1904–05 United States Senate elections
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30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 46 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results of the elections: Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Legislature failed to elect | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1904–05 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President Theodore Roosevelt's landslide election to a full term and the 1904 House of Representatives elections. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1904 and 1905, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
Party share of seats remained roughly the same, when including vacancies and appointments, and the Republicans retained a significant majority over the Democrats.
Special elections were held in Indiana and Massachusetts, in the former due to the ascension of Charles Fairbanks to the Vice Presidency and in the latter due to the death of longtime Senator George Hoar.
In Georgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 59th Congress on March 4. In Delaware the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until June 1906.
Results summary
[edit]Senate party division, 59th Congress (1905–1907)
- Majority party: Republican (58)
- Minority party: Democratic (32)
- Other parties: (0)
- Total seats: 90
Change in Senate composition
[edit]Before the elections
[edit]At the beginning of 1904.
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
| D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
| D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 |
| R56 Retired |
R57 Retired |
D33 Retired |
D32 Ran |
D31 Ran |
D30 Ran |
D29 Ran |
D28 Ran |
D27 Ran |
D26 |
| R55 Retired |
R54 Retired |
R53 Retired |
R52 Retired |
R51 Ran but died |
R50 Ran |
R49 Ran |
R48 Ran |
R47 Ran |
R46 Ran |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| R36 Ran |
R37 Ran |
R38 Ran |
R39 Ran |
R40 Ran |
R41 Ran |
R42 Ran |
R43 Ran |
R44 Ran |
R45 Ran |
| R35 Ran |
R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
| R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
| R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | |||||
Result of the general elections
[edit]| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
| D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
| D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 |
| R56 Gain |
V1 R Loss |
V2 D Loss |
V3 D Loss |
D31 Gain |
D30 Re-elected |
D29 Re-elected |
D28 Re-elected |
D27 Re-elected |
D26 |
| R55 Hold |
R54 Hold |
R53 Hold |
R52 Hold |
R51 Hold |
R50 Hold |
R49 Hold |
R48 Re-elected |
R47 Re-elected |
R46 Re-elected |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| R36 Re-elected |
R37 Re-elected |
R38 Re-elected |
R39 Re-elected |
R40 Re-elected |
R41 Re-elected |
R42 Re-elected |
R43 Re-elected |
R44 Re-elected |
R45 Re-elected |
| R35 Re-elected |
R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
| R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
| R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | |||||
Beginning of the next Congress
[edit]| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
| D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
| D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 |
| R56 | V1 | V2 | D32 Appointed |
D31 | D30 | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 |
| R55 | R54 | R53 | R52 | R51 | R50 | R49 | R48 | R47 | R46 |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| R36 | R37 | R38 | R39 | R40 | R41 | R42 | R43 | R44 | R45 |
| R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
| R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
| R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | |||||
| Key: |
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Race summaries
[edit]Elections during the 58th Congress
[edit]Special elections
[edit]In these elections, the winners were seated during 1904 or in 1905 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Ohio (Class 1) |
Mark Hanna | Republican | 1897 (Appointed) 1898 (special) 1898 |
Incumbent died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904.[2] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. |
|
| Pennsylvania (Class 1) |
Matthew Quay | Republican | 1887 1893 1899 (Failure to elect) 1899 (Appointed but disqualified) 1901 (special) |
Incumbent died May 28, 1904. New senator elected January 17, 1905.[citation needed] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. |
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| Massachusetts (Class 2) |
Winthrop M. Crane | Republican | 1904 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1905.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Indiana (Class 3) |
Charles W. Fairbanks | Republican | 1897 1903 |
Incumbent resigned March 3, 1905, to become U.S. Vice President. New senator elected January 18, 1905 to begin service on the first day of the new Congress. Republican hold. |
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Early elections
[edit]In these elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1907, in the 60th Congress; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Mississippi (Class 2) |
Anselm J. McLaurin | Democratic | 1894 (special) 1900 |
Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904. |
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| Louisiana (Class 2) |
Murphy J. Foster | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.[5] |
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Races leading to the 59th Congress
[edit]In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1905; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| California | Thomas R. Bard | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination New senator elected January 11, 1905.[3] Republican hold. |
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| Connecticut | Joseph Roswell Hawley | Republican | 1881 1887 1893 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905.[6] Republican hold. |
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| Delaware | L. Heisler Ball | Republican | 1903 (special) | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Seat would remain vacant until June 13, 1906. |
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| Florida | James Taliaferro | Democratic | 1899 (special) | Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent would be appointed to start the term. Appointee was later elected to finish the term, see below. |
[data missing] |
| Indiana | Albert J. Beveridge | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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| Maine | Eugene Hale | Republican | 1881 1887 1893 1899 |
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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| Maryland | Louis E. McComas | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 4, 1904. Democratic gain. |
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| Massachusetts | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican | 1893 1899 |
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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| Michigan | Julius C. Burrows | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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| Minnesota | Moses E. Clapp | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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| Mississippi | Hernando Money | Democratic | 1897 (Appointed) 1899 |
Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1904.[8] |
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| Missouri | Francis Cockrell | Democratic | 1874 1881 1887 1893 1899 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss.[3] |
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| Montana | Paris Gibson | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1905.[3] Republican gain. |
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| Nebraska | Charles Henry Dietrich | Republican | 1901 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905. Republican hold. |
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| Nevada | William Morris Stewart | Republican | 1887 1893 1899 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.[3] Republican hold. |
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| New Jersey | John Kean | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1905. |
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| New York | Chauncey Depew | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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| North Dakota | Porter J. McCumber | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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| Ohio | Marcus A. Hanna | Republican | 1897 (Appointed) 1898 (special) 1898 |
Incumbent re-elected, but died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904.[2] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above. |
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| Pennsylvania | Philander C. Knox | Republican | 1904 (Appointed) 1905 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
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| Rhode Island | Nelson W. Aldrich | Republican | 1881 (special) 1886 1892 1898 |
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] |
|
| Tennessee | William B. Bate | Democratic | 1887 1893 1899 |
Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1905.[3] |
|
| Texas | Charles Allen Culberson | Democratic | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[3] |
|
| Utah | Thomas Kearns | Republican | 1901 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1905.[3] Republican hold. |
|
| Vermont | Redfield Proctor | Republican | 1891 (Appointed) 1892 (special) 1892 1898 |
Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1904.[9] |
|
| Virginia | John W. Daniel | Democratic | 1887 1893 1899 |
Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1904.[4] |
|
| Washington | Addison G. Foster | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 27, 1905.[3] Republican hold. |
|
| West Virginia | Nathan B. Scott | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[3] |
|
| Wisconsin | Joseph V. Quarles | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.[10] Republican hold. |
|
| Wyoming | Clarence D. Clark | Republican | 1895 (special) 1899 |
Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[11] |
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Elections during the 59th Congress
[edit]In these elections, the winners were elected in 1905 after March 4; sorted by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Missouri (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected March 18, 1905. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
William B. Bate | Democratic | 1887 1893 1899 1905 |
Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died March 9, 1905. New senator elected March 21, 1905. Democratic hold. |
|
| Florida (Class 1) |
James Taliaferro | Democratic | 1899 (special) 1905 (Appointed) |
Legislature had failed to elect. Predecessor was appointed to begin the term. Interim appointee April 20, 1905. |
|
| Connecticut (Class 3) |
Orville H. Platt | Republican | 1879 1885 1891 1897 1903 |
Incumbent died April 21, 1905. New senator elected May 10, 1905. Republican hold. |
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Maryland
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
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80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Isidor Rayner defeated incumbent Louis E. McComas by a margin of 40.98%, or 50 votes for the Class 1 seat.[12]
New York
[edit]The 1905 election in New York was held on January 17, 1905, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Chauncey M. Depew had been elected to this seat in 1899, and his term would expire on March 3, 1905. At the State election in November 1904, large Republican majorities were elected for a two-year term (1905-1906) in the State Senate, and for the session of 1905 to the Assembly. The 128th State Legislature met from January 3, 1905, on at Albany, New York.
Late in 1904, Ex-Governor Frank S. Black tried to be nominated to succeed Depew. Black was supported by Governor Benjamin B. Odell Jr., but after intense fighting behind the scenes, Odell finally dropped Black and accepted Depew's re-election which had been supported by his fellow Senator Thomas C. Platt and Speaker S. Frederick Nixon. The Republican caucus met on January 16. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.
The Democratic caucus met also on January 16. They nominated again Smith M. Weed who had been the candidate of the Democratic minority in the U.S. Senate election of 1887.
| Candidate | First ballot |
|---|---|
| 42 | |
| D. Cady Herrick | 14 |
Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.
| Office | House | Republican | Democrat | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Senate (50 members) |
36 | Smith M. Weed | 13 | ||
| State Assembly (150 members) |
100 | Smith M. Weed | 44 | ||
Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
Pennsylvania
[edit]The election in Pennsylvania was held on January 17, 1905. Incumbent Philander C. Knox was elected by the Pennsylvania State Assembly to his first full term in the United States Senate.[13]
Republican Matthew Quay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate in the previous election in January 1901. He served until his death on May 28, 1904.[14] In June 1904, Republican Philander C. Knox was appointed to serve out the remainder of Quay's term, ending on March 4, 1905, when he began a term in his own right.[15]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate, convened on January 17, 1905, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1905. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Philander C. Knox (Incumbent) | 222 | 87.40 | |
| Democratic | James K. P. Hall | 23 | 9.06 | |
| N/A | Not voting | 9 | 3.54 | |
| Totals | 254 | 100.00% | ||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ a b c d "GEN. DICK SUCCEEDS HANNA". The New York Times. March 3, 1904. p. 9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1906. New York: The Press Publishing Co. New York World. 1905. p. 108.
- ^ a b Tribune Almanac 1905, p. 234.
- ^ a b Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.
- ^ a b "BULKELEY IN CONNECTICUT". The New York Times. January 18, 1905. p. 2.
- ^ a b "ELECTED LODGE AND W.M. CRANE". Boston Daily Globe. 18 Jan 1905. p. 2.
- ^ "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.
- ^ a b "SENATOR PROCTOR RE-ELECTED" (PDF). The New York Times. October 19, 1904. p. 1.
- ^ "Gov. La Follette Elected Senator". The New York Times. January 25, 1905. p. 5.
- ^ "Clark Returned for Another Term". The New York Times. January 25, 1905. p. 5.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Feb 04, 1904". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
- ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 17 January 1905" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "QUAY, Matthew Stanley, (1833–1904)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "KNOX, Philander Chase, (1853–1921)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "PA US Senate - 1905". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
References
[edit]- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- Rhoades, Henry Eckford; McPherson, Edward; Schem, A. J.; Ottarson, F. J.; Cleveland, John F.; Greeley, Horace (1905). The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1905. New York: The Tribune Association. pp. 233–234.
- The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1906. New York: The Tribune Association. 1906. pp. 244–246.
- New York
- "BLACK AND DEPEW SEE ODELL ON SENATORSHIP" (PDF). The New York Times. November 23, 1904.
- "ODELL FOR BLACK; OPEN WAR BEGINS" (PDF). The New York Times. December 16, 1904.
- "BLACK NOW A CANDIDATE, HIS ORGAN DECLARES" (PDF). The New York Times. December 18, 1904.
- "ODELL YIELDS TO DEPEW; SENATORSHIP FIGHT ENDS" (PDF). The New York Times. December 30, 1904.
- "DEPEW NAMED FOR SENATOR.; ...S.M. Weed Democratic Nominee" (PDF). The New York Times. January 17, 1905.
- "ANOTHER TERM FOR DEPEW" (PDF). The New York Times. January 18, 1905.
- Pennsylvania: Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.