1912–13 United States Senate elections

1912–13 United States Senate elections
32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate; 49 seats needed for a majority
	Results of the elections:; Democratic gain Democratic hold; Republican gain Republican hold; No election
Majority conference chairman before election; Shelby Moore Cullom; Republican	Elected Majority conference chairman ; John W. Kern; Democratic

The 1912–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. They were the last U.S. Senate elections before the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, establishing direct elections for all Senate seats. Senators had been primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1912 and 1913, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.^[1] Some states elected their senators directly even before passage of Seventeenth Amendment. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. The Democrats gained control of the Senate for the first time in 20 years. Of the 32 seats up for election, 17 were won by Democrats, thereby gaining 4 seats from the Republicans. Two seats were unfilled by state legislators who failed to elect a new senator on time.

These elections coincided with Democrat Woodrow Wilson's victory in the presidential election amid a divide in the Republican Party. In the Senate, Joseph M. Dixon and Miles Poindexter defected from the Republican Party and joined Theodore Roosevelt's new Progressive Party. Dixon, however, lost his seat during this election.

Results summary

Parties		Total Seats
		Incumbents	This election						Result	+/-
		Incumbents	Not up	Up	Re- elected	Held	Gained	Lost	Result	+/-
	Democratic	43	30	13	5	5	7	2	47	4
	Republican	52	33	19	6	4	2	7	45	7
	Others	0	0	0	0	0			0
	Vacant	1	1	0			3		4	3
Total		96	64	32	11	9	12	9	96	3

Change in composition

Before the elections

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇ Ala. Ran	D₂₈ Ariz. New seat
D₃₈ S.C. Ran	D₃₇ Okla. Ran	D₃₆ N.C. Ran	D₃₅ Miss. Ran	D₃₄ Maine (sp) Maine (reg) Ran	D₃₃ La. Ran	D₃₂ Ky. Retired	D₃₁ Ga. Ran	D₃₀ Ark. Retired	D₂₉ Ariz. New seat
D₃₉ Tex. Retired	D₄₀ Va. (reg) Ran	D₄₁ Va. (sp) Ran	D₄₂ W.Va. Ran	V₁ Colo. (sp) Died	V₂ Ill. (sp)	R₅₂ Wyo. Ran	R₅₁ Tenn. Retired	R₅₀ S.D. Ran	R₄₉ R.I. Retired
Majority →									R₄₉ R.I. Retired
R₃₉ Mass. Retired	R₄₀ Mich. Ran	R₄₁ Minn. Ran	R₄₂ Mont. Ran	R₄₃ Neb. Ran	R₄₄ N.H. Retired	R₄₅ N.J. Ran	R₄₆ N.M. (1st) New seat	R₄₇ N.M. (1st) New seat N.M. (reg) Ran	R₄₈ Ore. Ran
R₃₈ Kan. Ran	R₃₇ Iowa Ran	R₃₆ Ill. Ran	R₃₅ Idaho Ran	R₃₄ Del. Retired	R₃₃ Colo. Retired	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Results of elections before the next Congress

D₁

D₂

D₃

D₄

D₅

D₆

D₇

D₈

D₁₈

D₁₇

D₁₆

D₁₅

D₁₄

D₁₃

D₁₂

D₁₁

D₁₀

D₉

D₁₉

D₂₀

D₂₁

D₂₂

D₂₃

D₂₄

D₂₅

D₂₆

D₂₇
Ala.
Re-elected

D₂₈
Ariz.
Gain

D₃₈
Mont.
Gain

D₃₇
Miss.
Hold

D₃₆
La.
Hold

D₃₅
Ky.
Hold

D₃₄
Kan.
Gain

D₃₃
Del.
Gain

D₃₂
Colo. (sp)
Gain

D₃₁
Colo.
Gain

D₃₀
Ark.
Hold

D₂₉
Ariz.
Gain

D₃₉
N.J.
Gain

D₄₀
N.C.
Re-elected

D₄₁
Okla.
Re-elected

D₄₂
Ore.
Gain

D₄₃
S.C.
Re-elected

D₄₄
Tenn.
Gain

D₄₅
Tex.
Hold

D₄₆
Va. (reg)
Re-elected

D₄₇
Va. (sp)
Elected^[c]

V₁
Ga.
D Loss

Majority ↑

R₃₉
Neb.
Hold

R₄₀
N.M. (1st)
Gain

R₄₁
N.M. (1st)
Gain

N.M. (reg)
Re-elected

R₄₂
R.I.
Hold

R₄₃
S.D.
Hold

R₄₄
W.Va.
Gain

R₄₅
Wyo.
Re-elected

V₄
N.H.
R Loss

V₃
Ill. (reg)
R Loss

V₂
Ill. (sp)

R₃₈
Minn.
Re-elected

R₃₇
Mich.
Re-elected

R₃₆
Mass.
Hold

R₃₅

Maine (sp)
Elected^[c]

Maine (reg)
Gain

R₃₄
Iowa
Re-elected

R₃₃
Idaho
Re-elected

R₃₂

R₃₁

R₃₀

R₂₉

R₁₉

R₂₀

R₂₁

R₂₂

R₂₃

R₂₄

R₂₅

R₂₆

R₂₇

R₂₈

R₁₈

R₁₇

R₁₆

R₁₅

R₁₄

R₁₃

R₁₂

R₁₁

R₁₀

R₉

R₁

R₂

R₃

R₄

R₅

R₆

R₇

R₈

Beginning of the next Congress, March 4, 1913

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉	D₄₀	D₄₁	D₄₂	D₄₃	D₄₄	D₄₅	D₄₆	D₄₇	D₄₈
Majority →									D₄₉ Ga. Appointed
R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	V₄ Ill. (reg)	V₃ Ill. (sp)	V₂ W.Va. Seated late	P₁ Wash. Changed	V₁ N.H.	D₄₉ Ga. Appointed
R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Beginning of the first session, April 7, 1913

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉	D₄₀	D₄₁	D₄₂	D₄₃	D₄₄	D₄₅	D₄₆	D₄₇	D₄₈
Majority →									D₄₉
R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃ Ill. (reg) Gain	R₄₄ Ill. (sp) Gain	R₄₅ W.Va. Seated late	P₁	D₅₀ N.H. Gain	D₄₉
R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Key

D_#	Democratic
P_#	Progressive
R_#	Republican
V_#	Vacant

Complete list of races

Special elections during the 62nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in the 62nd Congress during 1912 or before March 4, 1913; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Virginia (Class 1)	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	1910 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 23, 1912.	▌Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
New Mexico (Class 1)	New state			New senator elected March 27, 1912. Republican gain.	▌Y (Class 2) Albert B. Fall (Republican) 39 votes ▌Y (Class 1) Thomas B. Catron (Republican) 38 votes ▌Felix Martinez (Democratic) 25 votes ▌Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 23 votes ▌William G. Mills^[d] (Republican) 7 votes ▌ Herbert J. Hagerman (Progressive Republican) 3 votes ▌L. Bradford Prince (Republican) 3 votes ▌Eugene Romero (Republican) 3 votes ▌ W. H. Gillenwater (Progressive Republican) 2 votes ▌O. A. Larrazolo (Republican) 2 votes ▌Jose D. Sena (Republican) 1 vote^[2]
New Mexico (Class 2)	New state			New senator elected March 27, 1912. Republican gain. Winner was also subsequently elected to the next term, see below.
Arizona (Class 1)	New state			New senator elected March 26, 1912, ratifying the popular selection made on December 12, 1911, state elections. Democratic gain.	▌Y Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) Unopposed^[2] In state elections: ▌Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 50.00% ▌Ralph Cameron (Republican) 44.33% ▌E. Johnson (Socialist) 5.67%^[3]
Arizona (Class 3)	New state			New senator elected March 26, 1912, ratifying the popular selection made on December 12, 1911, state elections. Democratic gain.	▌Y Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) Unopposed^[2] In state elections: ▌Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 50.35% ▌Hoval A. Smith (Republican) 43.84% ▌E. B. Simonton (Socialist) 5.8%^[3]
Maine (Class 2)	Obadiah Gardner	Democratic	1911 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected April 2, 1912.^[4]	▌Y Obadiah Gardner (Democratic) 98 votes ▌Frederick A. Powers (Republican) 56 votes^[2]
Colorado (Class 3)	Vacant			Charles J. Hughes Jr. (D) had died January 11, 1911. New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	▌Y Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) 28 votes ▌Waterman (Unknown) 4 votes ▌Vincent (Progressive) 1 vote^[5] In state elections: [data missing]
Tennessee (Class 2)	Newell Sanders	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 24, 1913. Democratic gain. Winner did not run for election to the following term, see below.	▌Y William R. Webb (Democratic) 73 votes ▌M. T. Bryan (Democratic) 53 votes ▌J. A. Clements (Democratic) 1 vote ▌C. W. Tyler (Democratic) 1 vote^[6]
Texas (Class 2)	Rienzi Johnston	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 23, 1913. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term, see below.	▌Y Morris Sheppard (Democratic) 104 votes ▌Rienzi Johnston (Democratic) 66 votes^[6]
Idaho (Class 3)	Kirtland Perky	Democratic	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 24, 1913. Republican gain.	▌Y James H. Brady (Republican) 43 votes ▌James F. Ailshie (Republican) 7 votes ▌John F. Nugent (Democratic) 5 votes ▌James E. Babb (Unknown) 5 votes ▌Robert N. Dunn (Unknown) 4 votes ▌E. H. Dewey (Unknown) 4 votes ▌John T. Morrison (Republican) 3 votes ▌Burton L. French (Republican) 2 votes ▌James Hanrahan (Democratic) 2 votes ▌C. A. Beale (Unknown) 1 vote ▌George Fields (Unknown) 1 vote ▌J. F. Maclane (Unknown) 1 vote ▌T. L. Burkland (Unknown) 1 vote ▌W. C. Courtney (Unknown) 1 vote^[5]^[7]
Arkansas (Class 2)	John N. Heiskell	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 27, 1913. Democratic hold. Winner did not run for election to the following term, see below.	▌Y William Kavanaugh (Democratic) 77 votes ▌Others 58 votes^[5]
Nevada (Class 1)	William A. Massey	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected^[e] January 28, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	▌Y Key Pittman (Democratic) Unanimous except: ▌George Stale (Socialist) 2 votes In state elections: ▌Key Pittman (Democratic) 39.78% ▌William A. Massey (Republican) 39.34% ▌George Stale (Socialist) 13.73% ▌ S. Summerfield (Progressive) 7.15%^[8]

Races leading to the 63rd Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1913; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	1907 (Appointed) 1907 (special)	Incumbent had already been re-elected early January 17, 1911, for the term beginning March 4, 1913.
Arkansas	John N. Heiskell	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 29, 1913. Democratic hold.	▌Y Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 71 votes ▌Stephen Brundige (Democratic) 36 votes ▌Norwood (Unknown) 15 votes ▌Kirby (Unknown) 8 votes ▌Oldfield (Unknown) 1 vote ▌Martin (Unknown) 1 vote ▌Reid (Unknown) 1 vote ▌Taylor (Unknown) 1 vote^[5]
Colorado	Simon Guggenheim	Republican	1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.^[e] Democratic gain.	▌Y John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 86 votes ▌Clyde Dawson (Republican) 11 votes ▌Frank Catlin (Progressive) 1 vote ▌Hunter (Democratic) 1 vote^[5] In state election: ▌John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 47.34% ▌Clyde Dawson (Republican) 26.8% ▌Frank Catlin (Progressive) 23.48% ▌Mary Miller (Prohibition) 2.38%^[9]
Delaware	Harry A. Richardson	Republican	1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 29, 1913. Democratic gain.	▌Y Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) 28 votes ▌H. A. Richardson (Republican) 11 votes ▌John G. Townsend (Republican) 5 votes ▌Alfred I. du Pont (Republican) 3 votes ▌Alexander P. Corbit (Republican) 1 vote ▌Simeon S. Pennewill (Republican) 1 vote ▌Ruby R. Vale (Republican) 1 vote^[5]
Georgia	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (Appointed) 1907 (special)	Incumbent ran for re-election but the legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was then appointed to begin the term.^[5]	▌Augustus Bacon (Democratic)
Idaho	William Borah	Republican	1907	Incumbent re-elected January 14, 1913.	▌Y William Borah (Republican) 75 votes ▌George A. Tannahill (Democratic) 2 votes ▌Kirtland I. Perky (Democratic) 2 votes^[5]
Illinois	Shelby M. Cullom	Republican	1882 1888 1894 1901 1907	Incumbent lost renomination. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. A new senator was later elected, see below.	▌Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) ▌Charles Boeschenstein (Democratic) ▌Frank H. Funk (Progressive) ▌J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) ▌McDonald (Socialist) ▌Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican)^[5]
Iowa	William S. Kenyon	Republican	1911 (special)	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913.	▌Y William S. Kenyon (Republican) ▌D. W. Hamilton (Democratic)^[5]
Kansas	Charles Curtis	Republican	1907 (special) 1907	Incumbent lost renomination.^[e] New senator elected January 28, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.^[e] Democratic gain.	▌Y William H. Thompson (Democratic) ▌Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 3 votes ▌Henry J. Allen (Progressive) 1 vote^[10] In state election: ▌William H. Thompson (Democratic) 49.34% ▌Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 43.35% ▌Allan Ricker (Socialist) 7.32%^[11]
Kentucky	Thomas H. Paynter	Democratic	1906	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌Y Ollie James (Democratic) 105 votes ▌Edwin T. Morrow (Republican) 28 votes^[2]
Louisiana	Murphy J. Foster	Democratic	1900 1904	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌Y Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Maine	Obadiah Gardner	Democratic	1911 (Appointed) 1912 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1913. Republican gain.	▌Y Edwin C. Burleigh (Republican) 91 votes ▌Obadiah Gardner (Democratic) 82 votes ▌ E. M. Thompson (Progressive) 7 votes^[12]
Massachusetts	Winthrop M. Crane	Republican	1904 (Appointed) 1905 (special) 1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 14, 1913. Republican hold.	▌Y John W. Weeks (Republican)160 votes ▌Sherman L. Whipple (Democratic) 80 votes ▌John Graham Brooks (Progressive) 5 votes ▌John A. Keliher (Democratic) 1 vote ▌Joseph C. Pelletier (Democratic) 1 vote ▌Scattering 25 votes^[12]
Michigan	William A. Smith	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected January 14, 1913.	▌Y William A. Smith (Republican) 74 votes ▌Alfred Lucking (Democratic) 41 votes ▌Theodore Joslin (Progressive) 17 votes^[12]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.^[e]	▌Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 178 votes In state election: ▌Knute Nelson (Republican) 62.8% ▌Daniel Lawler (Democratic) 37.2%^[13]
Mississippi	LeRoy Percy	Democratic	1910 (special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 16, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌Y James K. Vardaman (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Montana	Joseph M. Dixon	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost re-election as a Progressive.^[e] New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	▌Y Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) Unopposed^[12] In state election: ▌Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 41.17% ▌Joseph M. Dixon (Progressive) 32.1% ▌Henry C. Smith (Republican) 26.73%^[14]
Nebraska	Norris Brown	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost renomination.^[15] New senator elected January 21, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Republican hold.	▌Y George W. Norris (Republican) Unopposed^[12] In state election: ▌George W. Norris (Republican) ▌Ashton C. Shallenberger (Democratic)^[16]
New Hampshire	Henry E. Burnham	Republican	1901 1907	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. New senator was elected late, see below.	▌Robert P. Bass (Progressive) ▌Sherman E. Burroughs (Republican) ▌Clarence Carr (Democratic) ▌Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) ▌John H. Bartlett (Republican) ▌Edward N. Pearson (Republican) ▌William Swart (Independent) ▌Henry B. Quinby (Republican) ▌Gordon Woodbury (Democratic)
New Jersey	Frank O. Briggs	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 28, 1913. Democratic gain.	▌Y William Hughes (Democratic) 63 votes ▌Frank O. Briggs (Republican) 17 votes^[12]
New Mexico	Albert B. Fall	Republican	1912 (New state)	Incumbent re-elected June 6, 1912. Legislature invalidated the election. Incumbent then re-elected January 28, 1913.	January 28, 1913, election: ▌Y Albert B. Fall (Republican) 43 votes ▌Scattering 25 votes^[12] June 6, 1912 election: ▌Albert B. Fall (Republican) 40 votes ▌W. H. Andrews (Republican) 2 votes ▌R. L. Byea (Republican) 2 votes^[2]
North Carolina	Furnifold Simmons	Democratic	1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913.	▌Y Furnifold Simmons (Democratic) 144 votes ▌Cyrus Thompson (Republican) 19 votes^[12]
Oklahoma	Robert L. Owen	Democratic	1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913.^[e]	▌Y Robert L. Owen (Democratic)^[12] In state election: ▌Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 50.43% ▌Joseph Dickerson (Republican) 33.28% ▌John Wills (Socialist) 16.3%^[17]
Oregon	Jonathan Bourne Jr.	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost renomination and then lost re-election as Popular Government candidate. New senator elected January 21, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.^[e] Democratic gain.	▌Y Harry Lane (Democratic)^[12] In state election: ▌Harry Lane (Democratic) 30.07% ▌Ben Selling (Republican) 28.79% ▌Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Popular Government) 19.41% ▌Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 8.31% ▌A. E. Clark (Progressive) 8.3% ▌B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 5.13%^[18]
Rhode Island	George P. Wetmore	Republican	1894 1900 1907 (No election) 1908 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 21, 1913.^[19] Republican hold.	▌Y LeBaron B. Colt (Republican) 88 votes ▌Addison P. Munroe (Democratic) 42 votes ▌George W. Parks (Progressive) 7 votes^[12]
South Carolina	Benjamin Tillman	Democratic	1894 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 28, 1913.	▌Y Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed^[12]
South Dakota	Robert J. Gamble	Republican	1901 1907	Incumbent lost renomination.^[20] New senator elected January 22, 1913. Republican hold.	▌Y Thomas Sterling (Republican) 97 votes^[21]
Tennessee	Newell Sanders	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 23, 1913. Democratic gain.	▌Y John K. Shields (Democratic) 69 votes ▌Charles T. Cates Jr. (Independent Democratic) 61 votes^[6]
Texas	Rienzi Johnston	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 28, 1913. Democratic hold.	▌Y Morris Sheppard (Democratic) Unopposed^[6]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early) 1899 (Early) 1906	Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1912.	▌Y Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
West Virginia	Clarence Watson	Democratic	1911 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 21, 1913.^[22] Republican gain. Winner took seat late.	▌Y Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 60 votes ▌Clarence W. Watson (Democratic) 43 votes ▌Robert W. Dailey (Democratic) 1 vote ▌John W. Davis (Democratic) 1 vote ▌John W. Hamilton (Democratic) 1 vote^[22]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1890 1893 (Lost) 1895 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 28, 1913.	▌Y Francis E. Warren (Republican) 45 votes ▌John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 38 votes^[6]

Early election to the following Congress

In this early general election, the winner was seated in the 64th Congress, starting March 4, 1915.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Louisiana (Class 3)	John Thornton	Democratic	1910 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected early May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌Y Robert F. Broussard (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]

Elections during the 63rd Congress

In these elections (some special, some merely late), the winners were seated in 1913 after March 4.

Some of those five elections late and some special, some by legislatures before ratification of the amendment and some popularly thereafter:

Two elections were late and elected by legislatures: New Hampshire and Illinois (Class 2)
▌One election was special and elected by a legislature: Illinois (Class 3)
One election was late and elected popularly: Georgia
▌One election was special and elected popularly: Maryland

They are ordered here by election date, then by class.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect in time. New senator elected late March 13, 1913 on the 43rd ballot.^[23] Democratic gain.	▌Y Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) 189 votes ▌John H. Bartlett (Republican) 121 votes ▌Henry B. Quinby (Republican) 18 votes ▌Edward N. Pearson (Republican) 14 votes ▌Robert P. Bass (Progressive) 12 votes ▌Scattering 17 votes^[12]^[24]
Illinois (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect in time. New senator elected late March 26, 1913. Democratic gain.	▌Y J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) 164 votes ▌Frank H. Funk (Progressive) 22 votes ▌Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 9 votes ▌Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) 4 votes^[5]
Illinois (Class 3)	Vacant			1909 election of William Lorimer (R) had been voided July 13, 1912. New senator elected March 26, 1913. Republican gain.	▌Y Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 143 votes ▌Charles Boeschenstein (Democratic) 25 votes ▌Frank H. Funk (Republican) 22 votes ▌McDonald (Socialist) 4 votes ▌Scattering 2 votes^[5]
Elected by popular vote after ratification of the 17th Amendment
Georgia (Class 2)	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (Appointed) 1907 (special) 1913 (Appointed)	Legislature had failed to elect in time so the incumbent was appointed to begin the term. Interim appointee re-elected late June 15, 1913.	▌Y Augustus Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed^[5]
Maryland (Class 1)	William P. Jackson	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected November 4, 1913 to finish the term ending March 3, 1917. Winner did not qualify until January 28, 1914.^[25] Democratic gain.	▌Y Blair Lee (Democratic) ▌Thomas Parran Sr. (Republican)

Alabama

Incumbent Senator John H. Bankhead had already been re-elected early January 17, 1911^[26] for the 1913 term.

Arkansas

One-term incumbent Senator Jeff Davis died January 3, 1913. Democratic Governor of Arkansas Joseph T. Robinson appointed John N. Heiskell January 6, 1913, to continue the term just until a special election.

Arkansas (special)

John N. Heiskell was not a candidate in the special election. On January 29, 1913, the Arkansas Legislature elected Democratic businessman and former judge William Marmaduke Kavanaugh just to finish the term that would end in March 1913.

Y William Kavanaugh (Democratic) 77 votes Others 58 votes^[5]

Arkansas (regular)

Neither Heiskell nor Kavanaugh were candidates in the general election. On January 29, 1913, the Arkansas Legislature elected the Democratic Governor Joseph T. Robinson to the next term. This would be the last senate election by a state legislature before the April 8, 1913, adoption of the 17th amendment. Robinson would later become leader of Senate Democrats and Senate majority leader.

Y Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 71 votes Stephen Brundige (Democratic) 36 votes Norwood 15 votes Kirby 8 votes Oldfield 1 vote Martin 1 vote Reid 1 vote Taylor 1 vote^[5]

Arizona

Arizona class 1 election

December 12, 1911,
March 26, 1912

1916 →


Nominee	Henry F. Ashurst	Ralph H. Cameron
Party	Democratic	Republican
Electoral vote	54	0
Popular vote	10,872	9,640
Percentage	50.00%	44.33%

U.S. senator before election

none

Elected U.S. Senator

To be formally determined by the Arizona legislature

Arizona class 3 election

December 12, 1911,
March 26, 1912

1914 →


Nominee	Marcus A. Smith	Hoval A. Smith
Party	Democratic	Republican
Electoral vote	54	0
Popular vote	10,598	9,228
Percentage	50.35%	43.85%

U.S. senator before election

none

Elected U.S. Senator

To be formally determined by the Arizona legislature

Arizona became a new state February 14, 1912, with senators in classes 1 (ending 1917) and 3 (ending 1915). For the initial senators there was a popular vote held December 12, 1911 — before statehood — and the newly formed state legislature effectively ratified the popular votes March 26, 1912: Democrat Henry F. Ashurst (class 1) and Democrat Marcus A. Smith (class 3).

Henry F. Ashurst was elected to the Territorial House of Representatives in 1897. He was re-elected in 1899, and became the territory's youngest speaker. In 1902, he was elected to the Territorial Senate. In 1911, Ashurst presided over Arizona's constitutional convention.^[27] During the convention, he positioned himself for a U.S. Senate seat by avoiding the political fighting over various clauses in the constitution which damaged his rivals.^[28]

Arizona general election (Class 1)^[29]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Ashurst	10,872	50.00%
	Republican	Ralph H. Cameron	9,640	44.33%
	Socialist	E. Johnson	1,234	5.68%
Majority			1,232	5.67%
Turnout			21,746

Marcus A. Smith announced his candidacy for one of Arizona's two senate seats on September 24, 1911.^[30] As the campaign began, Smith abandoned his long standing conservative stand and declared himself a "Progressive".^[31]

Arizona general election (class 3)^[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Marcus A. Smith	10,598	50.35%
	Republican	Hoval A. Smith	9,228	43.85%
	Socialist	E. B. Simonton	1,221	5.80%
Majority			1,370	6.50%
Turnout			21,047

With the admission of Arizona as a state in 1912, the Arizona State Legislature confirmed the selection of Smith and Ashurst as the state's first U.S. senators on March 27, 1912,^[33] taking office April 2, 1912.

Arizona Senate election, March 23, 1912
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Ashurst	19	100%
	Democratic	Marcus A. Smith	19	100%

Arizona House of Representatives election, March 26, 1912
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Ashurst	35	100%
	Democratic	Marcus A. Smith	35	100%

Colorado

On January 14, 1913, the Colorado General Assembly elected both of the state's senators: Governor John F. Shafroth for the class 2 seat (ending 1919) and Democrat Charles S. Thomas for the class 3 seat (ending 1915).

Colorado (regular)

One-term Republican incumbent Simon Guggenheim chose to retire in the term beginning March 4, 1913.

In the 1912 state elections, Democratic Governor of Colorado John F. Shafroth won the popular vote.

Colorado popular vote, class 2^[9]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	John F. Shafroth	118,260	47.34%
Republican	Clyde Dawson	66,949	26.80%
Progressive	Frank Catlin	58,649	23.48%
Prohibition	Mary E. Miller	5,948	2.38%

The Colorado General Assembly ratified that decision January 14, 1913, by electing Thomas.

Colorado legislative vote, class 2 (combined votes of both houses)^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	John F. Shafroth	86	87.8%
Republican	Clyde Dawson	11	11.2%
Progressive	Frank Catlin	1	1.0%
Democratic gain from Republican

Colorado (special)

Democrat Charles J. Hughes Jr. (D) had died January 11, 1911, and the seat remained vacant for two years because the Colorado General Assembly failed to elect a successor.^[5]

In the 1912 state elections, Democrat Charles S. Thomas (former Governor of Colorado) won the popular vote,^{[citation needed]} and the Colorado General Assembly ratified that decision January 14, 1913, by overwhelmingly voting for Thomas.

Colorado legislative vote, class 3 (combined votes of both houses)^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Charles S. Thomas	88	88.9%
Republican	Waterman	9	9.1%
Progressive	Vincent	1	1.0%
Progressive	Stevens	1	1.0%
Democratic gain from Vacant

Delaware

Incumbent Republican Harry A. Richardson retired after one term in office.

Democrat Willard Saulsbury Jr. had been a member of the Democratic National Committee since 1908 and had run for U.S. senator in 1899, 1901, 1903, 1905, 1907, and 1911, but Republicans controlled the state legislature and he was unsuccessful. In 1913, however, Democrats were in control of the legislature, Saulsbury was the preference of most Democrats, and he obtained the required majority January 29, 1913, after several days of balloting. This election was the first time since 1883 that a Democrat won a full term for this Senate seat in Delaware.

Delaware legislative election^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Willard Saulsbury Jr.	28	53.8%
Republican	H. A. Richardson	11	21.2%
Republican	John G. Townsend	5	9.6%
Republican	Alfred I. du Pont	3	5.8%
Republican	Alexander P. Corbit	3	5.8%
Republican	Simeon S. Pennewill	1	1.9%
Republican	Ruby R. Vale	1	1.9%

Georgia

Georgia late election

← 1911 (special)

June 15, 1913

1914 (special) →


Nominee	Augustus Octavius Bacon
Party	Democratic
Percentage	Unopposed

U.S. senator before election

Augustus Octavius Bacon
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Augustus Octavius Bacon
Democratic

The Georgia General Assembly failed to elect a senator, as Democratic incumbent Augustus O. Bacon's term ended. The Governor of Georgia therefore appointed Bacon to begin the term, pending a late election.

On June 15, 1913, Bacon was elected by the general populace without opposition, becoming the first senator elected under the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Bacon died in early 1914, however, leading to another interim appointment and eventual special election.

Idaho

Idaho (regular)

Idaho general election (class 2)

← 1907

January 14, 1913

1918 →


Nominee	William Borah	Kirtland I. Perky
Party	Republican	Democratic
Members' vote	75	2
Percentage	94.9%	2.5%

U.S. senator before election

William Borah
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

William Borah
Republican

First term Republican incumbent William Borah was easily re-elected over two Democratic challengers.

Idaho legislative election, class 2 (January 14, 1913)^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	William Borah (incumbent)	75	94.9%
Democratic	Kirtland I. Perky	2	2.5%
Democratic	George A. Tannahill	2	2.5%
Republican hold

Idaho (special)

Idaho special election (class 3)

← 1909

January 24, 1913

1914 →


Nominee	James H. Brady	James F. Ailshie
Party	Republican	Republican
Members' vote	43	7
Percentage	53.8%	8.8%


Nominee	John F. Nugent
Party	Democratic	Scattering
Members' vote	5	25
Percentage	6.3%	38.7%

U.S. senator before election

James H. Brady
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

James H. Brady
Republican

Two-term incumbent Republican Weldon Heyburn died October 17, 1912. Democratic lawyer and former-Judge Kirtland I. Perky was appointed November 18, 1912, to continue the term pending a special election.

Perky was not a candidate in the special election, which was won by Republican former-Governor James H. Brady. Brady would win re-election in a popular vote in 1914.

Idaho legislative election, class 3 (January 24, 1913)^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	James H. Brady (incumbent)	43	53.8%
Republican	James F. Ailshie	7	8.8%
Democratic	John F. Nugent	5	6.3%
Unknown	James E. Babb	5	6.3%
Unknown	Robert N. Dunn	4	5.0%
Unknown	E. H. Dewey	4	5.0%
Republican	J. T. Morrison	3	3.8%
Republican	Burton L. French	2	2.5%
Democratic	James Hanrahan	2	2.5%
Unknown	C. A. Beale	1	1.3%
Unknown	George Fields	1	1.3%
Unknown	J. F. Maclane	1	1.3%
Unknown	T. L. Burkland	1	1.3%
Unknown	W. C. Courtney	1	1.3%
Republican gain from Democratic

Illinois

In the November 1912 state elections, the Republicans lost control of the state due to the Republican / Progressive split. But while the Democrats held a plurality of the Illinois General Assembly, they did not have a majority. The General Assembly took up the matter of electing the senators on February 1. The General Assembly therefore failed to elect until after the new congress began.

On March 26, in a compromise arranged by governor Dunne, the General Assembly elected Democrat J. Hamilton Lewis to fill the full-term seat and Republican Lawrence Y. Sherman to fill the two remaining years of a vacancy that had just recently opened.

Illinois (regular)

Illinois general election (class 2)

← 1907

March 26, 1913

1918 →


Nominee	J. Hamilton Lewis	Frank H. Funk
Party	Democratic	Progressive
Members' vote	164	22
Percentage	80.39%	10.78%

U.S. senator before election

Shelby Moore Cullom
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

J. Hamilton Lewis
Democratic

On April 12, 1912, five-term Republican incumbent Shelby Moore Cullom lost renomination to Lieutenant Governor of Illinois Lawrence Y. Sherman in the Republican "advisory" primary, where the voters expressed their preference for senator but the decision was not binding on the General Assembly, which made the actual choice. Cullom had suffered politically over his support for the other Illinois senator, William Lorimer, who was embroiled in a scandal over alleged bribery in his 1909 election to the Senate.

After his defeat, Cullom withdrew his name from consideration by the General Assembly.

The Illinois General Assembly eventually elected the Democratic nominee, Congressman J. Hamilton Lewis March 26, 1913, who had also won the Democratic advisory primary, as the sole candidate on the ballot.

Illinois legislative vote, class 2 (March 26, 1913)^[34]^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	J. Hamilton Lewis	164	80.39%
Progressive	Frank H. Funk	22	10.78%
Republican	Lawrence Y. Sherman	9	4.41%
Independent	Abstaining	5	2.45%
Socialist	Bernard Berlyn	4	1.96%
Democratic gain from Republican

Illinois (special)

Illinois special election (class 3)

← 1909

March 26, 1913

1914 →


Nominee	Lawrence Y. Sherman^[35]	Charles Boeschenstein
Party	Republican	Democratic
Members' vote	143	25
Percentage	70.10%	12.26%


Nominee	Frank H. Funk
Party	Progressive
Members' vote	22
Percentage	10.78%

U.S. senator before election

Vacant

Elected U.S. senator

Lawrence Y. Sherman
Republican

Three months after the primary in which Sherman defeated Cullom, the U.S. Senate invalidated Lorimer's 1909 election and declared the seat vacant.^[36] The Illinois Attorney General, William H. Stead determined that the General Assembly had failed to properly elect Lorimer in 1909 and so the Governor could not appoint a replacement.^[37] As a result, the General Assembly had a second Senate seat to fill.

Illinois special legislative vote, class 3 (March 26, 1913)^[38]^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Lawrence Y. Sherman	143	70.10
Democratic	Charles Boeschenstein	25	12.26
Progressive	Frank H. Funk	22	10.78
Independent	Abstaining	9	4.41
Socialist	McDonald	4	1.96
Democratic	John Fitzpatrick	1	0.49
Republican gain from Vacant

Iowa

Iowa election

← 1911 (special)

January 21, 1913

1918 →


Nominee	William S. Kenyon	Daniel W. Hamilton
Party	Republican	Democratic
Members' vote	91	58

U.S. senator before election

William S. Kenyon
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

William S. Kenyon
Republican

Incumbent Republican William S. Kenyon, who had just won a 1911 special election to the seat, was easily re-elected by the Iowa General Assembly over Democratic former congressman Daniel W. Hamilton.^[5]

Iowa legislative vote (in Iowa Senate)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William S. Kenyon (incumbent)	29	61.70%
	Democratic	Daniel W. Hamilton	18	38.30%

Iowa legislative vote (in Iowa House)
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	William S. Kenyon (incumbent)	62	60.78%
Democratic	Daniel W. Hamilton	40	39.22%
Republican hold

Kansas

Kansas election

← 1907

January 29, 1913

1918 →


Nominee	William H. Thompson	W. R. Stubbs
Party	Democratic	Republican
Electoral vote	160	3
Popular vote	172,601	151,647
Percentage	49.34%	43.35%

County results
Thompson: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80%
Stubbs: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Charles Curtis
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

William H. Thompson
Democratic

One-term incumbent Republican (and future Vice President) Charles Curtis lost renomination to Governor of Kansas Walter R. Stubbs, who then lost the general election to Democratic Judge William H. Thompson as Democrats took control of the Kansas Legislature in the 1912 state elections.

1912 Kansas popular election in Kansas^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William H. Thompson	172,601	49.34%
	Republican	W. R. Stubbs	151,647	43.35%
	Socialist	Allan W. Ricker	25,610	7.32%
Total votes			349,858	100.00%

Kansas Senate election, January 28, 1913^[39]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William H. Thompson	40	100%
Turnout			40	100.0%

Kansas House of Representatives election, January 29, 1912^[39]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William H. Thompson	120	96.8%
	Republican	W. R. Stubbs	3	2.4%
	Progressive	Henry J. Allen	1	0.8%
Turnout			124	99.2%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Thompson would only serve one term, losing re-election in 1918. As of 2023, this is the last time the Democrats won the Class 2 Senate seat in Kansas. This represents the longest current winning streak of either party for a single Senate seat.

Curtis' political career, meanwhile, would rebound, as he was elected to Kansas' other US Senate seat, first by defeating Kansas' senior senator Joseph L. Bristow in the Republican primary, and then winning re-election nonconsecutively to the U.S Senate by a very narrow margin over two opponents, becoming the first Kansan to be popularly elected to the U.S Senate in a historic first. Curtis would serve in the Senate for three terms before resigning to become U.S. Vice President in March 1929, the first Native American to serve in that office.

Kentucky

Kentucky election

← 1906

January 16, 1912

1918 →


Nominee	Ollie James	Edwin P. Morrow
Party	Democratic	Republican
Senate ballot	31 (83.8%)	6 (16.2%)
House ballot	74 (76.3%)	23 (23.7%)

Blue denotes members voting for James and red denotes those voting for Morrow.

[[List of United States senators from {{{country}}}|U.S. senator]] before election

Thomas H. Paynter
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Ollie James
Democratic

One-term Democrat Thomas H. Paynter retired and Democratic Representative Ollie James was easily elected January 16, 1912.^[2]

Kentucky legislative vote (in Kentucky Senate), January 9, 1912
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ollie James	31	88.6%
	Republican	Edwin P. Morrow	4	11.4%

Kentucky legislative vote (in Kentucky House of Representatives), January 9, 1912
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ollie James	74	75.5%
	Republican	Edwin P. Morrow	24	24.6%

The legislature formally elected James a second time January 16, 1912, to comply with a federal rule requiring an election on the second Tuesday after the meeting of the legislature.^[2]

Louisiana

Louisiana senators

Joseph E. Ransdell
Class 2: starting March 4, 1913

Robert F. Broussard
Class 3: starting March 4, 1915

Louisiana held two elections May 21, 1912: an election for the class 2 term that would begin March 4, 1913, and an election for the class 3 term that would begin March 4, 1915.

Louisiana (regular, class 2)

In the class 2 seat, Democrat Murphy J. Foster lost renomination to fellow-Democrat Joseph E. Ransdell, who later was elected unopposed to seat.

Louisiana (regular, class 3)

In the class 3 seat, Democrat John Thornton retired. Fellow-Democrat Robert F. Broussard was elected unopposed, but he would have to wait until term began on March 4, 1915.

Maine

Five-term incumbent Republican William P. Frye had died August 8, 1911, and Democrat Obadiah Gardner was appointed September 23, 1911, to continue the term, pending a special election. In this election cycle, Gardner would first win the election to finish the term and then lose re-election to the next term.

Maine (special)

Maine special election

← 1907

April 2, 1912

1913 →


Nominee	Obadiah Gardner	Frederick A. Powers
Party	Democratic	Republican
Members' vote	98	56
Percentage	66.2%	33.8%

U.S. senator before election

Obadiah Gardner
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Obadiah Gardner
Democratic

Democratic interim appointee Obadiah Gardner was elected April 2, 1912, to finish the term ending March 3, 1913.^[4]^[2]

Maine Senate vote (April 2, 1912)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Obadiah Gardner (incumbent)	20	76.9%
	Republican	Frederick A. Powers	6	23.1%

Maine House of Representatives vote (April 2, 1912)
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Obadiah Gardner (incumbent)	78	60.9%
Republican	Frederick A. Powers	50	39.1%
Democratic hold

Maine (regular)

Maine general election

← 1912 (special)

January 15, 1913

1918 →


Nominee	Edwin C. Burleigh	Obadiah Gardner
Party	Republican	Democratic
Members' vote	91	82
Percentage	50.6%	45.6%

U.S. senator before election

Edwin C. Burleigh
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Obadiah Gardner
Democratic

Democrat Obadiah Gardner lost re-election January 15, 1913, to Republican Edwin C. Burleigh for the term starting March 4, 1913.

"There was no choice in the separate balloting on January 14. The next day in joint assembly, [Burleigh was elected]."^[12]

Maine Legislature vote (January 15, 1913)
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Edwin C. Burleigh (incumbent)	91	50.6%
Democratic	Obadiah Gardner	82	45.6%
Progressive	E.M. Thompson	7	3.9%
Republican gain from Democratic

Maryland (special)

Maryland special election

← 1910

November 4, 1913

1916 →


Nominee	Blair Lee	Thomas Parran Sr.
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	112,485	73,300
Percentage	56.75%	36.98%

County results
Parran: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70%
Lee: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80%

U.S. senator before election

William P. Jackson
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Blair Lee
Democratic

Democrat Isidor Rayner died November 25, 1912, and Republican William P. Jackson was appointed to continue the term, pending a special election.

Democratic state senator Blair Lee was elected November 4, 1913.

1913 Maryland U.S. Senate special election^[40]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Blair Lee	112,485	56.75%
	Republican	Thomas Parran Sr.	73,300	36.98%
	Progressive	George Wellington	7,033	3.55%
	Socialist	Robert Fields	2,982	1.5%
	Prohibition	Finley Hendrickson	2,405	1.21%
Turnout			198,205
	Democratic gain from Republican

Lee presented his credentials to serve as senator on December 5, 1913, but he did not qualify until January 28, 1914, because Jackson claimed that "since [Jackson] had been appointed under the original constitutional provision, [Jackson] was entitled to hold his seat until the regularly scheduled adjournment date of the Maryland state assembly."^[25] The Senate considered Jackson's challenge but eventually rejected it and seated Lee.

Lee would only serve this one term, as he lost renomination in 1916.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts election

← 1905 (special)

January 14, 1913

1918 →


Nominee	John W. Weeks	Sherman L. Whipple
Party	Republican	Democratic
Members' vote	160	80
Percentage	58.82%	29.41%

U.S. senator before election

Winthrop M. Crane
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

John W. Weeks
Republican

Republican Winthrop M. Crane, who was first appointed in 1904, retired. Republican congressman from Newton, Massachusetts, John W. Weeks, was elected January 14, 1913, to succeed him. Republican Eben Sumner Draper had been considered a candidate for the seat, but the Republican party, then under the control of its hardline conservative faction (and in control of the legislature), chose Weeks instead.^[41]

1913 Republican nominating caucus^[42]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	John W. Weeks	97	60.25%
	Republican	Samuel Walker McCall	57	35.40%
	Republican	Curtis Guild Jr.	5	3.11%
	Republican	George P. Lawrence	1	0.62%
	Republican	Robert Luce	1	0.62%
Total votes			161	100.00%

Massachusetts legislative vote (in Massachusetts Senate)^[43]^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	John W. Weeks	26	66.67%
Democratic	Sherman L. Whipple	11	28.21%
Democratic	John A. Keliher	1	2.56%
Democratic	Joseph C. Pelletier	1	2.56%

Massachusetts legislative vote (in Massachusetts House of Representatives)^[43]^[5]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	John W. Weeks	134	57.51%
Democratic	Sherman L. Whipple	69	29.61%
Progressive	John Graham Brooks	5	2.15%
Democratic	John F. Meaney	3	1.29%
Democratic	James B. Carroll	3	1.29%
Democratic	Charles A. DeCourey	3	1.29%
Democratic	Charles Sumner Hamlin	2	0.86%
Democratic	John A. Thayer	2	0.86%
Democratic	John F. Fitzgerald	2	0.86%
Republican	Curtis Guild Jr.	1	0.43%
Republican	Robert Luce	1	0.43%
Democratic	Philip J. O'Connell	1	0.43%
Unknown	Olney	1	0.43%
Democratic	Joseph Henry O'Neil	1	0.43%
Unknown	Peters	1	0.43%
Unknown	Pratt	1	0.43%
Unknown	Sawyer	1	0.43%
Unknown	Sweeney	1	0.43%
Unknown	Williams	1	0.43%

Weeks would only serve for one six-year term. He would lose re-election in 1918 to Democrat David I. Walsh.

Michigan

Two-term Republican William A. Smith, whose Senate tenure began weeks before his first full-term began, was re-elected January 14, 1913.

Y William A. Smith (Republican) 74 votes
Alfred Lucking (Democratic) 41 votes
Theodore Joslin (Progressive) 17 votes^[12]

He would retire after this term.

Minnesota

Three-term Republican Knute Nelson was overwhelmingly supported in a 1912 popular election.

Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 62.80%
Daniel W. Lawler (Democratic) 37.21%^[13]

The Minnesota Legislature unanimously ratified the popular vote January 21, 1913:

Minnesota Senate: Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 61 votes (Unanimous)
Minnesota House of Representatives: Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 117 votes (Unanimous)

Nelson later would be re-elected again in 1918 to a fifth term, before his 1923 death.

Mississippi

Mississippi election

← 1912

1 August 1911

1918 →


Nominee	James K. Vardaman	C. H. Alexander
Party	Democratic	Democratic
Popular vote	79,380	31,300
Percentage	60.04%	23.68%


Nominee	LeRoy Percy
Party	Democratic
Popular vote	21,521
Percentage	16.28%

U.S. senator before election

LeRoy Percy
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

James K. Vardaman
Democratic

One-term Democrat LeRoy Percy lost renomination in mid-1911 to white supremacist James K. Vardaman, who was then elected January 16, 1912, to the seat, unopposed.^[2]

Percy had won in 1910 (to finish a vacant term) despite Vardaman's support of a plurality of legislators (all white). The fractured remainder sought to thwart his extreme racial policies. A majority united behind Percy to block Vardaman's election. Percy had advocated education for blacks and worked to improve race relations by appealing to the planters' sense of noblesse oblige. Disenfranchisement of blacks made the Democratic primary the deciding competitive race for state and local offices in Mississippi.

In this rematch, Vardaman's campaign was managed by Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi (and future senator) Theodore Bilbo, who emphasized class tensions and racial segregation, attacking Percy as a representative of the aristocracy of the state and for taking a progressive stance on race relations.

Vardaman, however, would only serve one term, losing renomination in 1918, primarily due to his vote against entry into World War I.

Mississippi Democratic primary
Candidate	Votes	%
James K. Vardaman	79,380	60.04
C. H. Alexander	31,300	23.68
LeRoy Percy	21,521	16.28
Total	132,201	100.00

Source: ^[44]

Montana

One-term Republican Joseph M. Dixon ran for re-election as a Progressive, but lost to Democrat Thomas J. Walsh.

Montana popular election (November 5, 1912)^[14]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Thomas J. Walsh	28,421	41.17%
Progressive	Joseph M. Dixon (Incumbent)	22,161	32.10%
Republican	Henry C. Smith	18,450	26.73%

The Montana Legislature then unanimously elected Walsh January 14, 1913.^[12]

Walsh would be re-elected four more times and serve for 20 years until his 1933 death. Dixon, meanwhile, would go on to become Governor of Montana from 1921 to 1925.

Nebraska

First-term Republican Norris Brown lost renomination to George W. Norris, who was then elected January 21, 1913.

Nebraska Democratic primary (April 19, 1912)^[15]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Ashton C. Shallenberger	27,581	57.61%
Democratic	William H. Thompson	11,993	25.05%
Democratic	Willis E. Reed	5,244	10.95%
Democratic	Robert F. Smith	3,061	6.39%

Nebraska Republican primary (April 19, 1912)^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George W. Norris	38,893	53.98%
	Republican	Norris Brown (Incumbent)	33,156	46.02%

Nebraska popular vote (November 5, 1912)^[45]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George W. Norris	126,022	52.96%
	Democratic	Ashton C. Shallenberger	111,946^[46]	47.04%

Despite the Democratic majority, the Nebraska legislature elected Republican Norris unanimously, upholding the popular vote.^[47]

"The Democratic Legislature will be called upon to elect a Republican for United States Senator. Ninety-five per cent. [sic] of the candidates for the Legislature, in accordance with the Oregon plan, signed "Statement No. 1," which provides that, in the event of election, they will vote for the candidate for United States Senator who obtains the preference vote of the people. Although Congressman Norris, a Progressive Republican, has won the preference vote, returns indicate that a Democratic legislature has been elected."^[48]

Norris would serve for thirty years, winning two more elections as a Republican and one as an Independent but losing re-election in 1942.

Nevada (special)

Republican senator George S. Nixon died June 5, 1912. Republican former-judge William A. Massey was appointed July 1, 1912, to continue the term that would end in 1917, pending a special election. In November 1912, Massey lost the popular vote for the special election to Democratic attorney Key Pittman was elected by the Nevada Legislature January 28, 1913.

Nevada popular vote (November 5, 1912)^[8]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Key Pittman	7,942	39.78%
Republican	William A. Massey (Incumbent)	7,853	39.34%
Socialist	George A. Steele	2,740	13.73%
Progressive	Sardis Summerfield	1,428	7.15%

Pittman had a small plurality in the November 1912 popular vote, but the legislature elected him almost unanimously.

Nevada Senate vote (January 28, 1913)^[49]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Key Pittman	20	90.9%
	Socialist	George A. Steele	2	9.1%

Nevada House of Representatives vote (January 28, 1913)^[50]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Key Pittman	50	98.0%
Socialist	George A. Steele	1	2.0%
Democratic gain from Republican

Massey died the next year, and Pittman would go on to serve for 27 more years and win re-election four times, serving as President pro tempore throughout the New Deal.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire election

← 1907

March 26, 1913 (late)

1918 →


Nominee	Henry F. Hollis	John H. Bartlett
Party	Democratic	Republican
Members' vote	189	121
Percentage	50.94%	32.62%

U.S. senator before election

Henry E. Burnham
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Henry F. Hollis
Democratic

Two-term Republican Henry E. Burnham decided to retire. The New Hampshire legislature failed to elect a new senator after 42 votes, so the March 4, 1913, term begin with the seat vacant.

Finally, on March 26, 1913, on the 43rd vote, Democrat Henry F. Hollis was elected with the required majority, albeit slight. Hollis was a former candidate for U.S. House of Representatives (in 1900), and twice for Governor of New Hampshire (in 1902 and 1904).

New Hampshire legislative vote, class 2 (March 13, 1913)^[24]^[12]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Henry F. Hollis	189	50.94%
Republican	John H. Bartlett	121	32.62%
Republican	Henry B. Quinby	18	4.85%
Republican	Edward N. Pearson	14	3.77%
Progressive	Robert P. Bass	12	3.24%
Republican	Sherman E. Burroughs	5	1.35%
Democratic	Gordon Woodbury	3	0.81%
Democratic	Clarence E. Carr	2	0.54%
Unknown	William D. Swart	2	0.54%
Republican	Thomas Chalmers	1	0.27%
Republican	William Eaton Chandler	1	0.27%
Republican	John Scammon	1	0.27%
Unknown	Bertram Ellis	1	0.27%
Unknown	Henry C. Wells	1	0.27%
Democratic gain from Republican

Hollis would retire after a single term and be replaced, in a popular vote, by Republican Henry W. Keyes.

New Jersey

One-term incumbent Republican Frank O. Briggs lost re-election to Democratic state judge (and former member of the U.S. House) William Hughes. The New Jersey Legislature elected Hughes January 28, 1913.

New Jersey Senate election, January 28, 1913^[51]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William Hughes	12	57.14%
	Republican	Frank O. Briggs (Incumbent)	9	42.86%

New Jersey General Assembly election, January 28, 1913^[51]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William Hughes	51	86.44%
	Republican	Frank O. Briggs (Incumbent)	8	13.56%

New Jersey Legislative election, January 28, 1913^[51]^[12]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	William Hughes	63	78.75%
Republican	Frank O. Briggs (Incumbent)	17	21.25%
Democratic gain from Republican

Briggs, died just a few months later on May 8, 1913. Hughes would not serve the complete term, dying January 30, 1918, just before the next scheduled election.

New Mexico

New Mexico (initial)

New Mexico became a new state January 6, 1912, with senators in classes 1 (ending 1917) and 2 (ending 1913). On March 27, 1912, the state elected its initial senators on the eighth ballot:^[52] Republican Thomas B. Catron, an early advocate for New Mexico statehood who had marshaled the territorial Republican Party to lobby Republicans at the national level for New Mexico's admission to the Union,^[53]^[54]^[55] and Republican Albert B. Fall, a powerful attorney, former territorial attorney general, future Secretary of the Interior, and instigator of the Teapot Dome scandal)

Catron made a personal alliance with Fall, ensuring that each of them would be elected. This alliance antagonized New Mexicans of Spanish heritage, who had hoped that one of their own would become a Senator.^[56]

Y Albert B. Fall (Republican) 39 votes (Class 2) Y Thomas B. Catron (Republican) 38 votes (Class 1) Felix Martinez (Democratic) 25 votes Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 23 votes William G. Mills^[d] (Republican) 7 votes Herbert J. Hagerman (Progressive Republican) 3 votes L. Bradford Prince (Republican) 3 votes Eugene Romero (Republican) 3 votes W. H. Gillenwater (Progressive Republican) 2 votes O. A. Larrazolo (Republican) 2 votes Jose D. Sena (Republican) 1 vote^[2]

New Mexico (regular)

Fall's term would end in March 1913, so he was up for re-election shortly after his initial term began.

The bitterness over Catron and Fall's alliance made Fall a target of the local Republican Party, as they believed Fall had not contributed sufficiently to their efforts to secure New Mexico's statehood, and was not worthy of their nomination. The selection of Catron and Fall also disappointed Hispanics, who had hoped that one of their own would be selected. Fall was also severely disliked by Democrats.

After various votes, the legislature re-elected Fall January 28, 1913. Governor McDonald, on the advice of his Democratic legal advisor, Summers Burkhart, said that the legislature's procedure had been illegal, and failed to sign the credentialing papers in an attempt to oust Fall by forcing a special session of the legislature and a new vote.^[57] The attempt failed; Fall won the special legislative election.^[58]

North Carolina

Two-term Democrat Furnifold Simmons was easily re-elected January 21, 1913. Simmons was a staunch segregationist, white supremacist and a leading perpetrator of the Wilmington insurrection of 1898.

North Carolina Democratic primary (November 5, 1912^[f])^[59]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Furnifold Simmons (Incumbent)	84,687	57.18%
Democratic	William W. Kitchin (Governor)	47,010	31.74%
Democratic	Walter Clark (State judge)	16,418	11.09%

North Carolina legislative election (January 22, 1913)^[60]^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Furnifold Simmons (Incumbent)	144	88.34%
	Republican	Cyrus Thompson (N.C. Secretary of State)	19	11.66%

Simmons would be re-elected twice more after this and serve until 1931, when he fell out with the national Democratic Party.

Oklahoma

One term Democrat Robert L. Owen was re-elected over token opposition from Governor of Oklahoma Charles N. Haskell in the Democratic primary and perennial Republican candidate Joseph Dickerson.

Oklahoma Democratic primary (August 6, 1912)^[61]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Robert L. Owen (Incumbent)	80,204	64.32%
	Democratic	Charles N. Haskell	44,483	35.68%
Turnout				7.52%

Oklahoma popular election (November 5, 1912)^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Robert L. Owen (Incumbent)	126,418	50.43%
	Republican	Joseph Dickerson	83,429	33.28%
	Socialist	John Wills	40,860	16.3%
Turnout				15.13%

Owen was formally and unanimously elected by the Oklahoma Legislature January 21, 1913.^[62]^[12]

Owen would run for U.S. president (failing to achieve his party's nomination), and then serve a third and final term as the young state's initial Class 2 senator, retiring in 1925.

Oregon

One-term Republican Jonathan Bourne Jr. had championed direct-election of senators but lost renomination as a Republican. He then ran in the popular election as a "Popular Government" candidate, but also lost re-election. Democratic Mayor of Portland Harry Lane was elected.

The ballot was cluttered. In addition to the Lane and Ben Selling, candidate of the conservative wing of the Republican Party, progressive Republicans had other electoral alternatives, including the candidate and the incumbent senator Jonathan Bourne Jr., who had failed to win the renomination of the Republican party and ran as the "Popular Government" nominee as a result. Meanwhile, Benjamin F. Ramp stood for the Socialists and yet another candidate was the nominee of the Prohibition Party.^[63] Each of these six candidates took more than 5% of the vote — a fact which enabled the Lane to win election with a plurality of the vote in solidly Republican Oregon.^[63] Intent on proving himself a man of the people, Harry Lane set what might be a record for campaign frugality in his victorious effort, with his entire race run for $75 plus travel expenses.^[64]

Oregon popular vote, class 2 (November 5, 1912)^[18]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Harry Lane	40,172	30.07%
Republican	Ben Selling	38,453	28.79%
Popular Government	Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Incumbent)	25,929	19.41%
Socialist	Benjamin F. Ramp	11,093	8.31%
Progressive	A. E. Clark	11,083	8.30%
Prohibition	B. Lee Paget	6,848	5.13%
Democratic gain from Republican

The Oregon Legislature thereupon elected Lane to the seat January 21, 1913,^[12] ratifying the popular selection made in the November 1912 elections.

Election by the Oregon Senate, January 21, 1913^[65]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Harry Lane	28	93.3%
	Republican	Ben Selling	2	6.7%

Both senators voting for Selling declared that they voted to protest a new system of nomination.

Election by the Oregon House of Representatives election, January 21, 1913^[66]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Harry Lane	59	98.3%
	Republican	Ben Selling	1	1.7%

Lane died in office on May 23, 1917.

Rhode Island

Three-term Republican George P. Wetmore retired and was replaced by Republican judge LeBaron Colt January 21, 1913.

Election by the Rhode Island Senate, January 21, 1913^[67]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	LeBaron Colt	32	82.1%
	Democratic	Addison P. Munroe	5	12.8%
	Progressive	George W. Parks	2	5.1%
Turnout			39	100%

Both senators voting for Selling declared that they voted to protest a new system of nomination.

Election by the Rhode Island House of Representatives election, January 21, 1913^[67]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	LeBaron Colt	56	56.0%
	Democratic	Addison P. Munroe	37	37.0%
	Progressive	George W. Parks	7	7.0%
Turnout			100	100%

The following day, the Joint Assembly formally declared Colt elected. Colt resigned February 7, 1913, from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, in which he'd served since 1891.

When asked concerning his ideas on national issues Judge Colt replied that he was still a member of the court, and until his resignation he did not think it would be dignified or courteous to talk upon the subject."^[19]

Colt would be re-elected in 1918, and die near the end of that second term on August 18, 1924.

South Carolina

The South Carolina race was mostly a Democratic primary election held the previous summer on August 27, 1912. The Democratic Party of South Carolina organized primary elections for the U.S. Senate beginning in 1896 and the General Assembly would confirm the choice of the Democratic voters.

Incumbent Democrat Benjamin Tillman, serving since 1895, drew opposition in the Democratic primary for the first time during his career. He had long avoided any opposition because of his influence in the Democratic Party in the state, but by 1912 he had moderated his positions and lost the radical edge that had allowed him to build up a hard core following of support. The radicals in the state electorate had thrown their support to Coleman Livingston Blease in the gubernatorial election of 1910 and the Bleasites were determined to knock his chief opponent, Tillman, out of office. W. Jasper Talbert emerged as the candidate of the Bleasites and Nathaniel B. Dial entered the race as an alternative to the two. The voters of the state split their support between the Tillmanite and Bleasite factions as both Tillman and Blease won their respective primaries.

Tillman won the Democratic primary.

South Carolina Democratic primary^[68]
Candidate	Votes	%
Benjamin Tillman	73,148	52.7
W. Jasper Talbert	37,141	26.8
Nathaniel B. Dial	28,476	20.5

Tillman was then re-elected January 28, 1913, by the General Assembly for another six-year term.

Election by the South Carolina legislature:

Vote in the South Carolina Senate: Unanimous (37 votes of 37 senators voting)^[69]
Vote in the South Carolina House of Representatives: Unanimous (114 votes of the 114 members voting)^[69]

South Dakota

Two-term Republican Robert J. Gamble lost renomination.

South Dakota Republican primary, June 4, 1912^[70]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Thomas Sterling	25,896	35.00%
	Republican	Robert J. Gamble (Incumbent)	25,161	34.01%
	Republican	Richard Olsen Richards	16,983	22.96%
	Republican	Melvin Grigsby	5,941	8.03%
Turnout			73,981	12.67%

Republican Thomas Sterling was then elected January 22, 1913, with 97 votes^[21]

Tennessee

One-term Democrat Robert Love Taylor died March 31, 1912, and Republican Newell Sanders was appointed in his place, pending a special election. Sanders was not a candidate either election

The Tennessee legislature elected two senators: one to the next term and one to finish the current term.

Tennessee (regular)

Chief Justice Of The Tennessee Supreme Court John K. Shields was elected January 23, 1913, to the next term beginning March 4, 1913. He had not been a candidate in the special election.

General election by the Tennessee Legislature, January 23, 1913 (Seventh Ballot)^[71]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John K. Shields	69	52.7%
	Independent Democratic	Charles T. Cates Jr.	61	46.6%
		Present but not voting	1	0.8%
Turnout			130	96%

Shields would be re-elected in 1918, but lose renomination in 1924.

Tennessee (special)

Democrat William R. Webb, the founder of the Webb School and former Confederate soldier, was elected January 23, 1913, to finish the term ending March 3, 1913. Webb was not a candidate in the general election.

Special election by the Tennessee Legislature, January 24, 1913^[72]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William R. Webb	73	57.0%
	Democratic	M. T. Bryan	53	41.4%
	Democratic	J. A. Clement	1	0.8%
	Democratic	C. W. Tyler	1	0.8%
Turnout			128	96%

The election was then made unanimous by motion of the joint convention.^[72]

Texas

1913 United States Special Senate election in Texas

← 1907

January 28, 1913

1918 →

Needed to win: Majority of votes cast in both houses^[g]

	Majority party	Minority party	Third party

Candidate	Morris Sheppard	Rienzi M. Johnston	Choice B. Randell
Party	Democratic	Democratic	Democratic
Senate ballot	17 (58.6%)	12 (41.3%)	—
House ballot	87 (61.2%)	54 (38.0%)	1 (0.70%)

Senate ballot

House ballot

Sheppard

Not Voting

Johnston

Randall

U.S. Senator before election

Rienzi M. Johnston
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Morris Sheppard
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Joseph Weldon Bailey resigned January 3, 1913, and Democrat Rienzi M. Johnston was appointed January 4, 1913, to continue the term, pending a special election. In fact, Texas held would hold two elections January 28, 1913: a special election for the term ending March 3, 1913, and a general election for the next term starting March 4, 1913, both were won by Democratic congressman Morris Sheppard.

Texas (special)

There was a Democratic Primary July 27, 1912. Morris Sheppard, C. B. Randell, Mat Zollner, and Jake Wolters were candidates. Sheppard received a plurality of the vote.^[73]^[74]

Texas Democratic Primary (1912)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Morris Sheppard	182,907	48.94%
	Democratic	Jacob F. Wolters	146,214	39.12%
	Democratic	Choice B. Randell	40,693	10.89%
	Democratic	Matthew Zollner	3,960	1.06%
Total votes			373,774	100.00%

Appointee Rienzi M. Johnston ran for but lost election to finish the shortened term.

Special election by the Texas Legislature, January 29, 1913^[75]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Morris Sheppard	104	60.8%
Democratic	Rienzi M. Johnston	66	38.6%
Democratic	Choice B. Randell	1	0.6%

Following his brief 25-day Senate term, Johnston returned to Houston and resumed his role as editor of the Houston Post. He retired from the newspaper business in 1919.^[76]

Texas (regular)

Perhaps due to the overwhelming support for the special election, Sheppard had no opposition in the subsequent general election.

Special election by the Texas Legislature, January 29, 1913^[77]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Morris Sheppard	172	100.0%

Sheppard would win re-election four times, serving until his death in 1941.

Virginia

Virginia held non-binding primaries September 7, 1911, for both the class 2 seat held by Democrat Thomas S. Martin, who was running for re-election, and the class 1 seat held by Democrat Claude Swanson, who had been appointed to fill a vacancy.^[78]

Virginia (special)

Democrat John W. Daniel died June 29, 1910, and Democrat Claude A. Swanson, a former Governor of Virginia and former Congressman, was appointed August 1, 1910, to finish the term ending March 1911 and again appointed February 28, 1911, to begin the 1911–1917 term, pending a special election.

Swanson won the class 1 Democratic primary for the term ending in 1917 with 67,495 votes over (future senator) Carter Glass's 28,757 votes.^[79]

On January 24, 1912, the Virginia General Assembly unanimously elected Swanson.^[80]^[81]

Virginia Senate election, January 23, 1912^[82]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Claude A. Swanson (incumbent)	34	100%

Virginia House of Delegates election, January 23, 1912^[82]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Claude A. Swanson (incumbent)	83	100%

Virginia (regular)

Three-term incumbent Democrat Thomas S. Martin won the Democratic primary for the class 2 term ending in 1919, receiving 57,120 votes to 25,005 for William Atkinson Jones.

On January 24, 1912, the Virginia General Assembly unanimously elected Martin.^[80]^[81]

Virginia Senate election, January 23, 1912^[82]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas S. Martin (incumbent)	34	100%

Virginia House of Delegates election, January 23, 1912^[82]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas S. Martin (incumbent)	85	100%

West Virginia

Democrat Clarence Watson had been elected in 1911 to finish a vacant term, but he lost re-election February 21, 1913, to Republican federal judge Nathan Goff Jr. after multiple deadlocked ballots.

Election in the joint assembly of the West Virginia Legislature, February 21, 1913^[22]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Nathan Goff Jr.	60	56.6%
Democratic	Clarence W. Watson (incumbent)	43	40.6%
Democratic	Robert W. Dailey	1	0.9%
Democratic	John W. Davis	1	0.9%
Democratic	John W. Hamilton	1	0.9%

Goff would remain a judge until April 1, 1913, before taking his Senate seat. He would only serve the one term, retiring in 1919 due to ill-health and having barely cast any roll call votes throughout his Senate career. Goff held onto his seat despite being almost entirely absent from his duties in the Senate.

Wyoming

Four-term Republican Francis E. Warren was re-elected January 28, 1913.

Election in the Wyoming Senate, January 28, 1913 ^[83]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Francis E. Warren (incumbent)	16	61.5%
	Democratic	John B. Kendrick	10	38.5%

Election in the Wyoming House of Representatives, January 28, 1913 ^[84]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Francis E. Warren (incumbent)	29	51.8%
Democratic	John B. Kendrick	27	48.2%
	Not voting	1

Kendrick would be elected to the other seat in 1916.

Warren would be re-elected two more times, becoming the Dean of the United States Senate, and serve until his death in 1929.

Notes

^ as Democratic Conference Chairman
^ as Republican Conference Chairman
^ ^a ^b Appointee elected
^ ^a ^b [sic], probably "William J. Mills"
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Senator was selected by some form of direct voting and then subsequently elected by state legislatures.
^ Date might be incorrect, as it is the date of the general popular election.
^ Senate ballot: 29 votes cast, 15 needed for a majority
House ballot: 142 votes cast, 71 needed for a majority

References

^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p United States Senators Chosen, 1912, p. 457.
^ ^a ^b "AZ US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Byrd, p. 118.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 458.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 460.
^ "Brady named senator for short term". Spokane Daily Chronicle. (Washington). January 24, 1913. p. 1.
^ ^a ^b "Our Campaigns - NV US Senate - Special Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "CO US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ United States Senators Chosen, 1913, pp. 458–459.
^ ^a ^b "KS US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 459.
^ ^a ^b "MN US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ ^a ^b "MT US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "NE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ "NE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ ^a ^b "OK US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 31, 2020., citing United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997 The Official Results Michael J. Dubin
^ ^a ^b "OR US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ ^a ^b The New York Times, January 22, 1913, p. 4.
^ "SD US Senate - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
^ ^a ^b United States Senators Chosen, 1913, pp. 459–460.
^ ^a ^b ^c Journal of the Senate of the state of West Virginia. Charleston, West Virginia. 1913. p. 790. hdl:2027/uiug.30112105338435.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New Hampshire, 1913. pp. 27–28. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "NH US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "U.S. Senate: The Election Case of William P. Jackson v. Blair Lee of Maryland (1914)". www.senate.gov. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
^ United States Senators Chosen, 1911, p. 455.
^ "Henry Fountain Ashurst Dead; Former Senator from Arizona". The New York Times. June 1, 1962. p. 27.
^ Johnston, Alva (December 25, 1937). "The Dean of Inconsistency". The Saturday Evening Post. 210: 23, 38–40.
^ "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Mar 27, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com.
^ Fazio 1970, p. 55.
^ Goff 1985, p. 145.
^ "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Dec 12, 1911". www.ourcampaigns.com.
^ Goff 1989, p. 60.
^ "IL US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
^ Taylor, Julius F. "The Broad Ax". Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
^ "Lorimer ousted by decisive vote". The New York Times. July 14, 1912.
^ "Lorimer never elected". The New York Times. July 18, 1912.
^ "IL US Senate Special". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Senate Journal. Proceedings of the Senate of the State of Kansas. Vol. Eighteenth biennial session, Topeka, January 14 to March 17, 1913. Topeka, Kansas: W. C. Austin, State Printer. 1913.
^ United States Congress (1917). Official Congressional Directory, Volume 64, Issue 2, Part 2; Volume 65. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 42 – via Google Books.
^ Abrams, Richard (1964). Conservatism in a Progressive Era: Massachusetts Politics 1900-1912. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 285. OCLC 475077.
^ "REPUBLICANS READY TO ELECT MR. WEEKS BAY STATE SENATOR". The Christian Science Monitor. January 14, 1913. p. 1.
^ ^a ^b "Our Campaigns - MA US Senate Race - Jan 14, 1913". www.ourcampaigns.com.
^ Rowland, Dunbar (1904). The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi, 1912. Nashville, Tennessee: Press of Brandon Printing Company. pp. 124–125.
^ "Senate journal of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska. 1913". Senate and House Journals of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska: 62. 1935.
^ Congress, United States (1915). Official Congressional Directory. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 61.
^ "Senate journal of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska. 1913". Senate and House Journals of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska: 153. 1935.
^ "Wilson's Nebraska Lead 31,000". The New York Times. November 8, 1912. p. 4.
^ "The Journal of the Senate of the Special Session of the Legislature of the State of Nevada. 1912". Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate. Carson City, Nevada: 21. 1913. hdl:2027/uiug.30112108077089.
^ The Journal of the Assembly of the Special Session of the Legislature of the State of Nevada. 1912. Carson City, Nevada. 1913. p. 28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Journal of the Senate of the State of New Jersey. 1913. 1845.
^ "NEW MEXICO SENATORS". The New York Times. March 28, 1912. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
^ Prince, Le Baron Bradford (1910). New Mexico's Struggle for Statehood. New Mexican Printing Company. p. 91.
^ Larson, Robert W. (August 15, 2013). New Mexico's Quest for Statehood, 1846-1912. UNM Press. p. 98. ISBN 9780826329479.
^ McCord, Richard (2009). Santa Fe Living Treasures: Our Elders, Our Hearts. Sunstone Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780865347205.
^ "New Mexico Natives Bitter Over Defeat" (PDF). The New York Times. April 7, 1912.
^ Twitchell, Ralph Emerson (1911). The Leading Facts of New Mexican History. Vol. V. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Torch Press. p. 122. OCLC 3828708.
^ Twitchell, p. 203.
^ "NC US Senate - D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
^ "NC US Senate". Our Campaigns. January 22, 1913. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
^ "OK US Senate - D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 31, 2020., citing 1947 Oklahoma Almanac, p. 90
^ Journal of the Senate of the Fourth Legislature of the State of Oklahoma.
^ ^a ^b Leip, Dave (ed.). "1912 Senatorial General Election Results - Oregon, Atlas of US Presidential Elections" – via www.uselectionatlas.org.
^ Johnston, Robert D. (2003). The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 30.
^ Journal of the Senate of the Twenty-seventh Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon. 1913. p. 126.
^ Journal of the House the Twenty-seventh Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon. 1913. p. 123.
^ ^a ^b Manual - the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. 1914. p. 165.
^ "Our Campaigns - SC US Senate - D Primary Race - Aug 27, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Journal of the Senate of the State of South Carolina 1913. pp. 246–247.
^ "SD US Senate - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
^ House journal of the Fifty-Eighth General Assembly of the State of Tennessee. 1913-1913B. Nashville, Tennessee: McQuiddy Printing Company. 1913. pp. 132–133. hdl:2027/uiug.30112110909360.
^ ^a ^b House journal of the Fifty-Eighth General Assembly of the State of Tennessee. 1913-1913B. Nashville, Tennessee: McQuiddy Printing Company. 1913. pp. 142–143. hdl:2027/uiug.30112110909360.
^ Journal of the Senate of Texas begin the Regular Session of the Thirty-Third Legislature. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Printers. 1913. pp. 162–163. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068359564.
^ Kingston, Mike; Attlesey, Sam; Crawford, Mary G. (1992). The Texas Almanac's Political History of Texas (1st ed.). Austin, Texas: Eakin Press. pp. 118–121. ISBN 0-89015-855-X.
^ Journal of the Senate of Texas begin the Regular Session of the Thirty-Third Legislature. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Printers. 1913. p. 174. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068359564.
^ "Johnston, Rienzi Melville". Texas State Historical Association. June 15, 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
^ Journal of the Senate of Texas begin the Regular Session of the Thirty-Third Legislature. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Printers. 1913. p. 175. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068359564.
^ "Martin-Swanson Majority Swells". Newport Daily Press. Newport News, Virginia. September 9, 1911. p. 1.
^ Bell, James B. (1911). Congressional Directory, 62nd Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 107.
^ ^a ^b "Return Martin to Senate: Virginia Assembly Re-Elects him Senator, also Elects Swanson". Belvidere Daily Republican. Belvidere, IL. January 25, 1912. p. 1.
^ ^a ^b "Returned to United States Senate by Vieginia". New Philadelphia Daily Times. New Philadelphia, Ohio. January 25, 1912. p. 8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia. 1912. p. 184.
^ Senate Journal of the Twelfth State Legislature of Wyoming 1913. Laramie, Wyoming: The Laramie Republican Company. 1913. p. 88. hdl:2027/uc1.b2884355.
^ House Journal of the Twelfth State Legislature of Wyoming 1913. Laramie, Wyoming: The Laramie Republican Company. 1913. pp. 89–90. hdl:2027/uc1.b2884145.

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"United States Senate".
"COLT MADE SENATOR". The New York Times. January 22, 1913. p. 4., with election stories from Rhode Island, Iowa, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Minnesota, South Dakota, Oregon, Delaware, New Hampshire, Tennessee, Wyoming, Idaho, West Virginia, and Illinois. Some are results and some are deadlocks.
"United States Senators Chosen, 1911". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1912. New York: The Tribune Association. 1912. pp. 455–458 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
"United States Senators Chosen, 1912". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1913. New York: The Tribune Association. 1913. p. 457 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
"United States Senators Chosen, 1913". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1914. New York: The Tribune Association. 1914. pp. 458–460 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563 – via Google Books.
Fazio, Steven A. (Spring 1970). "Marcus Aurelius Smith: Arizona Delegate and Senator". Arizona and the West. 12 (1): 23–62. JSTOR 40168029.
Goff, John S. (1985). Arizona Territorial Officials Volume III: The Delegates to Congress 1863-1912. Cave Creek, Arizona: Black Mountain Press. OCLC 12559708.
Goff, John S. (1989). Marcus A. Smith. Arizona biographical series. Vol. 5. Cave Creek, Arizona: Black Mountain Press. OCLC 21013345.

[1] s Democratic Conference Chairman

[2] s Republican Conference Chairman

[Appointee_elected-4] Appointee elected

[Mills-6] [sic], probably "William J. Mills"

[direct-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Senator was selected by some form of direct voting and then subsequently elected by state legislatures.

[64] Date might be incorrect, as it is the date of the general popular election.

[79] Senate ballot: 29 votes cast, 15 needed for a majority
House ballot: 142 votes cast, 71 needed for a majority

[3] "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.

[FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1912457-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p United States Senators Chosen, 1912, p. 457.

[Arizona-7] "AZ US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[FOOTNOTEByrd118-8] Byrd, p. 118.

[FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1913458-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 458.

[FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1913460-10] United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 460.

[bnsfshtm-11] "Brady named senator for short term". Spokane Daily Chronicle. (Washington). January 24, 1913. p. 1.

[NevadaPopular-13] "Our Campaigns - NV US Senate - Special Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 21, 2017.

[Colorado_popular_class_2-14] "CO US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1913458–459-15] United States Senators Chosen, 1913, pp. 458–459.

[KansasPopular-16] "KS US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1913459-17] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 459.

[MinnesotaPopular-18] "MN US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[MTPopular-19] "MT US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[NebraskaPrimary-20] "NE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[21] "NE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[OklahomaPopular-22] "OK US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 31, 2020., citing United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997 The Official Results Michael J. Dubin

[Ourcampaigns.com_267715-23] "OR US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_January_22,_19134-24] The New York Times, January 22, 1913, p. 4.

[25] "SD US Senate - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 28, 2013.

[FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1913459–460-26] United States Senators Chosen, 1913, pp. 459–460.

[WestVirginia-27] Journal of the Senate of the state of West Virginia. Charleston, West Virginia. 1913. p. 790. hdl:2027/uiug.30112105338435.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[28] Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New Hampshire, 1913. pp. 27–28. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.

[New_Hampshire_legislature,_class_2-29] "NH US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 12, 2020.

[auto-30] "U.S. Senate: The Election Case of William P. Jackson v. Blair Lee of Maryland (1914)". www.senate.gov. Retrieved December 21, 2017.

[FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1911455-31] United States Senators Chosen, 1911, p. 455.

[Times_obit-32] "Henry Fountain Ashurst Dead; Former Senator from Arizona". The New York Times. June 1, 1962. p. 27.

[Dean_of_Inconsistency-33] Johnston, Alva (December 25, 1937). "The Dean of Inconsistency". The Saturday Evening Post. 210: 23, 38–40.

[34] "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Mar 27, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[FOOTNOTEFazio197055-35] Fazio 1970, p. 55.

[FOOTNOTEGoff1985145-36] Goff 1985, p. 145.

[37] "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Dec 12, 1911". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[FOOTNOTEGoff198960-38] Goff 1989, p. 60.

[Illinois_legislature,_class_2-39] "IL US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 27, 2020.

[ShermanPic-40] Taylor, Julius F. "The Broad Ax". Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections. Retrieved June 22, 2015.

[41] "Lorimer ousted by decisive vote". The New York Times. July 14, 1912.

[42] "Lorimer never elected". The New York Times. July 18, 1912.

[Illinois_legislature,_class_3-43] "IL US Senate Special". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 27, 2020.

[KSSenate-44] Senate Journal. Proceedings of the Senate of the State of Kansas. Vol. Eighteenth biennial session, Topeka, January 14 to March 17, 1913. Topeka, Kansas: W. C. Austin, State Printer. 1913.

[Directory-45] United States Congress (1917). Official Congressional Directory, Volume 64, Issue 2, Part 2; Volume 65. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 42 – via Google Books.

[46] Abrams, Richard (1964). Conservatism in a Progressive Era: Massachusetts Politics 1900-1912. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 285. OCLC 475077.

[caucus1-47] "REPUBLICANS READY TO ELECT MR. WEEKS BAY STATE SENATOR". The Christian Science Monitor. January 14, 1913. p. 1.

[MassOurC-48] "Our Campaigns - MA US Senate Race - Jan 14, 1913". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[49] Rowland, Dunbar (1904). The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi, 1912. Nashville, Tennessee: Press of Brandon Printing Company. pp. 124–125.

[50] "Senate journal of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska. 1913". Senate and House Journals of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska: 62. 1935.

[51] Congress, United States (1915). Official Congressional Directory. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 61.

[52] "Senate journal of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska. 1913". Senate and House Journals of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska: 153. 1935.

[53] "Wilson's Nebraska Lead 31,000". The New York Times. November 8, 1912. p. 4.

[54] "The Journal of the Senate of the Special Session of the Legislature of the State of Nevada. 1912". Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate. Carson City, Nevada: 21. 1913. hdl:2027/uiug.30112108077089.

[55] The Journal of the Assembly of the Special Session of the Legislature of the State of Nevada. 1912. Carson City, Nevada. 1913. p. 28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[NJElection-56] Journal of the Senate of the State of New Jersey. 1913. 1845.

[57] "NEW MEXICO SENATORS". The New York Times. March 28, 1912. Retrieved March 26, 2020.

[58] Prince, Le Baron Bradford (1910). New Mexico's Struggle for Statehood. New Mexican Printing Company. p. 91.

[59] Larson, Robert W. (August 15, 2013). New Mexico's Quest for Statehood, 1846-1912. UNM Press. p. 98. ISBN 9780826329479.

[60] McCord, Richard (2009). Santa Fe Living Treasures: Our Elders, Our Hearts. Sunstone Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780865347205.

[61] "New Mexico Natives Bitter Over Defeat" (PDF). The New York Times. April 7, 1912.

[62] Twitchell, Ralph Emerson (1911). The Leading Facts of New Mexican History. Vol. V. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Torch Press. p. 122. OCLC 3828708.

[FOOTNOTETwitchell203-63] Twitchell, p. 203.

[North_Carolina_Democratic_primary-65] "NC US Senate - D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 31, 2020.

[North_Carolina_Legislative-66] "NC US Senate". Our Campaigns. January 22, 1913. Retrieved May 31, 2020.

[OklahomaPrimary-67] "OK US Senate - D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 31, 2020., citing 1947 Oklahoma Almanac, p. 90

[68] Journal of the Senate of the Fourth Legislature of the State of Oklahoma.

[Leip-69] Leip, Dave (ed.). "1912 Senatorial General Election Results - Oregon, Atlas of US Presidential Elections" – via www.uselectionatlas.org.

[Johnston30-70] Johnston, Robert D. (2003). The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 30.

[OregonSenate-71] Journal of the Senate of the Twenty-seventh Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon. 1913. p. 126.

[OregonHouse-72] Journal of the House the Twenty-seventh Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon. 1913. p. 123.

[RhodeIslandManual-73] Manual - the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. 1914. p. 165.

[74] "Our Campaigns - SC US Senate - D Primary Race - Aug 27, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 3, 2020.

[SouthCarolinaLegislature-75] Journal of the Senate of the State of South Carolina 1913. pp. 246–247.

[SouthDakotaRepublican-76] "SD US Senate - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved June 3, 2020.

[TennesseeJournalGeneral-77] House journal of the Fifty-Eighth General Assembly of the State of Tennessee. 1913-1913B. Nashville, Tennessee: McQuiddy Printing Company. 1913. pp. 132–133. hdl:2027/uiug.30112110909360.

[TennesseeJournal-78] House journal of the Fifty-Eighth General Assembly of the State of Tennessee. 1913-1913B. Nashville, Tennessee: McQuiddy Printing Company. 1913. pp. 142–143. hdl:2027/uiug.30112110909360.

[80] Journal of the Senate of Texas begin the Regular Session of the Thirty-Third Legislature. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Printers. 1913. pp. 162–163. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068359564.

[81] Kingston, Mike; Attlesey, Sam; Crawford, Mary G. (1992). The Texas Almanac's Political History of Texas (1st ed.). Austin, Texas: Eakin Press. pp. 118–121. ISBN 0-89015-855-X.

[TexasSpecial-82] Journal of the Senate of Texas begin the Regular Session of the Thirty-Third Legislature. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Printers. 1913. p. 174. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068359564.

[Johnston-83] "Johnston, Rienzi Melville". Texas State Historical Association. June 15, 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2018.

[TexasGeneral-84] Journal of the Senate of Texas begin the Regular Session of the Thirty-Third Legislature. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Printers. 1913. p. 175. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068359564.

[85] "Martin-Swanson Majority Swells". Newport Daily Press. Newport News, Virginia. September 9, 1911. p. 1.

[86] Bell, James B. (1911). Congressional Directory, 62nd Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 107.

[Belvidere-87] "Return Martin to Senate: Virginia Assembly Re-Elects him Senator, also Elects Swanson". Belvidere Daily Republican. Belvidere, IL. January 25, 1912. p. 1.

[NewPhilly-88] "Returned to United States Senate by Vieginia". New Philadelphia Daily Times. New Philadelphia, Ohio. January 25, 1912. p. 8.

[VAHouse-89] Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia. 1912. p. 184.

[WyomingSenate-90] Senate Journal of the Twelfth State Legislature of Wyoming 1913. Laramie, Wyoming: The Laramie Republican Company. 1913. p. 88. hdl:2027/uc1.b2884355.

[WyomingHouse-91] House Journal of the Twelfth State Legislature of Wyoming 1913. Laramie, Wyoming: The Laramie Republican Company. 1913. pp. 89–90. hdl:2027/uc1.b2884145.

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Results summary

Change in composition

Before the elections

Results of elections before the next Congress

Beginning of the next Congress, March 4, 1913

Beginning of the first session, April 7, 1913

Complete list of races

Special elections during the 62nd Congress

Races leading to the 63rd Congress

Early election to the following Congress

Elections during the 63rd Congress

Alabama

Arkansas

Arkansas (special)

Arkansas (regular)

Arizona

Colorado

Colorado (regular)

Colorado (special)

Delaware

Georgia

Idaho

Idaho (regular)

Idaho (special)

Illinois

Illinois (regular)

Illinois (special)

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Louisiana (regular, class 2)

Louisiana (regular, class 3)

Maine

Maine (special)

Maine (regular)

Maryland (special)

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada (special)

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New Mexico (initial)

New Mexico (regular)

North Carolina

Oklahoma

Oregon

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Tennessee (regular)

Tennessee (special)

Texas

Texas (special)

Texas (regular)

Virginia

Virginia (special)

Virginia (regular)

West Virginia

Wyoming

See also

Notes

References

Sources