Electoral district in New Zealand
Napier is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate , returning one Member of Parliament to the House of Representatives . It is named after the city of Napier , the main urban area within the electorate. The electorate was established for the 1861 election and has existed since. It has been held by Katie Nimon of the New Zealand National Party since the 2023 general election . It was held by Stuart Nash of the New Zealand Labour Party from the 2014 general election until 2023, when he did not stand for re-election.
The electorate includes the following population centres:
The electorate was created in 1861, and preceded by the Wairarapa and Hawke's Bay electorate from 1853 to 1860 and then briefly the County of Hawke electorate in 1860. It was a two-member electorate from 1876 to 1881.
The first representative was Henry Powning Stark , who won the election on 19 February 1861.[2]
There were speculations that Douglas Maclean would be the conservative candidate in the Napier electorate in the 1890 election upon his return from England instead of George Swan , but this was not correct.[3] Swan contested the election and was successful against the Liberal Party candidate Michael Gannon.[5] In the 1893 election , Swan was challenged by the Liberal Party candidate Samuel Carnell , with the latter being successful against the incumbent.[7] In the 1896 election , Carnell in turn was challenged by the conservative candidate Douglas Maclean, with Maclean achieving a large majority against the incumbent.[9]
In the 1931 election , the incumbent, Bill Barnard of the Labour Party , was challenged by John Butler of the Reform Party as the official candidate of the United–Reform Coalition , and United Party member Vigor Brown as an Independent. Brown, at the time Mayor of Napier and previously MP for Napier for many years, withdrew just before the election, but too late for his name to be excluded from the ballot papers.[10] The election was won by Barnard.[11]
Labour's Russell Fairbrother was first elected in the electorate in the 2002 election , replacing long-standing MP Geoff Braybrooke . In the 2005 election , Chris Tremain defeated Fairbrother, winning the electorate for the National Party for the first time since the 1951 election .[12] In the 2008 election , Tremain retained the electorate with an increased majority over Fairbrother.[13] In the 2011 election , Tremain beat Labour's Stuart Nash .[14]
Tremain announced in September 2013 that he would not contest the 2014 election.[15] Wayne Walford succeeded Tremain as National's candidate for the seat,[16] Nash contested the electorate for the Labour Party for the second time, and Garth McVicar stood for the Conservative Party . McVicar had a high-profile due to his previous involvement with the Sensible Sentencing Trust lobby group. In July 2014, Walford was referred to Police by the Electoral Commission for breaching the Electoral Act by failing to display an authorisation statement on his campaign vehicle.[17]
Nash had a majority of 3,850 votes over Walford.[18] McVicar's 7,603 votes split the traditional National Party votes (24.8% of electors who gave their party vote to National gave their electorate vote to McVicar, a total of 4,465 votes),[19] which helped Nash win the election.[18] [20] [21]
Members of Parliament [ edit ]
Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at a general election.
Key
Independent
Conservative
Liberal
Labour
Reform
Democratic Labour
National
ACT
single-member electorate [ edit ]
multi-member electorate [ edit ]
single-member electorate [ edit ]
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Napier electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
2023 general election results: Napier[22]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
National
Katie Nimon
21,344
52.83
+15.79
16,670
40.76
+12.86
Labour
Mark Hutchinson
12,474
30.88
-20.17
10,810
26.43
-24.16
Green
Julienne Dickey
2,190
5.42
+0.76
3,476
8.50
+2.68
NZ First
Laurie Turnbull
1,729
4.28
—
2,794
6.83
+4.69
ACT
Pawel Milewski
1,211
3.00
+0.70
4,503
11.01
+2.89
DemocracyNZ
Martin Langford
765
1.90
—
205
0.50
—
Independent
John Clive Smith
258
0.64
+0.17
Opportunities
621
1.52
+0.25
New Zealand Loyal
514
1.26
—
Te Pāti Māori
380
0.93
+0.65
NewZeal
215
0.53
+0.36
Legalise Cannabis
199
0.49
+0.07
Freedoms NZ
79
0.19
—
Animal Justice
69
0.17
—
New Conservatives
44
0.11
-1.34
Women's Rights
36
0.09
—
Leighton Baker Party
26
0.06
—
New Nation
18
0.04
—
Informal votes
429
240
Total valid votes
40,400
40,899
National gain from Labour
Majority
8,870
21.95
+15.79
2020 general election : Napier[23]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
Labour
Y Stuart Nash
21,325
51.06
-3.17
21,245
50.59
+12.76
National
Katie Nimon
15,469
37.04
-3.49
11,718
27.90
-18.30
Green
James Crow
1,948
4.66
+1.03
2,444
5.82
+0.82
New Conservative
Deborah Burnside
1,032
2.47
+1.87
611
1.45
+1.08
ACT
Judy Kendall
962
2.30
—
3,410
8.12
+7.73
Independent
John Clive Smith
197
0.47
—
Independent
Camden Gaskin
92
0.22
—
NZ First
899
2.14
-5.06
Opportunities
537
1.27
-0.63
Advance NZ
355
0.84
—
Legalise Cannabis
179
0.42
+0.12
Māori Party
118
0.28
-0.12
ONE
72
0.17
—
Outdoors
39
0.09
+0.02
Vision NZ
24
0.05
—
Sustainable NZ
21
0.05
—
Social Credit
13
0.03
-0.03
TEA
11
0.03
—
Heartland
8
0.01
—
Informal votes
722
287
Total valid votes
41,757
41,991
Labour hold
Majority
5,856
14.02
+0.33
2017 general election : Napier[24]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
Labour
Y Stuart Nash
20,677
54.23
+11.82
14,681
37.83
+11.97
National
David Elliott
15,457
40.53
+8.77
17,929
46.20
−2.99
Green
Damon Rusden
1,386
3.63
−0.14
1,938
5.00
−3.75
Māori Party
Maryanne Marsters
308
0.81
—
154
0.40
−0.04
Conservative
Laurence Day
230
0.60
−20.42
145
0.37
−5.83
Democrats
Karl Matthys
72
0.19
+0.05
25
0.06
−0.01
NZ First
2,794
7.20
−0.20
Opportunities
739
1.90
—
ACT
152
0.39
+0.11
Legalise Cannabis
116
0.30
−0.12
Ban 1080
38
0.10
−0.06
People's Party
32
0.08
—
Outdoors
28
0.07
—
United Future
19
0.05
−0.12
Mana
11
0.03
−0.57[b]
Internet
3
0.01
−0.59[c]
Informal votes
324
119
Total valid votes
38,130
38,804
Turnout
38,923
Labour hold
Majority
5,220
13.69
+3.05
2014 general election : Napier[25]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
Labour
Stuart Nash
15,343
42.41
+1.42
9,466
25.86
−3.40
National
Wayne Walford
11,493
31.77
−20.34
18,005
49.19
+0.42
Conservative
Garth McVicar
7,603
21.02
+19.01
2,270
6.20
+2.85
Green
Paul Bailey
1,363
3.77
−0.24
3,198
8.74
−1.07
Alliance
Mary O'Neil
59
0.16
+0.02
Democrats
Bary Pulford
51
0.14
+0.14
27
0.07
+0.02
NZ First
2,709
7.40
+1.82
Internet Mana
219
0.60
+0.36[d]
Māori Party
160
0.44
−0.17
Legalise Cannabis
153
0.42
−0.10
ACT
103
0.28
−0.78
United Future
63
0.17
−0.43
Ban 1080
58
0.16
+0.16
Civilian
16
0.04
+0.04
Independent Coalition
7
0.02
+0.02
Focus
6
0.02
+0.02
Informal votes
236
145
Total valid votes
36,175
36,605
Turnout
36,605
80.36
+3.76
Labour gain from National
Majority
3,850
10.64
+21.76
2011 general election : Napier[14]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
National
Y Chris Tremain
17,337
52.11
-7.58
16,538
48.77
+1.51
Labour
Stuart Nash
13,636
40.99
+7.05
9,921
29.26
-6.31
Green
Paul Edward Bailey
1,334
4.01
-1.13
3,327
9.81
+4.26
Conservative
Roy Brown
668
2.01
+2.01
1,137
3.35
+3.35
ACT
John Ormond
159
0.48
-0.74
359
1.06
-2.59
Mana
Rod Paul
86
0.26
+0.26
83
0.24
+0.24
Alliance
Mary O'Neill
48
0.14
+0.14
34
0.10
-0.03
NZ First
1,893
5.58
+1.88
Māori Party
207
0.61
-0.16
United Future
203
0.60
-0.002
Legalise Cannabis
175
0.52
+0.14
Democrats
16
0.05
+0.02
Libertarianz
14
0.04
+0.002
Informal votes
678
321
Total valid votes
33,268
33,907
National hold
Majority
3,701
11.12
-14.64
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 44,266[26]
2008 general election : Napier[13]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
National
Y Chris Tremain
20,898
59.70
+8.73
16,772
47.26
+4.94
Labour
Russell Fairbrother
11,880
33.94
-6.83
12,621
35.57
-5.43
Green
Brett Stansfield
1,801
5.14
+1.20
1,969
5.55
+0.32
ACT
John Ormond
428
1.22
1,296
3.65
+2.56
NZ First
1,314
3.70
-1.88
Māori Party
272
0.77
+0.35
Progressive
269
0.76
-0.13
United Future
213
0.60
-1.85
Kiwi
212
0.60
Bill and Ben
207
0.58
Legalise Cannabis
132
0.37
+0.15
Family Party
67
0.19
Alliance
47
0.13
+0.05
Pacific
43
0.12
Workers Party
18
0.05
Libertarianz
14
0.04
+0.01
Democrats
8
0.02
-0.02
RAM
7
0.02
RONZ
5
0.01
±0.00
Informal votes
358
169
Total valid votes
35,007
35,486
National hold
Majority
9,018
25.76
+15.57
2005 general election : Napier[12]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
National
Chris Tremain
17,955
50.53
15,086
42.17
Labour
N Russell Fairbrother
14,364
40.42
14,615
40.85
Green
Terry Creighton
1,391
3.91
1,864
5.21
NZ First
James Mist
855
2.40
1,989
5.56
United Future
Graham Turner
473
1.30
872
2.44
ACT
390
1.09
Progressive
316
0.88
Destiny
193
0.54
Māori Party
150
0.42
Legalise Cannabis
80
0.22
Christian Heritage
44
0.12
Alliance
29
0.08
Democrats
16
0.04
Libertarianz
11
0.03
Direct Democracy
11
0.03
One NZ
11
0.03
99 MP
8
0.02
Family Rights
6
0.02
RONZ
5
0.01
Informal votes
305
129
Total valid votes
35,536
35,777
National gain from Labour
Majority
3,591
2002 general election : Napier[27]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
Labour
Russell Fairbrother
14,659
46.24
14,853
45.63
+1.36
National
Anne Tolley
10,502
33.13
+9.20
6,074
18.66
-7.86
Green
Terry Creighton
1,872
5.62
2,023
6.21
+1.48
United Future
Graham Turner
1,569
4.95
1,977
6.07
ACT
Donna Awatere Huata
1,381
4.36
2,061
6.33
+0.49
Alliance
Maxine Boag
686
2.16
411
1.26
-9.46
Christian Heritage
Colin Barr
616
1.94
515
1.58
-0.79
One NZ
John Bull
506
1.60
119
0.37
+0.32
NZ First
3,045
9.36
+6.82
ORNZ
805
2.47
Progressive
492
1.51
Legalise Cannabis
164
0.50
-0.55
Mana Māori
6
0.02
+0.01
NMP
6
0.02
0.00
Informal votes
801
112
Total valid votes
31,701
32,551
Labour hold
Majority
4,157
13.11
-22.91
1999 general election : Napier
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
Labour
Y Geoff Braybrooke
19,743
59.95
+4.87
14,684
44.27
+9.59
National
Anne Tolley
7,880
23.93
8,797
26.52
-2.89
Alliance
Robin Gwynn
2,242
6.81
-2.08
3,555
10.72
-1.38
Green
Angie Denby
1,169
3.55
1,569
4.73
ACT
Mel Chandler
623
1.89
1,936
5.84
+0.49
Christian Heritage
Bob Davis
513
1.56
785
2.37
NZ First
Lyola Randell-Cotter
305
0.93
844
2.54
-8.81
Christian Democrats
Allana Hiha
264
0.80
294
0.89
Independent
Laurance McGregor
195
0.59
Legalise Cannabis
349
1.05
-1.02
United NZ
110
0.33
-0.22
Libertarianz
102
0.31
+0.30
Animals First
67
0.20
0.00
McGillicuddy Serious
25
0.08
-0.10
One NZ
16
0.05
Natural Law
13
0.04
-0.10
The People's Choice
8
0.02
NMP
5
0.02
Republican
5
0.02
Mana Māori
3
0.01
-0.01
Mauri Pacific
2
0.01
South Island
2
0.01
Freedom Movement
0
0.00
Informal votes
533
296
Total valid votes
32,934
33,171
Labour hold
Majority
11,863
36.02
+4.53
1996 general election : Napier[28] [29] [30]
Notes:
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively.
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Party votes
%
±%
Labour
Y Geoff Braybrooke
17,756
55.11
11,266
34.68
National
Kathryn Ward
7,610
23.62
9,554
29.41
Alliance
Robin Gwynn
2,865
8.89
3,931
12.10
NZ First
Stuart Spencer
2,567
7.97
3,687
11.35
ACT
Jean Hill
1,285
3.99
1,738
5.35
Natural Law
Ian Levingston
134
0.42
46
0.14
Christian Coalition
1,167
3.59
Legalise Cannabis
674
2.07
United NZ
180
0.55
Animals First
65
0.20
Progressive Green
63
0.19
McGillicuddy Serious
57
0.18
Green Society
19
0.06
Superannuitants & Youth
18
0.06
Ethnic Minority Party
6
0.02
Advance New Zealand
5
0.02
Mana Māori
5
0.02
Asia Pacific United
4
0.01
Conservatives
2
0.01
Libertarianz
2
0.01
Te Tawharau
0
0.00
Informal votes
394
121
Total valid votes
32,217
32,490
Labour hold
Majority
10,146
31.49
^ Awatere Huata was expelled from serving as a list MP on 19 November 2004.
^ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
^ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
^ "The Elections" . Hawke's Bay Herald . Vol. 4, no. 179. 23 February 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 24 January 2014 .
^ "Election News" . Poverty Bay Herald . Vol. XVIII, no. 5902. 22 October 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 21 May 2013 .
^ "The General Election, 1890" . National Library. 1891. p. 1. Retrieved 25 February 2012 .
^ "The General Election, 1893" . National Library. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 25 February 2012 .
^ "The General Election" . Poverty Bay Herald . Vol. XXIII, no. 7794. 5 December 1896. p. 2. Retrieved 21 May 2013 .
^ "Candidate Withdraws" . Auckland Star . Vol. LXII, no. 279. 25 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 26 November 2014 .
^ a b The General Election, 1931 . Government Printer. 1932. p. 4. Retrieved 2 November 2014 .
^ a b "Official Count Results – Napier" . Wellington: Chief Electoral Office. 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2012 .
^ a b "Official Count Results – Napier" . Wellington: Chief Electoral Office. 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2012 .
^ a b "Official Count Results – Napier" . Wellington: Chief Electoral Office. 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2012 .
^ "Chris Tremain Not Contesting 2014 Election" . Scoop. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013 .
^ Watkins, Tracy (10 March 2014). "Labour announces Chch Central candidate" . The Press . p. A2. Retrieved 10 March 2014 .
^ "Referral to the Police 21 July 2014" . Electoral Commission . 21 July 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014 .
^ a b "Election Results – Napier" . Electoral Commission . 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014 .
^ "2014 General Election Split Voting Statistics – Napier" . Electoral Commission . Retrieved 5 December 2014 .
^ Hendery, Simon (20 September 2014). "Napier returns to Labour, Nash returns to Parliament" . Hawke's Bay Today . Retrieved 22 September 2014 .
^ Wills, Bruce (22 September 2014). "Bruce Wills: Crucial factors show the best team won" . Hawke's Bay Today . Retrieved 22 September 2014 .
^ "Napier – Preliminary Count" . New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^ "Official Count Results – Napier" . New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 12 November 2020 .
^ "Official Count Results (2017) – Napier" . Electoral Commission . 7 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017 .
^ "Official Count Results – Napier (2014)" . Electoral Commission . Retrieved 24 July 2015 .
^ "Enrolment statistics" . Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011 .
^ 2002 election results
^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Napier, 1996" (PDF) . Retrieved 20 July 2013 .
^ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF) . Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013 .
^ "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF) . Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013 .
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 67.
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 71.
^ "The General Election, 1949" . National Library . 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014 .
^ "The General Election, 1946" . National Library . 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014 .
^
"The General Election, 1943" . National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014 .
^ "The General Election, 1938" . National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012 .
^ The General Election, 1935 . National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013 .
^ The General Election, 1928 . Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 25 April 2015 .
^ The General Election, 1925 . Government Printer. 1926. p. 3. Retrieved 25 April 2015 .
^ Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922 . Government Printer. p. 2. Retrieved 6 December 2014 .
^ "An Amazing Statement" . Maoriland Worker . Vol. 12, no. 301. 6 December 1922. p. 3. Retrieved 19 December 2014 .
^ "Recruit for Reform" . The New Zealand Herald . Vol. LIX, no. 18254. 22 November 1922. p. 11. Retrieved 18 December 2014 .
^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919 . National Library . p. 2. Retrieved 26 April 2015 .
^ "Notice of Nominations Received" . Hawke's Bay Tribune . Vol. IX, no. 303. 9 December 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 16 October 2015 .
^ "Napier" . Hawera & Normanby Star . Vol. LXXIV. 7 November 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 16 October 2015 .
^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914 . National Library . p. 10. Retrieved 25 April 2015 .
^ "General Election" . The Press . Vol. L, no. 15116. 4 November 1914. p. 7. Retrieved 16 October 2015 .
^ The General Election, 1905 . National Library . 1906. p. 2. Retrieved 4 December 2014 .
^ "Personal Matters" . The Evening Post . Vol. LXX, no. 61. 9 September 1905. p. 5. Retrieved 10 October 2015 .
^ "Deaths" . The Evening Post . Vol. CXXVIII, no. 72. 22 September 1939. p. 1. Retrieved 10 October 2015 .
^ The General Election, 1902 . National Library . 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2014 .
^ "Electoral District of Napier" . Hawke's Bay Herald . Vol. XXXVII, no. 12308. 1 December 1902. p. 3. Retrieved 10 October 2015 .
^ "The General Election, 1899" . Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 1. Retrieved 12 February 2014 .
^ The General Election, 1893 . Government Printer. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013 .
^ "The General Election" . Otago Daily Times . 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013 .
^ "The General Election, 1890" . National Library . 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012 .
^ Oliver, Steven. "Kate Wyllie" . Dictionary of New Zealand Biography . Ministry for Culture and Heritage . Retrieved 19 January 2019 .
^ "Napier Election" . Hawke's Bay Herald . Vol. XX, no. 3885. 22 February 1877. p. 2. Retrieved 21 January 2019 .
^ "Local Intelligence" . Hawke's Bay Herald . Vol. 4, no. 198. 6 July 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 1 May 2013 .
^ "To the Editor of the Hawke's Bay Herald" . Hawke's Bay Herald . Vol. 4, no. 201. 27 July 1861. p. 3. Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
^ "Notice" . Hawke's Bay Herald . Vol. 4, no. 188. 27 April 1861. p. 6. Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
^ "Sealy, Henry Bowman" . Early New Zealand Photographers and their successors. Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
^ a b "Local Intelligence" . Hawke's Bay Herald . Vol. 4, no. 197. 29 June 1861. p. 4. Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand . Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8 .
Mansfield, F. W. (1912). The General Election, 1911 . National Library . Retrieved 25 April 2015 .
Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science . Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8 .
Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103 .
North Island South Island Māori