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Inland Empire (film)

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Inland Empire
Theatrical release poster
Directed byDavid Lynch
Written byDavid Lynch
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyDavid Lynch
Edited byDavid Lynch
Production
companies
Distributed by
  • 518 Media
  • Absurda (US)
  • StudioCanal (France; through Mars Distribution[1])
Release dates
  • 6 September 2006 (2006-09-06) (Venice)
  • 6 December 2006 (2006-12-06) (United States)
  • 7 February 2007 (2007-02-07) (France)
  • 27 April 2007 (2007-04-27) (Poland)
Running time
180 minutes[2]
Countries
  • France
  • Poland
  • United States
Languages
  • English
  • Polish
Budget$2.9–3 million[3]
Box office$4.4 million[4][5][6]

Inland Empire is a 2006 experimental psychological thriller film[7] written, directed and co-produced by David Lynch. As of 2024, it is the last feature film Lynch has directed, marking his longest hiatus between film projects. The film's cinematography, editing, score and sound design were also by Lynch, with pieces by a variety of other musicians also featured. Lynch's longtime collaborator and then-wife Mary Sweeney co-produced the film. The cast includes such Lynch regulars as Laura Dern, Justin Theroux, Harry Dean Stanton, and Grace Zabriskie, as well as Jeremy Irons, Karolina Gruszka, Peter J. Lucas, Krzysztof Majchrzak, and Julia Ormond. There are also brief appearances by a host of additional actors, including Nastassja Kinski, Laura Harring, Terry Crews, Mary Steenburgen, and William H. Macy. The voices of Harring, Naomi Watts, and Scott Coffey are included in excerpts from Lynch's 2002 Rabbits online project. The title borrows its name from a metropolitan area in Southern California.

Released with the tagline "A Woman in Trouble", the film follows the fragmented and nightmarish events surrounding a Hollywood actress (Laura Dern) who begins to take on the personality of a character she plays in a supposedly cursed film production. An international co-production between the United States, France, and Poland, the film was completed over three years and shot primarily in Los Angeles and Poland. The process marked several firsts for Lynch: the film was shot without a finished screenplay, instead being largely developed on a scene-by-scene basis; and it was shot entirely in low-resolution digital video by Lynch himself using a handheld Sony camcorder rather than traditional film stock.[8]

Inland Empire premiered in Italy at the Venice Film Festival on 6 September 2006.[8] It received generally positive but polarized reviews from critics, with attention centering on its challenging and surrealist elements.[9] It was named the second-best film of 2007 (tied with two others) by Cahiers du cinéma,[10] and listed among Sight & Sound's "thirty best films of the 2000s",[11] as well as The Guardian's "10 most underrated movies of the decade".[12]

The film was remastered by Lynch and Janus Films in 2022.[13]

Plot

[edit]

In a hotel room, the Lost Girl—a young prostitute—cries following an unpleasant encounter with a client while watching a television show about a family of surrealistic anthropomorphic rabbits who speak in cryptic statements and questions.

Meanwhile in Los Angeles, actress Nikki Grace auditions for the lead role in the film On High in Blue Tomorrows. In her mansion, she is visited by a neighbor who asks about the film and then tells "an old tale": a boy passed through the doorway into the world, causing a reflection that gave birth to an evil that followed him. Then she tells a variation: a girl was lost in the marketplace - "as if half-born" - while the alley behind the marketplace was the way to the palace. The woman is certain that Nikki will get the role and insists that despite Nikki's claims to the contrary, the plot involves murder. The next day, Nikki celebrates winning the role as her Polish husband Piotrek watches on.

During the first rehearsal involving Nikki and the film's lead actor Devon, the actors are interrupted by a disturbance on the set. Devon investigates but finds nothing. Shaken by the event, director Kingsley Stewart confesses that they are shooting a remake of a German film entitled 47, based on a Polish folktale. Production was abandoned after both leads were murdered, creating rumors of the film being cursed.

After filming the first few romantic scenes between their respective characters Sue and Billy, Nikki and Devon begin an affair, despite earlier protestations that their relationship would be strictly professional and despite Piotrek warning Devon of "dark consequences" for "wrong actions". Nikki starts to have difficulties distinguishing between real life and scenes from the film. Entering a door marked "Axxon N." in an alley, she finds herself walking onto the set and causing the disturbance during the first rehearsal weeks earlier. Nikki runs away and enters a prop, which turns into an actual house. Inside the house, Nikki sees her husband going to bed. She hides from him in a closet, where she encounters a troupe of prostitutes.

At this point, various plotlines and scenes begin to entwine and complement each other, with the chronological order and the distinction between characters unclear. Some scenes show her joining the (modern-day) prostitutes, while other scenes depict prostitutes and pimps in a wintery Łódź in the 1930s. She is also shown to live a troubled marriage with her poor husband "Smithy". In another set of scenes, Nikki/Sue is talking to a policeman in a room above a nightclub. She tells him how she was sexually abused in her childhood and how her husband joined a traveling circus from Poland as a gamekeeper. She also speaks of the Phantom, a hypnotist who worked at the circus and then disappeared.

In one scene, Sue confronts Billy in front of his family, professing her love. She is sent away and slapped by Billy's wife Doris. It is now revealed that Doris was the woman who earlier told a policeman that she had been hypnotized to kill someone and found a screwdriver sticking in her own stomach. Doris remembers that the Phantom hypnotized her to kill Sue.

Feeling stalked by the Phantom, Nikki/Sue arms herself with a screwdriver. Walking down Hollywood Boulevard she notices her doppelgänger and Doris and meets with the policeman above the nightclub. Outside, she is eventually stabbed by Doris with her own screwdriver. Nikki/Sue collapses at a bus stop next to two homeless women. One of the homeless women tells all kinds of strange stories about her friend Niko, while the other holds a lighter in front of Sue's face until she dies. Kingsley yells "Cut!" and the camera pans back to show this has merely been a film scene.

Kingsley informs Nikki that her scenes for the film are complete. In a daze, Nikki wanders off set and into a nearby cinema, where she sees not only On High in Blue Tomorrows but events occurring in real-time. She follows a man upstairs and enters an apartment marked "Axxon N". Confronted by the Phantom, Nikki shoots him. The Phantom transforms into a grotesque figure before dying. Nikki flees into Room 47, which houses the rabbits on television - though she fails to see them - and then meets the Lost Girl. The Lost Girl escapes from the hotel and into Smithy's house, where she happily embraces her husband and son. Nikki is back at her mansion.

The film ends with a celebration involving the troupe of prostitutes, a one-legged woman mentioned earlier, Niko and her pet monkey, and others. The women dance to Nina Simone's "Sinner Man", while a lumberjack saws a log.

Cast

[edit]

Themes and analysis

[edit]

[T]he structure of Inland Empire differs from prior Lynch films, Lost Highway or Mulholland Drive. It is neither a Möbius strip that endlessly circles around itself, nor is it divisible into sections of fantasy and reality. Its structure is more akin to a web where individual moments hyperlink to each other and other Lynch films—hence the musical number that closes the film which contains obvious allusions to everything from Blue Velvet to Twin Peaks.

Zoran Samardžija, 2010[14]

When asked about Inland Empire, Lynch refrained from explaining the film, responding that it is "about a woman in trouble, and it's a mystery, and that's all I want to say about it."[15] When presenting screenings of the digital work, Lynch sometimes opened with a quotation from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad:

We are like the spider. We weave our life and then move along in it. We are like the dreamer who dreams and then lives in the dream. This is true for the entire universe.[16][17]

New York Film Festival official Richard Peña summarized the film as "a plotless collection of snippets that explore themes Lynch has been working on for years", including "a Hollywood story about a young actress who gets a part in a film that might be cursed; a story about the smuggling of women from Eastern Europe; and an abstract story about a family of people with rabbit heads sitting around in a living room."[15] The Guardian critic Peter Bradshaw called the film "a meditation on the unacknowledged and unnoticed strangeness of Hollywood and movie-making in general", adding that Lynch "establishes a bizarre series of worm-holes between the worlds of myth, movies and reality."[18] Critic Mark Fisher wrote that the film "often seems like a series of dream sequences floating free of any grounding reality, a dream without a dreamer [in which] no frame is secure", but argued that "it is the film that is mad, not the characters in it ... it is Hollywood itself that is dreaming".[19] He also commented that "to see Lynch's worlds captured on digital video makes for a bizarre short-circuiting: as if we are witnessing a direct feed from the unconscious".[19]

Dennis Lim of Slate described the film as "a three-hour waking nightmare that derives both its form and its content from the splintering psyche of a troubled Hollywood actress", and commented on Lynch's use of digital video, describing it as "the medium of home movies, viral video, and pornography—the everyday media detritus we associate more with ... intimate or private viewing experiences than communal ones", adding that the film "progresses with the darting, associative logic of hyperlinks".[20] Scholar Anne Jerslev has argued that the film "constitutes multiple and fractured modes of perception in a world of digital screens".[21] Jerslev further contends that the film features "formal similarities with a website's hyperlinked layering of screens/windows, constantly disclosing new worlds from new points of view", but according to theorist Steven Shaviro "it also builds on cinematic codes, even as it deconstructs them".[21]

Production

[edit]

Background

[edit]

Inland Empire is the first Lynch feature to be completely shot in digital video; it was shot in standard definition with a hand-held Sony DSR-PD150 by Lynch himself.[13][22] Lynch has stated that he will no longer use film to make motion pictures.[23] He explained his preference, stating that the medium gives one "more room to dream", and more options in post-production.[20] Much of the project was shot in Łódź, Poland, with local actors, such as Karolina Gruszka, Krzysztof Majchrzak, Leon Niemczyk, Piotr Andrzejewski and artists of the local circus Cyrk Zalewski. Some videography was also done in Los Angeles, and in 2006 Lynch returned from Poland to complete filming. Lynch then edited the final results in Final Cut Pro in his home office over six months.[24] He did not work with frequent collaborator and editor Mary Sweeney because "there wasn't a real organized script to go by and no one knew what was going on except him."[24]

Lynch shot the film without a complete screenplay. Instead, he handed each actor several pages of freshly written dialogue each day.[8][13] In a 2005 interview, he described his feelings about the shooting process: "I've never worked on a project in this way before. I don't know exactly how this thing will finally unfold ... This film is very different because I don't have a script. I write the thing scene by scene and much of it is shot and I don't have much of a clue where it will end. It's a risk, but I have this feeling that because all things are unified, this idea over here in that room will somehow relate to that idea over there in the pink room."[25]

Interviewed at the Venice Film Festival, Laura Dern admitted that she did not know what Inland Empire was about or the role she was playing, but hoped that seeing the film's premiere at the festival would help her "learn more".[8] Justin Theroux has also stated that he "couldn't possibly tell you what the film's about, and at this point, I don't know that David Lynch could. It's become sort of a pastime—Laura [Dern] and I sit around on set trying to figure out what's going on."[15] In an NPR interview, Dern recounted a conversation she had with one of the movie's new producers, Jeremy Alter.[26] He asked if Lynch was joking when he requested a one-legged woman, a monkey and a lumberjack by 3:15. "Yeah, you're on a David Lynch movie, dude," Dern replied. "Sit back and enjoy the ride." Dern reported that by 4 p.m. they were shooting with the requested individuals.[26]

Financing and distribution

[edit]

Lynch financed much of the production from his own resources, with longtime artistic collaborator and ex-wife Mary Sweeney producing. The film was also partially financed by the French production company StudioCanal, which had provided funding for three previous Lynch films. StudioCanal wanted to enter the film in the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.[27] Instead, it premiered at Italy's Venice Film Festival on 6 September 2006, where David Lynch also received the Golden Lion lifetime achievement award for his "contributions to the art of cinema". The film premiered in the United States on 8 October 2006 at the New York Film Festival.[28] The film received a limited release in the US beginning on 15 December 2006; distribution was handled by the specialist company 518 Media.[29]

Lynch hoped to distribute the film independently, saying that with the entire industry changing, he thought he would attempt a new form of distribution as well.[30] He acquired the rights to the DVD and worked out a deal with StudioCanal in an arrangement that allowed him to distribute the film himself, through both digital and traditional means.[31] A North American DVD release occurred on 14 August 2007. Among other special features, the DVD included a 75-minute featurette, "More Things That Happened", which compiled footage elaborating on Sue's marriage to Smithy, her unpleasant life story, the Phantom's influence on women, and the lives of the prostitutes on Hollywood Boulevard. 15 years after the North American DVD release, The Criterion Collection announced a two-disc Blu-ray scheduled to release on 21 March 2023.

Soundtrack

[edit]
David Lynch's Inland Empire Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by
Various artists
Released11 September 2007
GenreSoundtrack, ambient, pop
Length79:26
LabelRyko, Absurda, David Lynch Music Company

Lynch contributed a number of his own compositions to the film's soundtrack, marking a departure from his frequent collaborations with composer Angelo Badalamenti.[32] His pieces range from minimalist ambient music to more pop-oriented tracks such as "Ghost of Love".[32] Polish composer Marek Zebrowski wrote music for the film, and acted as music consultant. The soundtrack includes the following musical pieces:[32]

  1. David Lynch – "Ghost of Love" (5:30)
  2. David Lynch – "Rabbits Theme" (0:59)
  3. Mantovani – "Colors of My Life" (3:50)
  4. David Lynch – "Woods Variation" (12:19)
  5. Dave Brubeck – "Three to Get Ready" (5:22)
  6. Boguslaw Schaeffer – "Klavier Konzert" (5:26)
  7. Kroke – "The Secrets of the Life Tree" (3:27)
  8. Little Eva – "The Locomotion" (2:24)
  9. Etta James – "At Last" (3:00)
  10. David Lynch – "Call from the Past" (2:58)
  11. Krzysztof Penderecki – "Als Jakob erwachte" (7:27)
  12. Witold Lutoslawski – "Novelette Conclusion" (excerpt) / Joey Altruda – "Lisa" (edit) (3:42)
  13. Beck – "Black Tambourine" (film version) (2:47)
  14. David Lynch – "Mansion Theme" (2:18)
  15. David Lynch – "Walkin' on the Sky" (4:04)
  16. David Lynch / Marek Zebrowski – "Polish Night Music No. 1" (4:18)
  17. David Lynch / Chrysta Bell – "Polish Poem" (5:55)
  18. Nina Simone – "Sinnerman" (edit) (6:40)

Release

[edit]

Distribution and box office

[edit]

The film was screened at several film festivals around the world, most notably the Venice Film Festival in Italy, New York Film Festival in New York, United States, the Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece, Camerimage Film Festival in Poland, Fajr International Film Festival in Iran, San Francisco Independent Film Festival in San Francisco, United States, International Film Festival Rotterdam in the Netherlands and the Festival Internacional de Cine Contemporáneo de la Ciudad de México in México City, Mexico.

In October 2006, Lynch bought U.S. distribution rights to the film from StudioCanal, which he will retain in any later deals made. The following month, he announced his intent to self-distribute the film theatrically via his company Absurda and 518 Media, stating, "A conventional distributor is a heartache, and I’m finished with that. With self-distribution, I’m able to shape the outcome of the film so much more." Lynch would also embark on a 10-city promotional tour in January 2007 with a cow, "I ate a lot of cheese during the film, and it made me happy. I’m looking forward to meeting theater owners and getting out among the people with the cow." Lynch signed a service deal with Rhino Entertainment, which distributed the film on home video with Ryko Distribution on 14 August 2007.[33][34]

518 Media released Inland Empire to two theaters in the United States on 6 December 2006, grossing a total of $27,508 over its opening weekend. It later expanded to its widest release of fifteen nationwide theaters, ultimately grossing $861,355 at the American box office. In other countries outside the United States, Inland Empire grossed $3,176,222, bringing the film's worldwide total gross to $4,037,577.[35] It was released on 20 August 2007 in the United Kingdom, by Optimum Releasing,[36] 4 October 2007 in the Benelux, by A-Film,[37] and 6 August 2008 in Australia, by Madman Entertainment.[38]

Critical reception

[edit]

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 72% based on 113 reviews, with an average score of 7.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Typical David Lynch fare: fans of the director will find Inland Empire seductive and deep. All others will consider the heady surrealism impenetrable and pointless."[9] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[39]

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times classified Inland Empire as "fitfully brilliant" after the New York Film Festival screening.[40] Peter Travers, the film critic for Rolling Stone magazine wrote, "My advice, in the face of such hallucinatory brilliance, is that you hang on."[41] The New Yorker was one of the few publications to offer any negative points about the film, calling it a "trenchant, nuanced film" that "quickly devolves into self-parody".[42] Jonathan Ross, presenter of the BBC programme Film 2007, described it as "a work of genius ... I think".[43] Damon Wise of Empire magazine gave it five stars, calling it "A dazzling and exquisitely original riddle as told by an enigma"[44] and Jim Emerson (editor of RogerEbert.com) gave it 4 stars out of 4: "When people say Inland Empire is Lynch's Sunset Boulevard, Lynch's Persona or Lynch's 8½, they're quite right, but it also explicitly invokes connections to Stanley Kubrick's The Shining, Jean-Luc Godard's Pierrot le Fou, Buñuel and Dalí's Un Chien Andalou, Maya Deren's LA-experimental Meshes of the Afternoon (a Lynch favorite) and others".[45] However, Carina Chocano of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "the film, which begins promisingly, disappears down so many rabbit holes (one of them involving actual rabbits) that eventually it just disappears for good".[46]

Dern received near-universal acclaim for her performance, with many reviews describing it as her finest to date. Lynch attempted to promote Dern's chances of an Academy Award for Best Actress nomination at the 2007 Academy Awards by campaigning with a live cow,[47] though she was ultimately not nominated for the award.[48]

Restoration by Janus Films

[edit]

Inland Empire was restored and remastered by Janus Films in 2022, and was screened throughout the year beginning on April 8.[49][50] The restoration of the film and soundtrack was overseen by David Lynch.[13] For the restoration the original upscaled HD footage from the editing process was first downscaled back to standard definition to discard "false detail", then converted to 4K using an AI upscaling algorithm.[51]

Accolades

[edit]
Category – Recipient(s)
National Society of Film Critics Awards Best Experimental Film – Inland Empire[52]
Venice Film Festival Future Film Festival Digital Award – David Lynch[53]
Category – Nominee(s)
National Society of Film Critics Awards Best Actress – Laura Dern[54]
New York Film Critics Online Awards Best Picture – Inland Empire[54]
Toronto Film Critics Association Awards Best Actress – Laura Dern[54]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Inland Empire (2007)". UniFrance. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Inland Empire (15)". British Board of Film Classification. 2 January 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  3. ^ "Oscar campaigning gets quirky with "Inland Empire"". The Hollywood Reporter. 4 January 2007.
  4. ^ "Inland Empire (2006) – Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Inland Empire (2006) – Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  6. ^ "Inland Empire (2006) – Financial Information". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  7. ^ Jensen, Jeff (1 December 2006). "David Lynch wants to get in your bloodstream". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  8. ^ a b c d "David Lynch given lifetime award". bbc.co.uk. 6 September 2006. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  9. ^ a b "Inland Empire". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  10. ^ "Cahiers du Cinema: Top Ten Lists 1951–2009". alumnus.caltech.edu. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  11. ^ "Sight & Sound's films of the decade". Sight & Sound. BFI. 6 June 2012. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  12. ^ Leigh, Danny (22 December 2009). "The view: The 10 most underrated movies of the decade | Film". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  13. ^ a b c d Perez, Rodrigo (24 March 2022). "'Inland Empire' Restoration Trailer: David Lynch's Surreal DV Nightmare Comes Back To Theaters In April". ThePlaylist.net. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  14. ^ Samardžija, Zoran (February 2010). "DavidLynch.com: Auteurship in the Age of the Internet and Digital Cinema" (PDF). Scope: An Online Journal of Film and Television Studies (16). Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  15. ^ a b c Blatter, Helene (3 September 2006). "David Lynch turns his eye to 'Inland Empire'". Riverside Press-Enterprise. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  16. ^ Guillen, Michael (24 January 2007). "Inland Empire—The San Rafael Film Center Q&A With David Lynch". Twitch Film. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
  17. ^ Egenes, Thomas; Reddy, Kumuda (2002). Eternal Stories from the Upanishads. New Delhi: Smrti Books. p. 71. ISBN 978-8-18-796707-1.
  18. ^ Bradshaw, Peter (9 March 2007). "Inland Empire – Film Review". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  19. ^ a b Fisher, Mark (2017). The Weird and the Eerie. Repeater Books. ISBN 978-1-91-092438-9. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  20. ^ a b Lim, Dennis (23 August 2007). "David Lynch Goes Digital: Inland Empire on DVD". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  21. ^ a b Jerslev, Anne (21 March 2012). "The post-perspectival: screens and time in David Lynch's Inland Empire". Journal of Aesthetics & Culture. 4 (1): 17298. doi:10.3402/jac.v4i0.17298.
  22. ^ Seibold, Witney (13 November 2022). "Why David Lynch Chose To Shoot Inland Empire Digitally". /Film. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  23. ^ Dawtrey, Adam (11 May 2005). "Lynch invades an 'Empire'; Digital pic details a mystery". Variety.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014.
  24. ^ a b Blair, Ian (1 February 2007). "Director's Chair: David Lynch – 'Inland Empire'". Post Magazine. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  25. ^ Attwood, Chris; Roth, Robert (September 2005). "A Dog's Trip to the Chocolate Shop – David Lynch". Healthy Wealthy N' Wise. Archived from the original on 1 December 2005.
  26. ^ a b Shea, Andrea (17 December 2006). "David Lynch's Latest Endeavor Breaks New Ground". NPR Weekend Edition Sunday.
  27. ^ "David Lynch continues work on DV project Inland Empire". MovieWeb. 12 May 2005. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  28. ^ "David Lynch Announces Distribution Partnerships and Theatrical Release Dates for Inland Empire". PR Newswire. 15 November 2006. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  29. ^ "Inland Empire release details". ComingSoon.net. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018.
  30. ^ "David Lynch to Self-Distribute Inland Empire". MovieWeb. 10 October 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  31. ^ Goldstein, Gregg (11 October 2006). "Filmmaker Lynch to self-distribute 'Inland Empire'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  32. ^ a b c "Inland Empire [Soundtrack] – Review". AllMusic. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  33. ^ "Inland Empire". Ryko Distribution. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007.
  34. ^ Goldstein, Gregg (16 November 2006). "Lynch set to self-release 'Empire'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  35. ^ "Inland Empire (2006)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  36. ^ "Play.com – Buy Inland Empire". Play.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  37. ^ "[Details of BE & NL DVD release]". A-Film. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.
  38. ^ "Inland Empire". madman.com.au. Archived from the original on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  39. ^ "Inland Empire – Reviews, Ratings, Credits and More". Metacritic. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  40. ^ Dargis, Manohla (6 October 2006). "At the New York Film Festival, a Global Glimpse of the State of the Cinema". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  41. ^ Travers, Peter (21 November 2006). "Inland Empire Review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 8 December 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
  42. ^ Brody, Richard (11 December 2006). "Inland Empire: The Film File". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008.
  43. ^ Ross, Jonathan (5 May 2007). "Inland Empire review". Film 2007. BBC One. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  44. ^ Wise, Damon (23 February 2007). "Inland Empire". Empire. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  45. ^ Emerson, Jim (25 January 2007). "Inland Empire". rogerebert.suntimes.com. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  46. ^ Chocano, Carina (15 December 2006). "Inland Empire". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 December 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
  47. ^ Romanelli, Alex (15 November 2006). "Lynch, cow campaign for Oscar; Helmer touts 'Inland Empire' thesp Dern, cheese". variety.com. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
  48. ^ "David Lynch interview - INLAND EMPIRE Review". Film 2007. 7 March 2007. Event occurs at 3m22s. Retrieved 12 January 2023 – via YouTube.
  49. ^ Pak, J. P.; Zufelt, Sebastian (12 April 2022). "Review: David Lynch embraces the digital age in 'Inland Empire'". Washington Square News. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  50. ^ "Screening Schedule". Inland Empire official. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  51. ^ "Inland Empire Remastering Note" (PDF). Janus Films. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  52. ^ "Past Awards". National Society of Film Critics. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  53. ^ "Premio Future Film Festival Digital Award – 65. Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica" [Future Film Festival Digital Award – 65. Venice International Film Festival]. Future Film Festival (in Italian). 5 September 2008. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  54. ^ a b c "Inland Empire – Cast, Crew, Director and Awards". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2013. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
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