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List of supernova candidates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map showing various supernova candidates, most of which are within one kiloparsec from the Solar System.[1]

This is a list of supernova candidates, or stars that are believed to soon become supernovae. Type II supernova progenitors include stars with at least 8~10 solar masses that are in the final stages of their evolution. Prominent examples of stars in this mass range include Antares, Spica,[2] Gamma Velorum,[3] Mu Cephei, and members of the Quintuplet Cluster.[4] Type Ia supernova progenitors are white dwarf stars that are close to the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.44 solar masses and are accreting matter from a binary companion star.

The list includes massive Wolf–Rayet stars, which may become Type Ib/Ic supernovae, particularly oxygen-sequence (Wolf-Rayet WO) stars. As of 2023, most of these candidates are in the Milky Way galaxy, however five oxygen-sequence Wolf-Rayet stars are also known in other galaxies.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Supernova progenitor candidates
Identifier Epoch J2000 Constellation Distance
(light-years) 		Spectral
class 		Possible supernova

type

Notes
R. A. Dec.
IK Pegasi 21h 26m 26.7s +19° 22′ 32″ Pegasus 154.4±1.0[5] A8m:/DA Ia [6][7][8]
Spica 13h 25m 11.6s −11° 09′ 40.8″ Virgo 250+14
−13[9]		 B1 [8]
Bellatrix 05h 25m 07.86s +06° 20′ 58.9″ Orion 250 B2III[10]-V[11] [12]
Mimosa 12h 47m 43.3s -59h 41m 19.6s Crux 280 B0.5III+B2V[13][14] [15]
Acrux 12h 26m 35.9s -63h 05m 56.7s Crux 321[9] B0.5IV+B1V[16] [17]
Zeta Ophiuchi 16h 37m 09.54s –10° 34′ 01.5″ Ophiuchus 366 O9.5V [1]
Adhara 06h 58m 37.6s –28° 58′ 19″ Canis Major 430±30[18] B2 II [19]
Betelgeuse 05h 55m 10.3s +07° 24′ 25″ Orion 408[20]–548+90
−49[21]		 M2Iab IIP [2][22][8][23]
Alpha Lupi 14h 41m 55.8s –47° 23′ 17″ Lupus 465+12
−11[9]		 B1.5 II [1][24][8]
Mirzam 06h 22m 42.0s –17° 57′ 21″ Canis Major 490±20[18] B1 III [25]
Lambda Velorum 09h 07m 59.8s −43° 25′ 57.3″ Vela 545 ± 10[9] K4Ib Electron capture [1][26]
Antares 16h 29m 24.5s –26° 25′ 55″ Scorpius 554+113
−80[9]		 M1.5Iab-b IIP [27][8][23]
Saiph 05h 47m 10.6s –09° 40′ 10.6″ Orion 650 B0.5Ia [28]
Epsilon Pegasi 21h 44m 11.2s 09° 52′ 30″ Pegasus 690±20[9] K2Ib-II [1][23]
V337 Carinae 10h 17m 04.98s –61° 19′ 56.2″ Carina 760 K2.5II [1]
Pi Puppis 07h 17m 08.56s −37° 05′ 50.9″ Puppis 810±70 K3Ib [23]
Rigel 05h 14m 32.3s –08° 12′ 06″ Orion 863±78[9] B8Ia IIn(pec?) [29][8]
V520 Carinae 10h 43m 32.3s −60° 33′ 59.8″ Carina 958 K4III [1]
Zeta Cephei 22h 10m 51.3s +58° 12′ 04.5″ Cepheus 992.7 K1.5Ib [1]
Gamma2 Velorum 08h 09m 32.0s −47° 20′ 12″ Vela 1120+130
−100[9]		 WC8+O7.5III Ib/Ic [30]
Sigma Canis Majoris 07h 01m 43.1s −27° 56′ 05″ Canis Major 1120 K4III [23]
Xi Cygni 21h 04m 55.9s +43° 55′ 40.3″ Cygnus 1150 K4Ib + A5V [1]
Mintaka 05h 32m 00.4s –0° 17′ 56.7″ Orion 1200 O9.5II + B1V +B0IV [31]
Alnitak 05h 40m 45.5s –01° 56′ 34.3″ Orion 1260 O9.5Iab + B1IV + B0III [32]
Omicron1 Canis Majoris 06h 54m 08s −24° 11′ 03.2″ Canis Major 1284 K2.5Iab [1]
Epsilon Aurigae 05h 01m 58.1s +43° 49′ 23.9″ Auriga 1350±350 F0Iab [33]
12 Pegasi 21h 46m 04.4s +22° 56′ 56″ Pegasus 1353 K0IbHdel0.5 [1]
Delta Canis Majoris 07h 08m 23.5s −26° 23′ 35.5″ Canis Major 1600 F8Ia [34]
NS Puppis 08h 11m 21.5s −39° 37′ 06.8″ Puppis 1695[23] K4.5Ib [23]
119 Tauri 05h 32m 12.8s +18° 35′ 40″ Taurus 1790+300
−220[18] 		M2Iab-Ib [23][35]
Aludra 07h 24m 05.7s –29° 18′ 11.2″ Canis Major 2000 B5Ia [36]
Alnilam 05h 36m 12.8s –01° 12′ 06.9″ Orion 2000 B0Ia [37]
Theta Delphini 20h 38m 44s +13° 18′ 54.5″ Delphinus 2051 K3Ib [1]
V381 Cephei 21h 19m 15.7s +58° 37′ 24.6″ Cepheus 2057 M1epIb + B [1]
3 Ceti 00h 04m 30.1s −10° 30′ 34.3″ Cetus 2086[23] K3Ib [23]
V424 Lacertae 22h 56m 26s +49° 44′ 00.7″ Lacerta 2067 K5Ib [1]
Alpha Leporis 05h 32m 43.8s −17° 49′ 20.2″ Lepus 2218[9] F0Ib[38] [39]
145 G. Canis Majoris 07h 16m 36.8s –23° 18′ 56.1″ Canis Major 2272 K3Ib [1]
S Monocerotis 06h 40m 58.6s +09° 53′ 42.2″ Monoceros 2347 O7V + O9.5V [1]
V809 Cassiopeiae 23h 19m 23.8s +62° 44′ 23.2″ Cassiopeia 2380 K4.5Ib [1]
Deneb 20h 41m 25.9s +45° 16′ 49″ Cygnus 2615 ± 215[40] A2la Ib/Ic [41]
T Coronae Borealis 15h 59m 30.2s +25° 55′ 13″ Corona Borealis 2690+110
−100[5]		 M3III/D Ia [42]
KPD 1930+2752 19h 32m 14.9s +27° 58′ 35″ Cygnus 2860+130
−120[5] 		sdB/D Ia [43][44]
Mu Cephei 21h 43m 30.5s +58° 46′ 48″ Cepheus 3060+456
−130[45] 		M2Ia IIn/IIb [46]
Rho Cassiopeiae 23h 54m 23.0s +57° 29′ 58″ Cassiopeia 3440+930
−610[5]		 G2Ia0e IIL [47]
VY Canis Majoris 07h 22m 58.3s −25° 46′ 03″ Canis Major 3930+420
−350[48]		 M5eIa II [22][49]
IRAS 17163-3907 17h 19m 49.3s −39° 10′ 37.9″ Scorpius 3930+990
−660[5]		 late B/early A II [50]
VV Cephei 21h 56m 39.1s +63° 37′ 32″ Cepheus 4900[51] M2Iab [52][1]
HD 168625 18h 21m 19.5s −16° 22′ 26″ Sagittarius 5250+600
−490[5]		 B6Ia II [53]
NML Cygni 20h 46m 25.6s +40° 06′ 59.4″ Cygnus 5250+420
−360[54]		 M6I II [55]
WR 142 20h 21m 44.34s +37° 22′ 30.4″ Cygnus 5380 WO2 Ic, Grb likely
IRC +10420 19h 26m 48.1s +11° 21′ 17″ Aquila 5600+2200
−1200[5]		 F8Ia+ IIb [56][57]
RS Ophiuchi 17h 50m 13.2s –06° 42′ 28″ Ophiuchus 7380+1000
−790[5]		 M2III/D Ia [58][59]
WR 93b 17h 32m 03.31s –35° 04′ 32.7″ Scorpius 7470 WO3 Ic
WR 2 01h 05m 23.03s +60° 25′ 18.9″ Cassiopeia 7830 WN2-w Ib/Ic, Grb likely
WR 102 17h 45m 47.54s –26° 10′ 26.8″ Sagittarius 8610 WO2 Ic
Eta Carinae 10h 45m 03.6s −59° 41′ 04″ Carina 8630+69
−68[5]		 LBV/O Ib, SLSN likely [60][61]
HD 179821 19h 13m 58.6s +00° 07′ 32″ Aquila 10500+2100
−1500[5]		 G5Ia IIL [62][63]
T Pyxidis 09h 04m 41.5s −32° 22′ 48″ Pyxis 10700+1700
−1300[5] 		Ia [64][65]
WR 104 18h 02m 04.1s –23° 37′ 41″ Sagittarius 13400+9200
−3900[5]		 WC9d/OB Ib/Ic with Grb? [66][67]
V445 Puppis 07h 37m 56.9s –25° 56′ 59″ Puppis 16000+5200
−4600[68]		 Ia [69]
WR 38 11h 05m 46.43s −61° 13′ 48.6″ Carina 19 700 WC4 Ic
WR 30a 10h 51m 38.89s −60° 56′ 34.9″ Carina 21 900 WO4+O5-5.5 Ic
Sher 25 11h 15m 07.8s −61° 15′ 17″ Carina 43500+5200
−4200[5]		 B1.5Iab [70]
U Scorpii 16h 22m 30.7s –17° 52′ 42″ Scorpius 64000+68000
−17000[71]		 Ia [72]

References

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