Typha angustifolia
| Narrowleaf cattail | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Typhaceae |
| Genus: | Typha |
| Species: | T. angustifolia
|
| Binomial name | |
| Typha angustifolia | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Synonyms list
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Typha angustifolia L. (also lesser bulrush,[3] narrowleaf cattail[4] or lesser reedmace) is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus Typha. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in fresh water or brackish locations.[5]
Description
[edit]The plant's leaves are flat, very narrow (¼"–½" wide), and 3'–6' tall when mature; 12–16 leaves arise from each vegetative shoot. At maturity, they have distinctive stalks that are about as tall as the leaves; the stalks are topped with brown, fluffy, sausage-shaped flowering heads. The plants have sturdy, rhizomatous roots that can extend 27" and are typically ¾"–1½" in diameter.[6][7]
Distribution
[edit]_1.jpg)
It has been proposed that the species was introduced from Europe to North America.[8] In North America, it is also thought to have been introduced from coastal to inland locations.[9] It is widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions, growing in marshes, wetlands, and along the edges of ponds and lakes.
The geographic range of Typha angustifolia overlaps with the very similar species Typha latifolia (broadleaf or common cattail). T. angustifolia can be distinguished from T. latifolia by its narrower leaves and by a clear separation of two different regions (staminate flowers above and pistilate flowers below) on the flowering heads.[6] The species hybridize as Typha x glauca (Typha angustifolia x T. latifolia) (white cattail); Typha x glauca is not a distinct species, but is rather a sterile F1 hybrid.[10] Broadleaf cattail is usually found in shallower water than narrowleaf cattail.[citation needed]
Current status of invasiveness
[edit] |
- Other countries: Typha angustifolia is considered invasive in many countries outside its native range. It can outcompete native vegetation, leading to changes in wetland ecosystems and impacting biodiversity.
- Southeast Asia (SEA): In Southeast Asia, Typha angustifolia is also known to exhibit invasive behavior in certain regions, especially where wetland habitats are present.
- Thailand: In Thailand, Typha angustifolia is recognized as an invasive species in some areas, particularly in wetlands and waterways where it can form dense stands and alter local ecosystems.
Culinary use
[edit]Several parts of the plant are edible, including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves, the inner core of the stalk, green bloom spikes, ripe pollen, and starchy roots.[11][12] It can be prepared in the same way as Typha latifolia.[13] The edible stem is called bồn bồn in Vietnam.photo
References
[edit]- ^ Zhuang, X. (2011). "Typha angustifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T164199A5772487. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ a b "Typha angustifolia". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Typha angustifolia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
- ^ "Typha angustifolia - narrow leaf cattail". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ a b Rook, Earl J. S. (26 February 2004). "Typha angustifolia: Narrow Leaf Cattail". Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
- ^ "PLANTS Profile for Typha angustifolia (narrowleaf cattail)". U. S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
- ^ Stuckey, R. L.; Salamon, D. P. (1987). "Typha angustifolia in North America: masquerading as a native". Am. J. Bot. 74: 757.
- ^ Mills, Edward L.; Leach, Joseph H.; Carlton, James T.; Secor, Carol L. (1993). "Exotic Species in the Great Lakes: A History of Biotic Crises and Anthropogenic Introductions" (PDF). Journal of Great Lakes Research. 19 (1): 1–54. doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71197-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
The distributional history of the narrow-leaved cattail, a brackish water species native to the Atlantic coast, is debatable. The plant is thought to have invaded inland slowly with the early canal, railroad, and highway systems. It began a rapid inland expansion in through Central New York in the first half of the 20th Century when the de-icing of highways using salt became more widespread.
The link is to a preprint of the published article; see p. 46. - ^ Selbo, Sarena M.; Snow, Allison A. (2004). "The potential for hybridization between Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland" (PDF). Aquatic Botany. 78 (4): 361–369. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.01.003. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
- ^ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9.
- ^ "Typha angustifolia - Small reed mace". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.
External links
[edit]
- Typha angustifolia Photos, drawings, description from Nature Manitoba