Royal Naval College, Osborne

Royal Naval College, Osborne
Royal Naval College, Osborne
	The Stable Block at Osborne House, main building of the former College
Active	1903 – 1921
Country	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Branch	Royal Navy
Type	Training
Role	Junior cadet training
Garrison/HQ	Isle of Wight, England

The Royal Naval College, Osborne, was a training college for Royal Navy officer cadets on the Osborne House estate, Isle of Wight, established in 1903 and closed in 1921.

Boys were admitted at about the age of thirteen to follow a course lasting for six academic terms before proceeding to the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth.

Some formal appointments to the college were to HMS Racer, a vessel attached to the college, previously the tender to HMS Britannia.

Background

Following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, Osborne House, overlooking the River Medina, where she had spent her final years, was surplus to the requirements of the new king, her son Edward VII. He passed the property over to the government, apart from a few rooms in the main house which he kept as a private royal museum of the later life of Queen Victoria. In 1903, part of the estate, including the Osborne Stable Block, was converted into a naval training college, while the main house became a military hospital.^[1]

Foundation

Acting upon the Selborne-Fisher scheme (or New Scheme) for officer education, the Admiralty decided that the first two years, or six terms, of officer training should take place somewhere other than the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. The Civil Lord of the Admiralty, Ernest Pretyman, asked the House of Commons for an increase of £400,000 in Vote 10 of the Navy Estimates for 1903–1904. He said that King Edward had indicated that he wished to present Osborne House and its grounds to the nation, thus providing "a most admirable site, in a situation second to none" for a naval establishment.^[2]

Pretyman went on to explain that several new buildings were needed, and he hoped they would be ready by August. There would be a large gymnasium and recreation hall, plus single-storey class-rooms and bungalow dormitories built of Euralite, with concrete floors, heated by steam from a boiler house. Each bungalow would have accommodation for about thirty cadets, and the Admiralty's present plans were for a total of about two hundred cadets. Land had been bought at Deal for a rifle range.^[2]

During the first half of 1903, Admiral Fisher chaired an education committee which had the task of establishing the college, to be controlled by the Admiralty.^[1] The college was formally opened on 4 August 1903 by the King and the first entry of 75 cadets, which included the future Admiral Sir Louis Hamilton and Admiral Sir Harold Walker joined on 15 September.^[3]

Two appointments were made long before the new college opened its doors. Captain Rosslyn E. Wemyss was appointed Captain of HMS Racer and Commandant of the Royal Naval College, Osborne, under the New Scheme, on 25 November 1902, and with effect from 12 March 1903 Commander William G. E. Ruck-Keene was appointed as Executive Officer of HMS Racer.^[4]

The college

Before admission as naval cadets at about the age of thirteen, boys had to pass an entrance examination, in which they were tested in English, history and geography (with special reference to the British Empire), arithmetic, algebra, geometry (practical and theoretical); French or German, with written and oral examinations; and Latin, with set translations and simple grammatical questions. A boy who passed the entrance examination was then appointed as a cadet, the appointment reading "To HMS Racer for the Royal Naval College, Osborne."^[5]

Boys at the college wore naval uniform and generally stayed for two years of initial training, divided into six terms, then from about the age of fifteen they continued their studies at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. HMS Racer, a ship dating from 1884, was given to the college at Osborne as a tender.^[5] All cadets were educated in mathematics, foreign languages, natural sciences, sailing, navigation, seamanship, and naval history, the science and technology to give non-engineering officers a better understanding of their future ships, while those who became engineers would be better equipped for command. Physical education and the usual school sports were also part of the curriculum, both for the benefit of the cadets and so that they could train their future ships' crews and produce sports teams to play friendly matches while on good-will visits in overseas ports. At the end of their four years at Osborne and Dartmouth, cadets were posted to training ships, to gain practical experience at sea, before being posted into real-life naval service, as newly commissioned officers. A final examination after four years decided the seniority and postings of the new junior officers and also had a big impact on their chances of early promotion.^[6]

The college was funded very like other boarding schools, charging fees of £75 a year for each boy, not including clothes and travelling expenses, but with no compulsory extras; so the cost of educating a boy at Osborne was rather less than at a traditional public school.^[7] Fathers who were Army and Navy officers or civilian officers working for the Board of Admiralty could plead straitened circumstances, in which event the fees could be reduced to £40 a year, if the merits of the case were accepted.^[5]

The college closed in 1921, with the last students leaving on 9 April 1921, after the Admiralty had taken the decision to bring the whole of the four-year course to Dartmouth. Almost all Osborne boys progressed to Dartmouth at the beginning of the following term.^[8]

Osborne inspired the Merchant Navy's Nautical College, Pangbourne, founded in 1917, where boys continued to wear naval uniform and to maintain some other traditions.^[9]

Captains and Commandants of the College

The following served as captain and Commandant of the college:

Order	Officeholder	Title	Term began	Term end	Time in office
1	Captain Rosslyn Erskine Wemyss^[10]	Captain of HMS Racer and Commandant of the Royal Naval College, Osborne	1 August 1903 (1903-08-01)	1 September 1905 (1905-09-01)	2 years, 31 days
2	Captain Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair^[11]		1 May 1905 (1905-05-01)
3	Captain Richard Stapleton-Cotton		1906
4	Captain Arthur Henry Christian^[12]		16 July 1908 (1908-07-16)	5 October 1910 (1910-10-05)	2 years, 81 days
5	Captain the Hon. Horace Lambert Alexander Hood^[13]		5 October 1910 (1910-10-05)	16 January 1913 (1913-01-16)	2 years, 103 days
6	Captain Rudolph Walter Bentinck^[14]		16 January 1913 (1913-01-16)	31 July 1914 (1914-07-31)	1 year, 196 days
7	Captain Herbert Edward Holmes à Court^[15]		1 August 1914 (1914-08-01)
8	Captain Henry FitzRoy George Talbot^[16]		15 December 1918 (1918-12-15)	5 May 1920 (1920-05-05)	1 year, 142 days
9	Captain Francis Arthur Marten^[17]		5 May 1920 (1920-05-05)	1 February 1921 (1921-02-01)	272 days
10	Captain Charles William Rawson Royds^[18]		2 February 1921 (1921-02-02)	3 May 1921 (1921-05-03)	90 days
11	Commander Charles Frederic Roy Cowan (acting Captain)^[19]		3 May 1921 (1921-05-03)	20 May 1921 (1921-05-20)	18 days

Notable teaching staff

See also Category:Instructors of the Royal Naval College, Osborne

In 1907 George Dyson was appointed as the college's director of music, on the recommendation of Sir Hubert Parry.^[20] He moved on to Marlborough College in 1911^[21] and was succeeded by Reginald Thatcher. Paul Boissier was another member of the staff and went on to become the headmaster of Harrow School.^[22] R. P. Keigwin, a first-class cricketer and languages master, moved on to teach at Clifton College in 1919.^[23]

The schoolmasters who in 1921 were left without teaching posts when the college closed were offered employment at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. In this way, Charles Godfrey became the head of Mathematics at Greenwich, with the title of Professor, having been headmaster at Osborne, while Michael Lewis and Geoffrey Callender, two other masters from Osborne, also became heads of departments at Greenwich.^[8] William Mansfield Poole, the head of modern languages at Osborne, proceeded with his boys to the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, and continued to teach there.^[24]

Notable students

See also Category:People educated at the Royal Naval College, Osborne

Conolly Abel Smith (1899–1985), later Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Michael Conolly Abel Smith GCVO CB
William Agnew (1898–1960), later Vice-Admiral Sir William Gladstone Agnew KCVO CB DSO
William Andrewes (1899–1974), later Admiral Sir William Gerrard Andrewes KBE CB DSO
Edmund Anstice (1899–1979), later Vice Admiral Sir Edmund Anstice KCB
George Archer-Shee (1895–1914) was expelled from Osborne in 1908 after being falsely accused of stealing a postal order, inspiring the play The Winslow Boy. He was killed in action in 1914.^[25]
Harold Harington Balfour (1897–1988), later a First World War flying ace and Conservative politician, became Lord Balfour of Inchrye
Claud Barry (1891—1951), later Admiral Sir Claud Barrington Barry KBE CB DSO
Prince Louis of Battenberg (1900–1979), later Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma [26]
Walter Napier Thomason Beckett (1893–1941), later Captain Beckett MVO DSC
Patrick Blackett (1897–1974), later Patrick, Lord Blackett OM CH PRS, experimental physicist
Sidney Boucher (1899–1963), later Captain Sidney Boucher [27]
Robin Bridge (1894–1971), later Admiral Sir Robin Bridge KBE CB
Benjamin Bryant (1905–1994), later Rear Admiral Benjamin Bryant CB DSO DSC
Anthony Buzzard (1902–1972), later Rear-Admiral Sir Anthony Buzzard [28]
Kendal Chavasse (1904−2001), later Colonel Kendal Chavasse DSO and bar
Laurence Durlacher (1904−1986), later Admiral Sir Laurence Durlacher, KCB, OBE, DSC
Richard Coleridge (1905–1984), later Richard Coleridge, 4th Baron Coleridge KBE DL RN, Executive Secretary of NATO 1952–1970
Walter Couchman (1905–1981), later Admiral Sir Walter Thomas Couchman KCB CVO DSO OBE
Victor Crutchley (1893–1986), later Admiral Sir Victor Crutchley
Henry Carlton Cumberbatch (1900–1966), later Commander RN and submariner
Henry St John Fancourt (1900–2004), a pioneering naval aviator
John Paul Wellington Furse (1904 –1978), later Rear Admiral GCB OBE VMH
Thomas Dunlop Galbraith (1891–1985), later Thomas Galbraith, 1st Baron Strathclyde
Michael Cavenagh Gillett (1907–1971), British diplomat, who retired as British Ambassador to Afghanistan.
Rupert Gould (1890–1948)
Deric Holland-Martin (1906–1977), later Admiral Sir Douglas Eric Holland-Martin GCB DSO DSC DL^[29]
Charles Lambe (1900–1960), later Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Lambe GCB CVO
Jack Llewelyn Davies (1894–1959) was one of the five Llewelyn Davies boys who inspired J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan. Davies, whose brothers all went to Eton, later described his two years at Osborne as horrendous.^[30]
John Cecil Masterman (1891–1977), later cricketer, spymaster, and vice-chancellor^[31]
Lewis Nixon (naval architect) (1861–1940), a naval architect and grandfather of Lewis Nixon III^[32]
Richard Onslow (1903–1975), later Admiral Sir Richard George Onslow & 3 Bars
Wilfrid Denys Pawson (1905–1959), later Archdeacon of Lindisfarne^[33]
Conway Pulford (1892–1942), later Air Vice Marshal Conway Pulford
Christopher Roper-Curzon (1896–1972), later Baron Teynham^[34]
Robert St Vincent Sherbrooke (1901–1972), later Rear Admiral Sherbrooke
Conolly Abel Smith (1899–1985), later Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Conolly Abel Smith [35]
Anthony Thorold (1903–1999), later Captain Sir Anthony Thorold [36]
Prince Albert Frederick of Wales (1895–1952), later Duke of York and King George VI
Prince Edward of Wales (1894–1972), later King Edward VIII and Duke of Windsor
Prince George of Wales (1902–1942), later George, Duke of Kent^[37]
Frederic John Walker (1896–1944), later Captain Frederic John Walker [38]
Alan Webb (actor)

When the naval aviator Henry St John Fancourt died in 2004, at the age of 103, he was one of the last surviving Osborne boys and may also have been the last survivor of the Battle of Jutland.^[39]

References

^ ^a ^b Barry Gough, Churchill and Fisher: the titans at the Admiralty who fought the First World War (James Lorimer & Co. 2017), pp. 40–42
^ ^a ^b Hansard, House of Commons Debates, volume 120, 30 March 1903, cc 590-592
^ Lady Wester Wemyss, The Life and Letters of Lord Wester Wemyss G.C.B., C.M.G., M.V.O. Admiral of the Fleet (Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1935)
^ D. M. Schurman, The Education of a Navy (1965), p. 120
^ ^a ^b ^c United States Naval Institute Proceedings, Volume 44, Part 12 (1918), p. 2,771
^ Admiral Sir Reginald Hugh Bacon, The Life of Lord Fisher of Kilverstone (New York: Doubleday, 2007, ISBN 1-4325-9362-5 , facsimile of first edition by Hodder and Stoughton, October 1929), Vol. I, pp 183–193
^ Farquharson-Roberts, Mike; Roberts, John A.G. (2015). Royal Naval Officers from War to War, 1918-1939. p. 45.
^ ^a ^b Dickinson, Harry (2016). Wisdom and War: the Royal Naval College Greenwich 1873–1998. p. 129.
^ Marine Engineer and Naval Architect, Volume 39 (1917), p. 245
^ Service Record of Lord Wester Wemyss, National Archives, ADM 196/42/f.223
^ Service Record of Edwin Alexander-Sinclair, National Archives, ADM 196/42/f.361
^ Service Record of A. H. Christian, National Archives, ADM 196/42/f.142
^ Service Record of H. L. A. Hood, National Archives, ADM 196/43/f.114
^ Service Record of R. W. Bentinck, National Archives, ADM 196/43/f.47
^ The Navy List, December 1914, p. 376
^ Service Record of H. F. G. Talbot, National Archives, ADM 196/43/421/f.421
^ Service Record of F. A. Marten, National Archives, ADM 196/90/85/f.85
^ Service Record of C. W. R. Royds, National Archives, ADM 196/44/f.290
^ E. D. Price, William Palmer, Hammond Hall, The New Hazell Annual and Almanack (Oxford University Press, 1921), p. 348
^ Foreman, Lewis. "Dyson, Sir George". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press (subscription required).
^ "Dyson, Sir George". Who Was Who online edition. Oxford University Press (subscription required). 2014.
^ "Foreign News: Glory on the Hill" in Time magazine dated Monday, 20 October 1941
^ "Keigwin, R. P." in Clifton College Register (1862–1962) (Old Cliftonian Society, 1963)
^ "William Mansfield Poole", obituary in The Eagle, magazine of Bedford Modern School, Volume XXVI, No.2 (Easter term, 1947)
^ Bennett, Rodney M. (1973). The Archer-Shees against the Admiralty: the Story behind The Winslow Boy. London: Robert Hale. pp. 7–18.
^ Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734–1995. Havertown: Pen & Sword. p. 183. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.
^ Lewis, P. (2014) For Kent and Country, pp.119–121. Brighton: Reveille Press.
^ Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
^ "Martin, Sir Douglas Eric [Deric] Holland-". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31246. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Piers Dudgeon, The Real Peter Pan: the Tragic Life of Michael Llewelyn Davies (Biteback Publishing, 2015), p. 97
^ John P. Campbell, "Masterman, Sir John Cecil (1891–1977), college head and intelligence officer" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edition, accessed 6 March 2018 (subscription site)
^ Scannell's New Jersey's First Citizens and State Guide ...: Genealogies and Biographies of Citizens of New Jersey with Informing Glimpses Into the State's History, Affairs, Officialism and Institutions ... J. J. Scannell. 1919.
^ 'PAWSON, Ven. Wilfrid Denys', in Who Was Who 1951–1960 (A & C Black, 1984 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2598-8)
^ Charles Mosley, ed., Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, volume 3 (Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), pp. 3880–3881
^ Houterman, Hans; Koppes, Jeroen. "Royal Navy Officers 1939-1945 (Ab–Ad)". unithistories.com. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
^ 'THOROLD, Captain Sir Anthony (Henry)', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 25 Nov 2017
^ Peter Millar, "The Other Prince" in The Sunday Times dated 26 January 2003
^ Sainsbury, A. B. (September 2004). "Walker, Frederick John (1896–1944)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36690. Retrieved 2 June 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Captain Henry St John Fancourt (obituary) in The Daily Telegraph dated 13 Jan 2004, accessed 22 April 2018

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