Pateros

For the city in the United States, see Pateros, Washington.

Pateros
Municipality
From top, left to right : Pateros Church • Pateros Catholic School • Pateros Municipal Hall • Dulumbayan Memorial Monument • Pateros Downtown area • Town Plaza
Flag Seal Wordmark
Nickname(s):  Balut Capital of the Philippines; Small Town with a Big Heart
Motto(s):  Isang Pateros English: One Pateros
Anthem: Himno ng Pateros English: Pateros Hymn
Pateros Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°32′41″N 121°04′02″E
Country	Philippines
Region	National Capital Region
District	Lone district, shared with Taguig
Founded	1799
Reorganization	March 29, 1900
Chartered	January 1, 1909
Named for	"Criadores de Patos" (Duck Raisers)
Barangays	10 (see Barangays)
Government
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• Mayor	Miguel "Ike" F. Ponce III (Aksyon)
• Vice Mayor	Carlo U. Santos (Nacionalista)
• Representative	Ricardo "Ading" S. Cruz Jr. (Nacionalista)
• Council	Members First District     • Allan Dela Cruz     • Hapon Abiño     • Jay Mabanglo     • Nap Dionisio     • Ador Rosales     • Mil Villegas Second District     • Bojic Raymundo     • RSM Miranda     • Jeric Reyes     • Alden Mangoba     • Ayie Ampe     • Joven Gatpayat
• Electorate	39,273 voters (2022)
Area
• Total	1.66 km2 (0.64 sq mi)
Elevation	14 m (46 ft)
Highest elevation	136 m (446 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2020 census)
• Total	65,227
• Density	39,000/km2 (100,000/sq mi)
• Households	15,838
Economy
• Income class	1st municipal income class
• Poverty incidence	2.90 % (2021)
• Revenue	₱ 267.6 million (2020)
• Assets	₱ 476.7 million (2020)
• Expenditure	₱ 240.4 million (2020)
• Liabilities	₱ 184.1 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Manila Electric Company (Meralco)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PHT)
ZIP code	1620–1622
PSGC	1381701000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)02
Native languages	Tagalog
Catholic diocese	Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig
Website	pateros.gov.ph

Pateros, officially the Municipality of Pateros (Tagalog: [pɐˈtɛɾɔs]; Filipino: Bayan ng Pateros), is the lone municipality of Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 65,227 people.

This municipality is famous for its duck-raising industry and especially for producing balut, a Filipino delicacy, which is a boiled, fertilized duck egg. Pateros is also known for the production of red salty eggs and "inutak", a local rice cake. Moreover, the town is known for manufacturing of "alfombra", a locally-made footwear with a carpet-like fabric on its top surface. Pateros is bordered by the highly urbanized cities of Pasig to the north, and by Taguig to the east, west and south.

Pateros is the smallest municipality both in population and in land area, in Metro Manila, but it is the second most densely populated at around 37,000 inhabitants per square kilometer or 96,000 inhabitants per square mile after the capital city of Manila.

Etymology

The name Pateros is most likely derived from the duck-raising industry. The Tagalog word (of Spanish origin) for "duck" is pato and pateros, "duck-raisers". The early 19th-century U.S. diplomat Edmund Roberts used Duck-town, another name for Pateros, stating that he "never before saw so many ducks together" in one place. The duck reference is perfectly suited for Pateros, whose popular culinary specialty is a street food called Balut (food), a fertilized developing duck embryo that is boiled and eaten from the shell. Several balutans offer different and unique cuisine as well as street merchants selling them on the side of the road.

History

Spanish colonial era

1821 Idyllic Painting of Pateros by José Honorato Lozano, showing the duck farms on the river banks that are the namesake of the municipality

Before 1799, Pateros was only a barrio of Pasig. The barrio was called "Aguho" or "embarcadero" (meaning small port). Pateros as a port, was the focal point of trade and commerce not just for Pasig but also for the neighboring towns. It was a reason why Pateros was the most progressive barrio of Pasig. It was not until the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines issued a decree making Pateros an independent municipality. The town was then composed of five barrios (villages): Aguho, San Roque, Santa Ana, Santo Rosario (Santo Rosario-Silangan and Santo Rosario-Kanluran), and Mamangcat (now part of Fort Bonifacio).

The Philippine revolution

1896 Revolution Memorial Monument, also known as the Dulumbayan Memorial Monument

During the Philippine–American War in March 1899, the first contingent of American Volunteers from Washington arrived in the town of Pateros. The American soldiers rallied and eventually won the battles to take control and establish a temporary camp.

American colonial era

Throughout this period, American soldiers were able to experience the culture and livelihood of the citizens of Pateros. Having roast duck for meals during wartime and sending postcards of Pateros back to the United States of America. In 1900, a member of the American contingent, Lieutenant Charles Nosler, renamed the city of Ive's Landing in Washington State, USA, after the town of Pateros in the Philippines. Pateros in Washington State officially became an American city on May 1, 1913.

Inclusion to newly created province of Rizal

On March 29, 1900, Pateros, then a part of the province of Manila, became one of the towns in the newly created province of Rizal, by virtue of General Order No. 40, Act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission, which was promulgated on June 11, 1901. Then on October 12, 1903, Act No. 942 united Pateros with Taguig and Muntinlupa into one municipality under Pateros. Muntinlupa was later separated from Pateros on November 25, 1903 to become part of Biñan, La Laguna through Act No. 1008. The municipality was renamed Taguig and Muntinlupa was reconsolidated with it on March 22, 1905 through Act No. 1308.

Executive Order No. 20 dated February 29, 1908, partitioned Pateros from Taguig, and the town regained independent status as a municipality on January 1, 1909, by Executive Order No. 36.

Philippine independence

Incorporation to Metropolitan Manila

On November 7, 1975, Pateros became a part of the new Metropolitan Manila Area through Presidential Decree No. 824.

International partnership

On July 23, 2013, Mayor Jaime C. Medina visited the city of Pateros, Washington State, United States to sign the Sister City Memorandum of Understanding between the Municipality of Pateros, Metro Manila and Pateros City of Okanogan County, Washington State, USA. According to Mayor Gail Howe, the two cities have not applied through Sister Cities International but the goals of promoting the culture and exchanges have turned the sisterhood into reality.

Cityhood attempt

Main article: Cities of the Philippines

In 2011 and 2014, Arnel Cerafica, the then-representative of Taguig–Pateros's 1st district, filed one House Bill each in the 15th and 16th Congresses, respectively, that seek the conversion of Pateros into a city with its own legislative district. However, both bills ended up pending at the committee level.

Geography

Climate

Climate data for Pateros, Metro Manila
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29 (84)	30 (86)	32 (90)	34 (93)	33 (91)	31 (88)	30 (86)	29 (84)	29 (84)	30 (86)	30 (86)	29 (84)	31 (87)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	20 (68)	20 (68)	21 (70)	23 (73)	24 (75)	25 (77)	24 (75)	25 (77)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (72)	21 (70)	23 (73)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	7 (0.3)	7 (0.3)	9 (0.4)	21 (0.8)	101 (4.0)	152 (6.0)	188 (7.4)	170 (6.7)	159 (6.3)	115 (4.5)	47 (1.9)	29 (1.1)	1,005 (39.7)
Average rainy days	3.3	3.5	11.1	8.1	18.9	23.5	26.4	25.5	24.5	19.6	10.4	6.4	181.2
Source: Meteoblue

Barangays

Pateros is politically subdivided into 10 barangays:

	Barangays	Population (2020)	Area (km2)	Density (/km2)
	Aguho	7,322	20.70	353.72
	Magtanggol	1,388	7.70	180.26
	Martirez del 96	5,027	18.63	269.83
	Poblacion	2,000	7.43	269.18
	San Pedro	2,218	9.61	230.80
	San Roque	4,749	19.70	241.06
	Santa Ana	29,680	75.16	394.89
	Santo Rosario–Kanluran	5,345	21.30	250.94
	Santo Rosario–Silangan	4,693	20.07	233.83
	Tabacalera	2,805	9.70	289.18
Source: Facts & Figures | Pateros Official

Boundary dispute

See also: Makati–Taguig boundary dispute

Delineation map showing territories claimed by Pateros.

The municipal government of Pateros claims that its original land area was not its present land area of 2.10 km² (0.81 sq mi) but 1,040 hectares (10.4 km²) including Fort Bonifacio, particularly the Embo barangays Comembo, Pembo, East Rembo, West Rembo, Cembo, South Cembo, Pitogo, Rizal, Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside which are now part of the city of Taguig (originally Mamancat, Masilang, San Nicolas, and Malapadnabato, former parts of Pateros), based on documents and official maps obtained by former Pateros Councilor Dominador Rosales from 30 libraries and offices including USA Library of Congress and USA Archives. One of those maps was the 1968 Land Classification Map of the Bureau of Land. Also included in their claim are the present-day barangays Buting, San Joaquin, and Kalawaan in Pasig.

Pateros' decrease in territory was accounted to a cadastral mapping in Metro Manila conducted in 1978. Pateros Mayor Nestor Ponce challenged the map through an objection letter dated June 23, 1978. But in January 1986, then President Ferdinand Marcos issued Proclamation No. 2475 which stated that Fort Bonifacio is situated in Makati and it is open for disposition. Because of that, a boundary dispute arose which moved Pateros to request a dialogue about that with then Municipal Council of Makati in 1990. Pateros also filed a complaint against Makati at the Makati Regional Trial Court in 1996 but the trial court dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. The case was brought to the Court of Appeals in 2003 but the case was also denied. The same case was also elevated to the Supreme Court in 2009 but it was denied again.

Supreme Court decision

Almost two decades later, the Supreme Court on June 16, 2009, per Antonio Eduardo B. Nachura denied Pateros' petition against Makati but ruled out that the boundary dispute should be settled amicably by their respective legislative bodies based on Section 118(d) of the Local Government Code. Pursuant to the decision, Pateros invited Makati to a council-to-council dialogue. This happened on October 8, 2009. Four meetings were held and at the fourth dialogue on November 23, 2009, a joint resolution was made stating that Makati is requesting a tripartite conference between Pateros, Taguig and Makati.

Despite the resolution of the dispute between Taguig and Makati in favor of the former by the Supreme Court in 2023, the high court has allowed Pateros to pursue its claims.

Demographics

Aerial view of Pateros

Population census of Pateros

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 4,105 —     1918 4,113 +0.01% 1939 7,160 +2.67% 1948 8,380 +1.76% 1960 13,173 +3.84%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1970 25,468 +6.81% 1975 32,821 +5.22% 1980 40,288 +4.18% 1990 51,409 +2.47% 1995 55,286 +1.37%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 2000 57,407 +0.81% 2007 61,940 +1.05% 2010 64,147 +1.28% 2015 63,840 −0.09% 2020 65,227 +0.42%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

As of 1818, the population was estimated at 3,840 Tagalog people. When Edmund Roberts visited in 1834, he estimated approximately 4,500 residents.

According to the town's 2005 land use classification report, 91.62% of Pateros's 1.7-square-kilometer (0.66 sq mi) land is classified as residential.

Economy

Poverty incidence of Pateros

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2006 8.20 2009 2.99 2012 2.41 2015 2.54 2018 2.50 2021 2.90 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Red salty duck eggs, a popular product of Pateros

The town of Pateros is known for balut and had a duck-raising industry. As early as 1834, Pateros has been raising and selling duck and maintaining a fishing industry. Due to the water pollution on the Pateros River which connects to the Pasig River, the duck-raising industry declined around the 1970s or 1980s.

Vendors continue to sell balut in Pateros, taking advantage of the association of the food item to the town with duck eggs supplied from neighboring provinces in the Calabarzon region. While the duck-raising industry in the town is now minimal, the local government is encouraging the growth of the balut industry. It gives tax exemptions to balut vendors in the town. As of 2017, the local government is encouraging the growth of other industries in Pateros such as business process outsourcing although the town's size, 1.76 square kilometers (0.68 sq mi), remains a hindrance.

According to the town's 2005 classification report, 3.13% of its land area is classified as commercial, 0.39% industrial, and 0.88% agricultural.

Government

Local government

Main article: Sangguniang Bayan

Official seal

Pateros Municipal Seal

The official municipal seal of Pateros features the Pateros (Mallard) duck and ten duck eggs. The duck symbolizes the duck-raising industry where town was known, while the eggs represent the barangays of Pateros and signifies the town's balut industry.

Education

Mayor Simplico Manalo National High School

The following are the different Elementary and High schools in Pateros under Pateros School District of the Department of Education – Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros and one community college recognized by Commission on Higher Education.

Secondary public schools

Secondary Institutions

• Mayor Simplicio Manalo National High School
• Maria Concepcion Cruz High School
• Pateros National High School

Tertiary

• Pateros Technological College

Private schools

• APEC Schools - Pateros (Santo Rosario-Silangan)
• Pateros Catholic School
• Saint Genevieve School of Pateros
• Maranatha Christian Academy
• SEP Christian School Inc.
• Huckleberry Montessori School

Notable personalities

• Pelagia Mendoza y Gotianquin (1867–1939) - first female sculptor in the Philippines and was the first female student at the Escuela de Dibujo y Pintura (Drawing and Painting School)
• Socrates Villegas (b. 1960) - Bishop of Balanga (2004–2009), Archbishop of Lingayen-Dagupan (2009–present), former CBCP President
• Pete Lacaba (b. 1945) - poet, writer and journalist
• Emmanuel Lacaba (1948–1976) - poet, writer and activist
• Cesar Concio (1907 – 2003) - architect who as the first University Architect of the University of the Philippines designed many buildings in the University of the Philippines Diliman campus.
• Jimmy Santos (b. 1951) - Filipino actor, basketball player, and TV host
• Berting Labra (1933–2009) - actor, sidekick of FPJ
• Daisy Reyes - beauty queen, actress

Sister cities

Local

• Taguig, Metro Manila
• Pasig, Metro Manila

International

• Pateros, Washington, U.S.

See also

• San Roque Parish Church
• Santa Marta de Pateros

External links

• Municipality of Pateros official website
• Municipality of Pateros official website
• Geographic data related to Pateros at OpenStreetMap