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Pegasus Seiya

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Pegasus Seiya
Saint Seiya character
Pegasus Seiya from the manga
First appearanceManga
Saint Suits Chapter 1: "The Saints of Athena" (1985)
Created byMasami Kurumada
Portrayed byMackenyu
Voiced byJapanese
Tōru Furuya (anime and Omega)
Hiroko Emori (child)
Masakazu Morita (Hades OVAs and Knights of the Zodiac)[1]
Kaito Ishikawa (Legend of Sanctuary)
English
Jeff Bennett (Guardians of the Cosmos)
Tim Hamaguchi (DiC dub)
Illich Guardiola (ADV dub)
Cameron Bautsch (child, ADV dub)
Bryson Baugus (Knights of the Zodiac/Netflix dub)

Pegasus Seiya (Japanese: 天馬星座(ペガサス)の星矢, Hepburn: Pegasasu no Seiya), simply known as Seiya, is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the Saint Seiya manga series created by Masami Kurumada. He is the eponymous protagonist who makes his debut in the first chapter "The Saints of Athena" (女神（アテナ）の聖闘士, Atena no Seinto), published in Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine on December 12, 1985. Seiya is one of the eighty-eight mythical warriors known as Saints who have served the Goddess Athena throughout the ages, protecting justice and peace on Earth though Seiya is only interested in finding his missing sister Seika in the series' beginning. As a Saint, Seiya dons a powerful armor of divine origins known as a Cloth, the one which represents the constellation of Pegasus. Seiya also possesses superhuman strength and speed, two of the many extraordinary abilities the Saints draw from their guardian constellations and an inner essence called Cosmo. Seiya has also appeared as a supporting character in other works related to Saint Seiya such as the television series Saint Seiya Omega and the Saint Seiya Episode.G manga trilogy, becoming one of the twelve strongest Saints, the Gold Saint Sagittarius Seiya (射手座サジタリアスの星矢, Sajitariasu no Seiya), personally supporting Athena's reincarnation, Saori Kido. Seiya is the successor of Sagittarius Aiolos, the previous wielder of his Gold Cloth who often sends his protection even before coming a Gold Saint.

Like most of Kurumada's characters, Seiya's design was inspired in the main character of his previous hit manga Ring ni Kakero, Ryuji Takane. Seiya was first voiced by Tōru Furuya in the television series and the films but he was replaced by Masakazu Morita in original video animations that adapt the manga's "Hades arc". Critical reception to Seiya has been mixed. While many enjoy his character design and call of justice, many reviewers feels he is overshadowed by other characters and the way he handles his fights.


Creation and conception

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While in the process of creating Saint Seiya, Masami Kurumada initially gave Seiya the name Rin, intending to title his manga Ginga no Rin (銀河の輪, "Rin of the Galaxy"). However, as he continued developing the story, he changed the name to Seiya, which he felt was more fitting. First he used the name with the Japanese characters that mean "holy arrow" (聖矢, seiya), to relate it to Seiya's condition as a Saint, but later decided to spell it as "star arrow", to emphasize the constellation and mythological motif. Finally, he changed the title of the manga to Saint Seiya, once the concept of the Saints was fully developed. Kurumada stated that one of the first ideas he had for Saint Seiya was the "Pegasus Meteor Fist". Since his manga was going to use the constellations as a very important and ever-present theme, he wanted his protagonist to have a special move that would be like a shower of meteors.[2]

Seiya's likeness was inspired by that of Takane Ryūji, the main character of Kurumada's hit manga Ring ni Kakero created nine years before Saint Seiya and which he considers to be his favorite creation. Most protagonists in his works bear a resemblance to Ryūji because Kurumada subscribes to Osamu Tezuka's Star System (maintaining a stable cast of characters who play a different or similar role in the author's various works, sometimes with the same personality, sometimes with a different one). The same process was used to create almost all the other characters in the series, as in all of Kurumada's works.[2] The Sagittarius Gold Cloth was chosen as the most famous of the Gold Cloths because of its symbolism in relation to the main character. The Japanese meaning of Seiya's name, "star arrow", is also a metaphor for "meteor" and Sagittarius represents an archer, so Kurumada thought it would be a perfect match for Seiya, especially since he already had in mind that Seiya would eventually wear the Sagittarius Gold Cloth in certain parts. Hence, Seiya's zodiacal sign is Sagittarius.[2]

Casting

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Tōru Furuya was Seiya's first actor

In the animated adaptations of the series, Seiya was voiced by several voice actors. Tōru Furuya voiced him in the 1986 anime series, all five theatrical releases, the first series of original video animations (OVA) adapting the Hades arc of the original manga released in 2004 and the 2012 anime series Saint Seiya Omega. Hiroko Emori provided additional voice acting for scenes in which Seiya appears as a child. In the later Hades arc OVAs from 2005 to 2008, Seiya was voiced by Masakazu Morita. In the uncensored English dub by ADV, he was voiced by Illich Guardiola and Cameron Bautsch, and by Tim Hamaguchi in the censored dub by DiC Entertainment. He is voiced by Bryson Baugus in the CG Knights of the Zodiac and the Netflix dub.

Furuya also said Seiya was his favorite character from all those he voiced and laughed when doing his iconic "Pegasus Meteor Fist".[3] Morita has said that Seiya was one of his most favorite characters due to how "passionate" he is.[4] Kaito Ishikawa mentions being happy with the work he was assigned to for Legend of Sanctuary.[5]

Character outline

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Overview

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Seiya is the eponymous main character of the Saint Seiya series. He is one of the eighty-eight Saints of Athena and serves loyally at her side. Seiya draws his superhuman powers from the Cosmos, the energy of the Big Bang that lingers inside each being and which connects a Saint to his constellation and Cloth. At the start of the series, Seiya is thirteen years old.[6] His main objective is to find his older sister, Seika, who disappeared when he was sent to Greece to train to become a Saint under the supervision of the Silver Saint Eagle Marin. Due to her physical similarities to Seika, Seiya suspects that Marin may be his sister, but he later discovers he is wrong and finds his real sister.[7] As Seiya starts fighting alongside the other Bronze Saints, albeit reluctantly at first, his motivations shift to the protection of Athena. Seiya is a person of burning passion and spirit, sometimes acting in brash and impulsive ways. Despite this, he is still a brave, kind-hearted and selfless young man; who is always willing to sacrifice himself for justice, his friends and Athena. His most notable characteristic is his absolute determination and refusal to ever give up, even when faced with impossible odds. He also has a habit of making jokes and can be unconcerned about the consequences of his actions.[8]

Appearances

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Saint Seiya

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Seiya's Pegasus Cloth evolves across the series which has led to various cosplays as such as its Hades Arc form (left) and the God Cloth (right)

Seiya is a teenager who is trained by Marin in Greece to obtain the Pegasus Cloth and return to his home, Japan.[9][10] There he discovers that his sister Seika has been missing ever since Seiya was forced to train in Greece, being separated from her, his childhood friend Miho, and all the other orphans.[11] Saori Kido negotiates with him to fight other people who became Saints to attract the media's attention and have her group search for Seika. Seiya's constant fights are interrupted by his former companion Phoenix Ikki who wants revenge for the training he went through. Although Seiya defeats Ikki with his friends' help, the Saints are attacked by higher ranked Silver Saints sent by the Sanctuary's Pope. Learning that Saori is the reincarnation of Athena, the Saints go to the Sanctuary to face the tyrant Pope and have to run through all its Twelve Temples when Saori suffers a mortal wound. Although Seiya begins his journey as a Bronze Saint, the lowest of the three ranks of Saints, his abilities gradually grow to rival those of the Gold Saints; the most powerful of Athena's soldiers. He achieves this by awakening his seventh sense, the essence and origin of the Cosmo.[12] Master the Cosmos known as Seventh Sense, Seiya and his friends manage to defeat the strongest Gold Saints including the Pope, who is revealed as Gemini Saga, and save Saori.[13]

Following the battle against Saga, Seiya and his friends recover until Saori goes to confront Poseidon's reincarnation Julian Solo who wishes to flood the world and Saori tries to prevent it by giving her life in exchange. Despite barely recovering from the previous fights, the Bronze Saints leave the hospital with the Bronze Saints enhanced by the Gold Saint's blood. The Saints go to Poseidon's submarine temple where they fight Poseidon's Mariner Generals in order to free Saori. Seiya's Pegasus Cloth becomes Gold when facing Mariner Sea Horse Baian and destroys the North Pacific Ocean's Mammoth Pillar with the Libra Gold Cloth weapons.[14] However, one of Poseidon's underlings Limnades Caça takes the form of Marin who severely wounds Seiya by telling him he is Seika. Phoenix Ikki saves Seiya who tries to continue fighting despite his wound. When reaching Poseidon, Seiya occasionally wears the Gold Cloth of Sagittarius, whose true owner, Aiolos, died thirteen years before the events of the series.[15] He faces Poseidon alongside Hyoga and Shiryu who were also recognized by their masters' Gold Cloths. Together, they save Saori who seals Poseidon's soul.[16]

In the Hades arc, Seiya returns to the Sanctuary to talk to Marin but instead finds Aries Mu being beaten up by the undead Cancer Death Mask and Pisces Aphrodite. He is sent out of the Sanctuary by an order from Athena meant to protect the Bronze Saints from the lord of the Underworld, Hades. However, after Saori's suicide, Seiya reunites with Hyoga, Shun and Shiryu who meet the previous Pope, Aries Shion, who repairs their Clothes with Saori's blood. He then orders to deliver Athena's Cloth to her in the Underworld. Before descending into the realm of Hades, he also awakens his eighth sense, known as Arayashiki, which allows him to enter the Underworld without being subject to Hades's rule just like Saori's fake death.[17] In the Underworld, Seiya and Shun meet the missing Silver Saint Lyra Orphée who plans to kill Hades by assaulting him with the Judges. However, after Orphee's death, Shun is possessed by Hades and Wyvern Rhadamanthys traps Seiya in a frozen hell. Harpy Valentine later tries burying Ikki alongside Seiya but the Bronze Saint tricks him into freeing him upon saying he has Athena's Cloth. After Seiya kills Valentine, he rejoins the Bronze Saints and leaves the Underworld. The version of the Cloth that Seiya uses in the Hades arc possesses wings that allow him to fly, both normally and through dimensions.[18] Using them, Seiya eventually arrives in Elysion where he encounters the God of Death Thanatos. Seiya and his friends lack the power to defeat the God even with the Gold Cloths. However, upon learning that Seika was found by Marin, Seiya's Cosmos causes the destroyed Bronze to transform into a God Cloth and reach the Thanatos' level. After defeating Thanatos, Seiya encounters Hades.[19] During the fight, Seiya delivers the Athena's Cloth to Saori. However, he is mortally wounded by the sword of Hades while protecting Athena and his Cosmo disappears shortly before the Saints achieve victory.[20]

Saint Seiya: Next Dimension

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Seiya's story continues in Kurumada's 2006 manga, Saint Seiya: Next Dimension (canonic sequel and prequel). Here, Seiya is shown sitting in a wheelchair. He has survived Hades's attack, but remains in an unresponsive state, suffering from Hades's curse. Seeking to save him from certain death, Athena Saori Kido, Shun Andromeda, Ikki Phoenix, Shiryu Dragon, Hyoga Cygnus travels to the past to find a way to remove Hades's sword before it can strike Seiya.[21] Seiya is proclaimed as the future Gold Saint of the Sagittarius successor Sagittarius Aiolos.[22]

As Pegasus Tenma

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Main articles: Pegasus Tenma (Next Dimension) and Pegasus Tenma (Lost Canvas)

Tenma[23] is Seiya's incarnation in the 18th century. He appears in Masami Kurumada's Saint Seiya: Next Dimension and Shiori Teshirogi's Saint Seiya: The Lost Canvas manga. Both have in common that Tenma is a childhood friend of Alone, Hades' chosen body in that time. Tenma has the same appearance as Seiya and uses the same techniques.

In other media

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While Seiya often wears the Sagittarius Cloth in the manga and anime, he does not become its official wielder until Saint Seiya Omega and Episode.G Assassin

Seiya appears in Toei's Saint Seiya movies facing new enemies that threaten the world. In the Tenkai-hen Overture that takes place after the events of the Hades arc, Seiya is cursed by the sword of Hades instead of dying, while Athena and the other protagonist Bronze Saints are attacked by the gods of Olympus. Upon recovering from his coma, Seiya is informed of the situation by Marin and goes to the Sanctuary to reclaim his Cloth. After reaching Saori, Seiya recovers his Cosmos and defeats Artemisa's Angel Toma who is revealed to be Marin's brother. Apollo then appears and Seiya confronts him. In the end, Seiya manages to wound the god Apollo. The conclusion of the actual fight between the two is not depicted; instead, the climax of the movie cuts to a peaceful scene where Seiya apparently becomes reacquainted with Saori Kido. It was explained in the Japanese DVD audio commentary with director Shigeyasu Yamauchi that, since Seiya's and Saori's greatest strength was their love and trust for each other, Apollo erased their memories so that they would never again be able to find the will to rebel against the gods.[24]

Seiya also appears in a scene from Saint Seiya Episode.G which reenacts Seiya's fight against Aiolia.[25] In the sequel Episode.G Assassin an older Seiya appears in a parallel universe to protect Shiryu from an enemy named Sigurd. With Athena's help, Seiya reawakens his Pegasus God Cloth, giving him the power needed to defeat Sigurd. In the series' finale, the Bronze Saints take different paths with the wounded Seiya using his wounded body to keep protecting the world as Saori's Saint. He then officially becomes Aiolos' successor, Sagittarius Seiya, while earning the nickname "Saint Seiya".[26] In Episode.G Requiem, Seiya faces the world's end caused by Pontus and Brontes despite still being wounded by Hades' Sword. Aries Shion manages to restore the Pegasus Cloth which Seiya wields to protect the Sanctuary. Although Seiya is defeated, he is saved by Hades' Sword as the weapon does not allow him to fall into the Undeworld again. With Shuns, Capricunrn Shura's and Taurus Aldebaran's help, Seiya manages to defeat his enemies and learns the Gods are creating their own Saints like Athena did since mythological times to take down the world. Seiya is shocked to find that his current enemy is his father Mitsumasa Kido reborn as a divine being.[27] Ultimately, it is revealed that the Gods have been secretely using Seiya as a puppet to kill Athena in the same way he hurt Hades in myths, becoming a "God Killer" and losing his status as a Saint. In her last moments, Saori apologizes to Seiya for faking her survival.[28] As Seiya nearly loses all his hope and will to fight, Libra Dohko and Shion call Gold Saints and the Sagittarius Cloth from different worlds to create a unique Cloth.

In Saint Seiya Omega, Seiya is shown in several flashbacks as having recovered, and still serving Athena, as Saori Kido, as the Sagittarius Gold Saint this time, revered as a legend and a source of inspiration to whom the newest Pegasus, Kōga, looks at hoping to match his prowess and legendary deeds.[29] Near the end of season-1, Seiya returns to help the Bronze Saints to stop the God of Darkness Abzu from manipulating Koga. He later lends Koga his Sagittarius Cloth to defeat the God. Following Abzu's defeat, Seiya is assigned by Athena the mission of killing the Goddess Pallas but fails due to his hesitation. Seiya later goes to defend the Academy Palestra and joins the Bronze and Steel Saints in their fights against Pallas' soldiers. When reaching Pallas' territory, he is in charge of bodyguarding Athena alongside the other Gold Saints until she confronts Pallas. Following Athena's victory, Seiya defeats Pallas' bodyguard Titan while he dons the evolved Sagittarius Cloth. He later fights the God of Time, Saturn, but is defeated and lends his Cosmos to Koga so that he will succeed in battle.

Reception

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In Japan, Seiya is the least popular of the main characters in Saint Seiya, ranking fifth in the Bronze Saints character poll.[30] However, in the technique poll, his Pegasus Meteor Fist ranked first.[31] Merchandise based on Seiya has also been released, including plushes[32] and action figures with different cloths.[33][34] In a Saint Seiya Omega poll, Seiya was voted as the best character.[35]

Several anime and manga publications have provided both acclaim and criticism of Seiya's character. DVDVerdictReview.com describes Seiya as poorly developed, wholly characterised by his affiliations and connection to a constellation.[36] DVDVisionJapan comments on Seiya's interesting character and praises voice actors Tōru Furuya and Illich Guardiola for adding emotion and passion into his character.[37] Anime News Network, on the other hand, comments that Seiya's voice actor for the English dub is unsuitable, that he enunciates strange words and does not sound at all heroic. They also criticized Seiya for being an "underdog" in most battles.[38] Chris Beveridge from AnimeOnDVD found that Seiya was overshadowed by his comrades in the anime's tenth DVD but still found the other characters made the DVD appealing.[39] In a review of the series, writer Jason Thompson notes one of Seiya's early fights against the Black Saints ends with one of the most painful scene as Seiya's blood is contaminated and later his friend Shiryu has to heal him by removing all of his blood. Additionally, Thompson noted that Seiya's speech in the series' last arc regarding how he blames gods for humanity's problems, to the point of being noted as "atheism or anti-theism" comparing him with the 2010 film Clash of the Titans.[40] Mark Thomas of the Fandom Post criticized Seiya's overuse of his Meteor Fist as he tends to repeat in all of his fights even when his enemies manage to block it.[41] In a review of Legend of Sanctuary, Screen praised Seiya's comical characterization as well as the performance of the Pegasus Meteor Fist technique.[42] GamerFocus complimented the way Seiya and his friends were handled in Saint Seiya Omega as while the protagonist, Pegasus Koga, stars alongside a new group of Saints, Seiya's actions do not take the spotlight.[43]

In "Blood, Biceps, and Beautiful Eyes: Cultural Representations of Masculinity in Masami Kurumada's Saint Seiya", author Lorna Piatti-Farnell notes that the masculinity Seiya, Shun, Hyoga and Shiryu bow to involves accomplishments of their goals of justice might not come as a surprise as the magazine Shonen Jump often has manga that involves this predicaments.[44]

Michael Jackson regarded himself as a fan of Seiya's character.[45] In regards to the Netflix series, HobbyConsolas warned long time fans not to expect the original violent battle between Shiryu and Seiya from the original series as a result of the demographic intended.[46] The Daily Dot criticized the friendship Seiya develops with his friends as they form a bond despite knowing each other for only four episodes in the Netflix series.[47]

In "Las funciones del Leitmotiv musical como componente narrativo de los géneros de animación japonesa Shonen y Seinen", Carlos Manuel and Yache Vigo from Universidad Privada del Norte described Seiya as a character distinguished by his bravery and his passion which easily notable when his leitmotiv starts playing in the series.[48] Yebrail Castañeda Lozano, in the journal Educación y Ciudad, writes that while Saint Seiya might come across as generic due to the handlings of good and evil, early in the story there is a major contrast between Seiya and other characters who are not fighting for justice and instead for a Gold Cloth which would become the center of another conflict when the renegade Phoenix Ikki and the Black Saints come to Japan to steal it.[49]

Notes and references

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  1. ^ "Netflix's Knights of the Zodiac: Saint Seiya CG Anime Reveals Japanese Cast". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2019-03-18.
  2. ^ a b c Kappa Magazine, number 80 (in Japanese). 1999.
  3. ^ "Animaga 2016: Interview with Tooru Furuya". Animaga. November 28, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  4. ^ Truong, Kei (February 10, 2011). "Anime Expo 2010: Interview with Masakazu Morita". Asia Pacific Arts. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  5. ^ "キャスト発表会見レポート!". Archived from the original on 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
  6. ^ Kurumada Masami, Project Seiya (August 2001). Saint Seiya Encyclopedia. Home. p. 40. ISBN 4-8342-1690-X.
  7. ^ Kurumada, Masami (1991). "Chapter 104". Saint Seiya. Vol. 27. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851789-X.
  8. ^ Kurumada, Masami (1990). "Chapter 85". Saint Seiya. Vol. 23. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851538-2.
  9. ^ "1". Saint Seiya: Knights of the Zodiac. Vol. 1. Viz Media. 2004. ISBN 1-59116-225-4.
  10. ^ "2". Saint Seiya: Knights of the Zodiac. Vol. 1. Viz Media. 2004. ISBN 1-59116-225-4.
  11. ^ Kurumada, Masami (2004). "Chapter 1". Saint Seiya. Vol. 1. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-470-2.
  12. ^ Kurumada, Masami (2005). "Chapter 29". Saint Seiya. Vol. 8. Viz Media. p. 115. ISBN 1-59116-715-9.
  13. ^ Kurumada, Masami (2004). "Chapter 12". Saint Seiya. Vol. 3. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-299-8.
  14. ^ Kurumada, Masami (2006). "Chapter 15". Saint Seiya. Vol. 15. Viz Media. pp. 6–9. ISBN 1-4215-0656-4.
  15. ^ Kurumada, Masami (2005). "Chapter 27". Saint Seiya. Vol. 7. Viz Media. p. 122. ISBN 1-59116-616-0.
  16. ^ Kurumada, Masami (2005). "Chapter 27". Saint Seiya. Vol. 7. Viz Media. p. 192. ISBN 1-59116-616-0.
  17. ^ Kurumada, Masami (1990). "Chapter 84". Saint Seiya. Vol. 23. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851538-2.
  18. ^ Kurumada, Masami (1991). "Chapter 100". Saint Seiya. Vol. 26. Shueisha. pp. 146–147. ISBN 4-08-851788-1.
  19. ^ Kurumada, Masami (1991). "Chapter 107". Saint Seiya. Vol. 28. Shueisha. pp. 20–28. ISBN 4-08-851790-3.
  20. ^ "110". Saint Seiya: Knights of the Zodiac. Vol. 28. Viz Media. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4215-2412-2.
  21. ^ Saint Seiya Next Dimension Vol. 1-10
  22. ^ Saint Seiya Next Dimension vol. 11 cap.80
  23. ^ In Next Dimension, Tenma is spelled in kanji as Pegasus/Celestial Horse (天馬); in The Lost Canvas, Tenma's name is only spelled in katakana, as a result of him being born and raised in Italy.
  24. ^ Yamauchi, Shigeyasu (2004). Saint Seiya Tenkai-hen Overture (DVD). Toei Animation.
  25. ^ Okada, Megumu (2007). Saint Seiya Episode.G. Akita Shoten. ISBN 978-4-253-18168-6.
  26. ^ Okada, Megumu (2019). "118". Saint Seiya Episode.G. Vol. 16. Akita Shoten. ISBN 978-4-253-23841-0.
  27. ^ Requiem, chapter 20
  28. ^ Requiem, chapter 23
  29. ^ Saint Seiya Omega news in Animenews Network Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ Kurumada, Masami (2004). "Popularity polls". Saint Seiya. Vol. 3. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-299-8.
  31. ^ Kurumada, Masami (1990). "Techniques polls". Saint Seiya. Vol. 25. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851540-4.
  32. ^ "japanimation.com Saint Seiya Plush Doll". japanimation.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  33. ^ "Saint Seiya Gashapon". atamaii.com. Archived from the original on May 21, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  34. ^ "Amazon: Pegasus Seiya". Amazon. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  35. ^ "Special" (in Japanese). Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  36. ^ "Saint Seiya: Collection 1". DVDVerdictReview.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
  37. ^ "Saint Seiya". DVDVisionJapan. Archived from the original on February 17, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
  38. ^ "Saint Seiya DVD 1". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
  39. ^ "Saint Seiya Vol. #10 (of 12)". AnimeOnDVD. Archived from the original on November 1, 2006. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  40. ^ Thompson, Jason (November 18, 2010). "Jason Thompson's House of 1000 Manga - Saint Seiya: Knights of the Zodiac". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  41. ^ Thomas, Mark (August 3, 2017). "Saint Seiya Collection 1 Anime DVD Review". Fandom Post. Archived from the original on November 20, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  42. ^ "Reseña - Saint Seiya: La leyenda del santuario" (in Spanish). Screen. Archived from the original on November 20, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  43. ^ "5 cosas que Saint Seiya Omega hizo bien" (in Spanish). GamerFocus. 17 October 2015. Archived from the original on November 20, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  44. ^ Piatti-Farnell, Lorna (December 2013). "Blood, Biceps, and Beautiful Eyes: Cultural Representations of Masculinity in Masami Kurumada's Saint Seiya". The Journal of Popular Culture. 46 (6): 1133–1155. doi:10.1111/jpcu.12081.
  45. ^ "Guía y curiosidades de Los caballeros del zodíaco". IGN (in Spanish). 4 August 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  46. ^ "Crítica de Saint Seiya: Los Caballeros del Zodiaco de Netflix - Parte 1" (in Spanish). Hobby Consolas. 19 July 2019. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  47. ^ "Netflix anime 'Saint Seiya: Knights of the Zodiac' won't appeal to anyone but children". The Daily Dot. 29 August 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  48. ^ Manuel, Yache Vigo (December 2020). "Las funciones del Leitmotiv musical como componente narrativo de los géneros de animación japonesa Shonen y Seinen". Repositorio UPN. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  49. ^ Castañeda Lozano, Yebrail (2013). "La axiología subyacente en el lenguaje de las series de dibujos animados presentados en la televisión colombiana" [The underlying axiology in the language of cartoon series presented on Colombian television] (PDF). Educación y Ciudad (in Spanish) (25). Instituto para la Investigación Educativa y el Desarrollo Pedagógico: 63–74. ISSN 0123-0425. Retrieved 2024-06-09 – via Dialnet.
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