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Wagon Bed Spring

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Coordinates: 37°23′54″N 101°22′15″W / 37.39833°N 101.37083°W / 37.39833; -101.37083
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Lower Cimarron Spring
View of the spring site
Wagon Bed Spring is located in Kansas
Wagon Bed Spring
Wagon Bed Spring is located in the United States
Wagon Bed Spring
Nearest cityUlysses, Kansas
Coordinates37°23′54″N 101°22′15″W / 37.39833°N 101.37083°W / 37.39833; -101.37083
Area195 acres (79 ha) (after 1998 enlargement)
Built1820 (1820)
NRHP reference No.66000344
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[1]
Boundary increaseAugust 5, 1998
Designated NHLDecember 19, 1960[2]

Wagon Bed Spring, also known historically as the Lower Spring or Lower Cimarron Spring, is a historic former spring in Grant County, Kansas, United States. It is located about 12 miles (19 km) south of Ulysses, on the west side of United States Route 270.[3] In the 19th century it was an important watering spot on the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail, where migrants on the trail often camped. The spring is now dry, primarily due to irrigation lowering the water table in the area. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.[2][3][4]

Description

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Wagon Bed Spring is located at what was historically the north bank of the Cimarron River, in a rural setting about 12 miles (19 km) south of Ulysses, Kansas. The site is marked by interpretive signage. The river is a historically intermittent stream, and its channel has been altered since the 19th century by flooding, and the actual spring site is now in the river bed. The flow of the spring came from an outcropping of the Ogallala Formation. Center pivot irrigation adjacent to the spring resulted in lowering of the water table and the spring ceased to flow in the 1960s.[3]

The site is historically and archaeologically significant as a major migrant camp site on the Santa Fe Trail. The spring was one of the few reliable sources of water along the Cimarron Cutoff between the watersheds of the Arkansas and Cimarron Rivers, and many migrant and military groups camped here in the 60 years or so that the trail was used.[3] Mountain man Jedediah Smith was probably killed here or near here on May 27, 1831 by Comanches.[5]

The Daughters of the American Revolution placed a historic marker near the spring in 1907. In 1914, a series of floods on the Cimarron River began to significantly alter the topography of the area, eventually placing the location within a much widened river bed. The site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, but its boundaries were not precisely delineated. It had also not been investigated archaeologically to any significant degree, although numerous accounts give descriptions of the site over time. Amateur investigations in the 1980s suggested that major elements of the site, in particular the places where migrant groups camped, fell outside the assumed boundaries of the site. The National Park Service instituted formal investigations in the early 1990s resulted in a formal characterization of the spring area, and identification of the core areas used for camping. The landmarked area also includes sections of preserved wagon ruts.[3]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ a b "Lower Cimarron Spring". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
  3. ^ a b c d e Whitacre, Christine; De Vore, Steven (March 17, 1997). Patty Henry (ed.). "LOWER CIMARRON SPRING NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION USDI/NPS" (PDF). National Park Service. p. 36. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  4. ^ "Accompanying nine photos, site and artifacts, from 1993". National Park Service. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
  5. ^ Morgan, Dale L. (1964) [1953]. Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the American West. Bison Book. Lincoln, London: University of Nebraska Books. p. 330. ISBN 0-8032-5138-6.
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