Provisional Government of Saskatchewan
Provisional Government of Saskatchewan Gouvernement provisoire de la Saskatchewan (French) | |||||||||||||
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| 1885–1885 | |||||||||||||
 Flag | |||||||||||||
.jpg) A 1900 map showing the District of Saskatchewan at its greatest extent | |||||||||||||
| Status | Unrecognized state, Provisional Government | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Batoche | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | French (Métis French), Michif, Cree | ||||||||||||
| Government | Republic under a military dictatorship | ||||||||||||
| Spiritual Leader [Unofficial] | |||||||||||||
• 1885 | Louis Riel | ||||||||||||
| Military Leader | |||||||||||||
• 1885 | Gabriel Dumont | ||||||||||||
| President of the Exovedate | |||||||||||||
• 1885 | Pierre Parenteau | ||||||||||||
| Legislature | Exovedate | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Established | March 19 1885 | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | May 20 1885 | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Canada - Saskatchewan | ||||||||||||
The Provisional Government of Saskatchewan was an independent state declared during the North-West Rebellion of 1885 in the District of Saskatchewan of the North-West Territories. It included parts of the present-day Canadian provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The name was given by Louis Riel. Although Riel initially hoped to rally the Countryborn, Cree, and European settlers of the Saskatchewan Valley to his banner, this did not occur. The government, with the exception of Honoré Jaxon and Chief White Cap, had an entirely French-speaking and Métis leadership. Gabriel Dumont was proclaimed adjutant general in which capacity he became supreme military commander, although Riel could, and did, override his tactical decisions. The Provisional Government was declared by Riel on March 19, 1885.[1] It ceased to exist following the defeat of the Métis militarily during the Battle of Batoche, which concluded on May 20, 1885. During its existence the government only exercised authority over the Southbranch Settlements along the South Saskatchewan River. Other major centres in the area such as Prince Albert, Saskatoon, and most First Nations reserves remained outside of its control.
Exovedate
[edit]The governing council was named the Exovedate, Latin for "of the flock", and debated issues ranging from military policy to local bylaws and theological issues. It met at Batoche, Saskatchewan, and only exercised real authority during its existence over the Southbranch Settlement. The members, called Exovedes, were acclaimed by Gabriel Dumont (elected head of the military) on the 19th of March. Pierre Parenteau was made its president.[2]
The provisional government collapsed with the fall of Batoche (see Battle of Batoche) and Riel was captured a few days later. Gabriel Dumont escaped to Montana.
Legacy
[edit]BATOCHE. In 1872, Xavier Letendre dit Batoche founded a village at this site where Métis freighters crossed the South Saskatchewan River. About 50 families had claimed the river lots in the area by 1884. Widespread anxiety regarding land claims and a changing economy provoked a resistance against the Canadian Government. Here, 300 Métis and Indians led by Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont fought a force of 800 men commanded by Major-General Middleton between May 9 and 12, 1885. The resistance failed but the battle did not mean the end of the community of Batoche.
Historic Sites and Monuments board of Canada. Government of Canada [3]
Batoche, where the Métis Provisional Government had been formed, has been declared a National Historic Site. Batoche marks the site of Gabriel Dumont's grave site, Albert Caron's House, Batoche school, Batoche cemetery, Letendre store, Gabriels river crossing, Gardepy's crossing, Batoche crossing, St. Antoine de Padoue Church, Métis rifle pits, and RNWMP battle camp.[4][5]
In the spring of 2008, Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport Minister Christine Tell proclaimed in Duck lake, that "the 125th commemoration, in 2010, of the 1885 North-West Resistance is an excellent opportunity to tell the story of the prairie Métis and First Nations peoples' struggle with Government forces and how it has shaped Canada today."[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Louis Riel: A Brief Chronology" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
- ^ Woodcock, George (2003). Gabriel Dumont: The Métis Chief and His Lost World. broadview Press. p. 175. ISBN 1-55111-575-1.
- ^ Historic Sites and Monuments board of Canada. Government of Canada (21 Nov 2004). "Welcome To Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Region Gen Web Batoche / Fish Creek Photo Gallery". Saskatoon Gen Web. online by Julia Adamson. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ "Batoche The Virtual Museum of Métis History and Culture". Gabriel Dumont Institute of Native Studies and Applied Research. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ "Parks Canada Batoche National Historic Site of Canada". Government of Canada. 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ "Tourism agencies to celebrate the 125th anniversary of the Northwest Resistance/Rebellion". Home/About Government/News Releases/June 2008. Government of Saskatchewan. June 7, 2008. Archived from the original on October 21, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
External links
[edit]- Political history of Saskatchewan
- North-West Rebellion
- 19th century in Saskatchewan
- 1885 establishments in Canada
- 1880s disestablishments in Canada
- 1885 disestablishments in North America
- Former countries in North America
- Former unrecognized countries
- Former republics
- Provisional governments
- States and territories established in 1885
- Military dictatorships
- States and territories disestablished in 1885