23 July 2020
14:26:22 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-15 ISS logistics
106 28 September 2020
11:20:00 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Gonets-M (17/18/19)
GEN-1 (Antilles and Amidala) (Canada), Lemur-2 (4) (United States), MeznSat (United Arab Emirates), SALSAT (Germany), NetSat-1 to 4 (Germany), ICEYE-X6 and X7 (Finland), LacunaSat-3 (Lithuania), Yarilo-1 and 2 (Russia), Norbi (Russia) and Dekart (Descartes) (Russia) [101] 		Communications
107 14 October 2020
05:45:04 [102] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-17 ISS crew transport
108 25 October 2020
19:08:42 [103] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2547 (GLONASS-K 15L) Navigation
109 2 December 2020
01:33:28 [104] 		Soyuz ST-A
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success FalconEye 2 Reconnaissance
110 3 December 2020
01:14 [105] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Gonets-M 20/21/22
ERA-1 (Kosmos-2548) (nanosatellite) 		Communication
Technology - Russian Ministry of Defense
111 18 December 2020
12:26:26 [106] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-4 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 1) 		Communications
112 20 December 2020
16:42:07 [107] 		Soyuz ST-A
Fregat-M 		Guiana, ELS Success CSO-2 Reconnaissance
113 2 February 2021
20:45:28 [108] 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2549 (Lotos-S1 No.4) ELINT
114 15 February 2021
04:45:05 [109] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-16 ISS logistics
115 28 February 2021
06:55:01 [110] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Arktika-M No.1 Weather satellite
116 22 March 2021
06:07:12 [111] 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success CAS500-1
A cluster of secondary commercial payloads (+37 satellites). 		Earth observation
117 25 March 2021
02:47:33[112] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-5 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 2) 		Communications
118 9 April 2021
07:42:40[113] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-18 ISS crew transport
119 25 April 2021
22:14:08[114] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-6 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 3) 		Communications
120 28 May 2021
17:38:39[115] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-7 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 4) 		Communications
121 25 June 2021
19:50:00[116] 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2550 (Pion-NKS No.1) SIGINT
122 29 June 2021
23:27:20[117] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-17 ISS logistics
123 1 July 2021
12:48:33[118] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb-8 (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 5) 		Communications
124 21 August 2021
22:13:40[119] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success OneWeb-9 (34 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 3) 		Communications
125 9 September 2021
19:59:47[120] 		Soyuz-2.1v Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2551 (EMKA No.2) Reconnaissance
126 14 September 2021
18:07:19[121] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success OneWeb-10 (34 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 4) 		Communications
127 5 October 2021
08:55:02[122] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-19 ISS crew transport
128 14 October 2021
09:40:10[123] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success OneWeb (36 satellites)
(Vostochny flight 6) 		Communications
129 28 October 2021
00:00:32[124] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-18 ISS logistics
130 24 November 2021
13:06:35[125] 		Soyuz-2.1b Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Prichal ISS assembly
131 25 November 2021
01:09:13[126] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2552 (EKS-5, Tundra 15L) Early warning
132 5 December 2021
00:19:20[127] 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guyana, ELS Success Galileo FOC FM23
Galileo FOC FM24 		Navigation
133 8 December 2021
07:38:15[128] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-20 ISS crew transport and space tourism
134 27 December 2021
13:10:37[129] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success OneWeb (36 satellites)
(Baikonur flight 5) 		Communications
135 5 February 2022
07:00:00[130] 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Neitron №1 Reconnaissance
136 10 February 2022
18:09:37[131] 		Soyuz ST-B
Fregat-MT 		Guyana, ELS Success OneWeb (34 satellites) Communications
137 15 February 2022
04:25:39[132] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-19 ISS logistics
138 18 March 2022
15:55:18[133] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-21 ISS crew transport
139 22 March 2022
12:48:22[134] 		Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Meridian-M 10 (20L) Military communications
140 7 April 2022
11:20:18[135] 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2554 (Lotos-S1 No.5) ELINT
141 19 May 2022
08:03:32[136] 		Soyuz-2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2556 (Bars-M 3L) Reconnaissance
142 3 June 2022
09:32:16[137] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-20 ISS logistics
143 7 July 2022
09:18:06[138] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2557 (GLONASS-K 16L) Navigation
144 1 August 2022
20:25:48[139] 		Soyuz-2.1v
Volga 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2558 (Nivelir No.3) Surveillance
145 9 August 2022
05:52:38[140] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Khayyam
16 rideshare cubesats 		Earth observation
146 21 September 2022
13:54:49[141] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-22 ISS crew transport
147 10 October 2022
02:52:32[142] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2559 (GLONASS-K 17L) Navigation
148 21 October 2022
19:20:15[143] 		Soyuz-2.1v
Volga 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2561 & Kosmos 2562 Surveillance
149 22 October 2022
19:57:09[144] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success Gonets-M 23/24/25 (33L/34L/35L), Skif-D Communications
150 26 October 2022
00:20:09[145] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-21 ISS logistics
151 2 November 2022
06:47:48[146] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2563 (EKS-6, Tundra 16L) Early warning
152 28 November 2022
15:13:50[147] 		Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2564 (GLONASS-M 761) Navigation
153 30 November 2022
21:10:25[148] 		Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2565 (Lotos-S1 No.6)
Kosmos 2566 		ELINT
154 9 February 2023
06:15:36[149] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-22 ISS logistics
155 24 February 2023
00:24:29[150] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-23 ISS crew transport
156 23 March 2023
06:40:11[151] 		Soyuz-2.1a Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2567 (Bars-M 4L) Reconnaissance
157 29 March 2023 19:57:02[152] Soyuz-2.1v Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2568 (EO MKA №4) Reconnaissance
158 24 May 2023 12:56:07[153] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-23 ISS logistics
159 26 May 2023 21:14:51[154] Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success Kondor-FKA No.1 Reconnaissance
160 27 June 2023 11:34:49[155] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success Meteor-M No.2-3
42 rideshare satellites 		Weather
Various uses
161 7 August 2023 13:19:25[156] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2569 (GLONASS-K2 13L) Navigation
162 10 August 2023 23:10:57[157] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success Luna 25 (Luna-Glob lander) Lunar exploration
163 23 August 2023 01:08:10[158] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-24 ISS logistics
164 15 September 2023 15:44:35[159] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-24 ISS crew transport
165 27 October 2023 06:04:43[160] Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/3 Success Kosmos 2570 (Lotos-S1 No.7)
Kosmos 2571 		ELINT
166 25 November 2023 20:58:06[161] Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2572 (Razdan 1) Reconnaissance
167 1 December 2023 09:25:11[162] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-25 ISS logistics
168 16 December 2023 09:17:48[163] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Arktika-M No.2 Meteorology
169 21 December 2023 08:48:39[164] Soyuz-2.1b Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2573 (Bars-M 5L) Reconnaissance
170 27 December 2023 07:03:44[165] Soyuz-2.1v Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2574 (Razbeg No.1) Reconnaissance
171 9 February 2024 07:03:44[166] Soyuz-2.1v Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2575 (Razbeg No.2) Reconnaissance
172 15 February 2024 03:25:05[167] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-26 ISS logistics
173 29 February 2024 05:43:26[168] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S Success Meteor-M No.2-4
18 rideshare satellites 		Weather
Various uses
174 23 March 2024 12:36:10[169] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Soyuz MS-25 ISS crew transport
175 31 March 2024 09:36:45[170] Soyuz-2.1b Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Resurs-P No.4 Earth observation
176 16 May 2024 21:21:29[171] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43/4 Success Kosmos 2576 (Nivelir-L №4)
9 rideshare satellites 		Reconnaissance
Various uses
177 30 May 2024 09:42:59[172] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-27 ISS logistics
178 15 August 2024 03:20:18[173] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Success Progress MS-28 ISS logistics

Planned launches

[edit]
Launch date
Time (UTC) 		Configuration Spaceport Result Payload Function Remark
11 September 2024
16:22 [174] 		Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Planned Soyuz MS-26 ISS crew transport
5 November 2024[175] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Scheduled Ionosfera-M1
Ionosfera-M2 		Ionospheric research
21 November 2024[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-29 ISS logistics
30 November 2024[177] Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat-M 		Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Kondor-FKA No.2 Reconnaissance
Q4 2024 Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat-M 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Planned GLONASS-K 18 Navigation
Q4 2024[178] Soyuz-2.1a Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Obzor-R №1 Earth observation
2024[177] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Ionosfera-M3
Ionosfera-M4 		Ionospheric research
2024[179] Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Meteor-M No.2-5 Weather
2024[180] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Planned GLONASS-K2 No.2 (2xx) Navigation
2024[181] Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Planned Meridian-M 11 (21L) Communications
February 2025[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-30 ISS logistics
March 2025[174] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Planned Soyuz MS-27 ISS crew transport
May 2025[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-31 ISS logistics
August 2025[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-32 ISS logistics
September 2025[174] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Planned Soyuz MS-28 ISS crew transport
October 2025[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-33 ISS logistics
2025[182] Soyuz-2.1b Baikonur, Site 31/6 Planned Bion-M No.2 Biological science
2025[183] Soyuz-2.1b Baikonur, Site 31 Planned Resurs-P No.5 Earth observation
2025[177] Soyuz-2.1b Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Resurs-PM №1 Earth observation
2025[184][185] Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Kondor-FKA-M No.1 Reconnaissance
2025[179] Soyuz-2.1a
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Meteor-M No.2-6 Weather
2025[177] Soyuz-2.1b Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Resurs-PM №2 Earth observation
February 2026[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-34 ISS logistics
March 2026[174] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Planned Soyuz MS-29 ISS crew transport
May 2026[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-35 ISS logistics
August 2026[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-36 ISS logistics
September 2026[174] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31 Planned Soyuz MS-30 ISS crew transport
October 2026[176] Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6 Scheduled Progress MS-37 ISS logistics
2027[186] Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Vostochny, Site 1S Planned Luna 26 Lunar orbiter
Soyuz-2.1b
Fregat 		Plesetsk, Site 43 Planned GLONASS-K 19–23 Navigation

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ 200 km (120 mi) circular LEO 51.8° inclination from Baikonur
  2. ^ 820 km (510 mi) SSO with Fregat from Guiana
  3. ^ 1,500 m/s (4,900 ft/s) Delta-V deficit GTO with Fregat from Guiana
  4. ^ with Fregat from Baikonur
  5. ^ with with Fregat from Guiana

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Russian launch service provider reveals cost of Soyuz-2.1 rocket launch". Russian Aviation. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  2. ^ "The Soyuz-2 rocket series". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  3. ^ Office, U. S. Government Accountability. "Surplus Missile Motors: Sale Price Drives Potential Effects on DOD and Commercial Launch Providers". www.gao.gov. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  4. ^ a b "SOYUZ-2 Launch Vehicle/Power Characteristics". Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  5. ^ a b "SOYUZ-ST Launch Vehicle / Power Characteristics". Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  6. ^ a b "The Soyuz-2 rocket series". Russianspaceweb.
  7. ^ Конструкция разгонного блока "Фрегат" (in Russian). NPO Lavochkin. Archived from the original on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  8. ^ "Volga upper stage". russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  9. ^ "Soyuz 2-1 launches maiden mission from Vostochny | NASASpaceFlight.com". nasaspaceflight.com. 27 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  10. ^ Berger, Eric (26 February 2022). "Russia pulls out of European spaceport, abandoning a planned launch". Ars Technica. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  11. ^ Zak, Anatoly (30 September 2010). "Last launch of the Molniya-M on 30 September 2010". RussianSpaceWeb.com.
  12. ^ Zak, Anatoly (1 June 2011). "Soyuz-2 to replace its predecessors". RussianSpaceWeb.com.
  13. ^ "Alexander Kirilin: "We are working on three rocket"". Volzkhskaya Kommuna. 1 June 2011. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  14. ^ Stephen Clark (26 July 2008). "Soyuz 2-1b rocket launches classified military payload". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  15. ^ a b c d e "Soyuz from the Guiana Space Centre – User's manual" (PDF). Arianespace. March 2012. p. 43. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
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