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Sino-North Korean Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance

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Sino-North Korean Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance
Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty between The People's Republic of China and The Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Kim Il Sung and Zhou Enlai at the signing ceremony
TypeTreaty of friendship
Defense pact
Signed11 July 1961 (1961-07-11)
LocationBeijing, China
Signatories
Parties
Languages
Full text
zh:中朝友好合作互助条约 at Wikisource
Sino-North Korean Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese中朝友好合作互助条约
Traditional Chinese中朝友好合作互助條約
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngcháo Yǒuhǎo Hézuò Hùzhù Tiáoyuē
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingzung1 ciu4 jau5 hou2 hap6 zok3 wu6 zo6 tiu4 joek3
Korean name
Hangul조중우호, 협조 및 호상원조에 관한 조약
Transcriptions
Revised RomanizationJojunguho, hyeopjo min hosangwonjoe gwanhan joyak
McCune–ReischauerChojunguho, hyŏpcho min hosangwŏnjoe kwanhan choyak
Signing of the treaty by Kim Il Sung and Zhou Enlai on 11 July 1961, Beijing

The Sino-North Korean Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance is a treaty signed on 11 July 1961 between North Korea and China. Its official name is the Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The treaty is currently the only defense treaty China has with any nation,[1] while North Korea's only other such treaty is with Russia.[2]

History

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See also: China–North Korea relations

After the 1961 May 16 coup, the new South Korean leader Park Chung Hee urged for an increase in military spending and for action to be taken against North Korea. The North Korean leadership feared a South Korean invasion and turned to the Soviet Union and China for support.[3][4]

Kim Il Sung arrived in Beijing in 1961 to sign the treaty just a few days after signing the North Korean-Soviet Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty (朝苏友好合作互助条约).[5] However, the Soviet treaty has not entered into force since the 1990s, and only a revised "consultation" treaty was re-ratified in 1999. [6]

The treaty was signed by North Korean Premier Kim Il Sung and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai on 11 July 1961 in Beijing,[5] just a few days after the signing of the North Korean-Soviet Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty (朝苏友好合作互助条约).[5] The Soviet treaty however has not been in effect since the 1990s with only a revised "consultation" treaty being re-adopted in 1999.[6] The treaty came into effect on 10 September 1961.[7][8]

Content

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The treaty generally promoted peaceful cooperation in the areas of culture, economics, technology and other social benefits between the two nations.[5] Specifically, Article 2 of the treaty declares the two nations undertake all necessary measures to oppose any country or coalition of countries that might attack either nation.[6]

In accordance with Article 7, the Treaty remains in force unless an agreement is reached on its amendment or termination.[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "China-N. Korea defense treaty". koreatimes. 26 July 2016. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  2. ^ "Russia and North Korea sign partnership deal that appears to be the strongest since the Cold War". AP News. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  3. ^ 北朝鮮と軍事同盟50年を祝う中国を侮るな. MSN産経ニュース (in Japanese). 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013. Alternative source: [1] Archived 12 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ 7月11日「中朝友好条約60周年」 記念行事で中朝緊密を強調か. KoreaWorldTimes (in Japanese). 9 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d 鴨綠江水靜流淌：中朝60年紀事. Ifeng. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  6. ^ a b c Harrison, Selig S. [2003] (2003). Korean endgame: a strategy for reunification and U.S. disengagement. p 322.
  7. ^ 1961年7月11日 《中朝友好合作互助條約》在北京簽訂. Cpc.people.com.cn. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  8. ^ 中朝兩國關係發展的新契機. CCTV News. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  9. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin's Regular Press Conference on July 7, 2021". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 7 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
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