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List of World Aquatics Championships women's water polo tournament records and statistics

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This is a list of records and statistics of the women's water polo tournament at the World Aquatics Championships since the inaugural official edition in 1986.

Confederation statistics

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Best performances by tournament

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This is a summary of the best performances of each confederation in each tournament.[1]

Legend
  •  1st  – Champions
  •  2nd  – Runners-up
  •  3rd  – Third place
  •  4th  – Fourth place
  •  Q  – Qualified for forthcoming tournament
Confederation 1986 1991 1994 1998 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024
Africa – CANA — — — — — — — — 16th 15th 15th 16th 16th 14th 13th 12th 14th
Americas – ASUA 3rd 2nd 4th 6th 3rd 1st 2nd 1st 1st 6th 5th 1st 1st 1st 1st 5th 1st
Asia – AASF — — 12th 12th 8th 11th 15th 13th 11th 2nd 9th 5th 10th 10th 11th 13th 10th
Europe – LEN 2nd 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd 1st 3rd 3rd 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 2nd
Oceania – OSA 1st 5th 6th 3rd 5th 7th 6th 2nd 6th 5th 2nd 4th 8th 3rd 6th 4th 6th
Nations 9 9 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

All-time best performances

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This is a summary of the best performances of each confederation at the World Aquatics Championships.[1]

Legend
  • * – Host team
Confederation Best performance Women's team
Africa – CANA 12th  South Africa (2023)
Americas – ASUA 1st  United States (2003, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2024)
Asia – AASF 2nd  China (2011*)
Europe – LEN 1st  Greece (2011),  Hungary (1994, 2005),  Italy (1998, 2001),  Netherlands (1991, 2023),  Spain (2013*)
Oceania – OSA 1st  Australia (1986)

Team statistics

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Debut of teams

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Legend
  • * – Host team
  • † – Defunct team
# Year[1] Debuting teams Number Cumulative total
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
1 1986 –  Canada,  United States –  Belgium,  Great Britain,  Hungary,  Netherlands,  Norway,  West Germany†  Australia 9 9
2 1991 –  Brazil –  France,  Germany  New Zealand 4 13
3 1994 – –  Kazakhstan  Italy*,  Russia – 3 16
4 1998 – – –  Greece,  Spain – 2 18
5 2001 – –  Japan* – – 1 19
6 2003 –  Venezuela – – – 1 20
7 2005 –  Cuba  China,  Uzbekistan – – 3 23
8 2007 –  Puerto Rico – – – 1 24
9 2009  South Africa – – – – 1 25
10 2011 – – – – – 0 25
11 2013 – – – – – 0 25
12 2015 – – – – – 0 25
13 2017 – – – – – 0 25
14 2019 – –  South Korea* – – 1 26
15 2022 –  Argentina,  Colombia  Thailand – – 3 29
16 2023 – – –  Israel – 1 30
17 2024 – –  Singapore – – 1 31
Total 1 8 7 13 2

Results of host teams and defending finalists

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# Year[1] Host team Finish Defending champions Finish Defending runners-up Finish
1 1986  Spain Did not participate Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear
2 1991  Australia 5th of 9 teams  Australia 5th of 9 teams  Netherlands 1st of 9 teams
3 1994  Italy 3rd of 12 teams  Netherlands 2nd of 12 teams  Canada 5th of 12 teams
4 1998  Australia 3rd of 12 teams  Hungary 7th of 12 teams  Netherlands 2nd of 12 teams
5 2001  Japan 11th of 12 teams  Italy 1st of 12 teams  Netherlands 9th of 12 teams
6 2003  Spain 8th of 16 teams  Italy 2nd of 16 teams  Hungary 5th of 16 teams
7 2005  Canada 3rd of 16 teams  United States 2nd of 16 teams  Italy 7th of 16 teams
8 2007  Australia 2nd of 16 teams  Hungary 4th of 16 teams  United States 1st of 16 teams
9 2009  Italy 9th of 16 teams  United States 1st of 16 teams  Australia 6th of 16 teams
10 2011  China 2nd of 16 teams  United States 6th of 16 teams  Canada 8th of 16 teams
11 2013  Spain 1st of 16 teams  Greece 6th of 16 teams  China 9th of 16 teams
12 2015  Russia 8th of 16 teams  Spain 7th of 16 teams  Australia 4th of 16 teams
13 2017  Hungary 5th of 16 teams  United States 1st of 16 teams  Netherlands 9th of 16 teams
14 2019  South Korea 16th of 16 teams  United States 1st of 16 teams  Spain 2nd of 16 teams
15 2022  Hungary 2nd of 16 teams  United States 1st of 16 teams  Spain 5th of 16 teams
16 2023  Japan 14th of 16 teams  United States 5th of 16 teams  Hungary 6th of 16 teams
17 2024  Qatar Did not participate  Netherlands 5th of 16 teams  Spain 3rd of 16 teams
# Year Host team Finish Defending champions Finish Defending runners-up Finish

Comprehensive team results by tournament

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Note: Results of qualification tournaments are not included.

Legend
  •  1st  – Champions
  •  2nd  – Runners-up
  •  3rd  – Third place
  •  4th  – Fourth place
  •  Q  – Qualified for forthcoming tournament
  •     – Hosts
  • † – Defunct team
Africa – CANA (1 team)
Women's team[1] 1986 1991 1994 1998 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Years
 South Africa 16th 15th 15th 16th 16th 14th 13th 12th 14th 9
Americas – ASUA (8 teams)
Women's team[1] 1986 1991 1994 1998 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Years
 Argentina 12th 16th 2
 Brazil 8th 11th 10th 10th 13th 13th 10th 13th 14th 14th 10th 14th 14th WD 15th 14
 Canada 4th 2nd 5th 6th 3rd 4th 3rd 6th 2nd 8th 8th 11th 4th 9th 9th 7th 8th 17
Colombia 16th 1
 Cuba 9th 15th 10th 15th 4
 Puerto Rico 16th 1
 United States 3rd 3rd 4th 8th 4th 1st 2nd 1st 1st 6th 5th 1st 1st 1st 1st 5th 1st 17
 Venezuela 14th 14th 2
Asia – AASF (7 teams)
Women's team[1] 1986 1991 1994 1998 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Years
 China 16th 14th 11th 2nd 9th 5th 10th 11th WD 13th 10th 10
 Japan 11th 11th 15th 13th 13th WD 14th WD 6
 Kazakhstan Part of URS 12th 12th 8th 12th 13th 14th 13th 11th 12th 15th 10th 11th 15th 12th 14
 Singapore 16th 1
 South Korea 16th 1
 Thailand 15th 1
 Uzbekistan Part of URS 15th 15th 16th 16th 4
Europe – LEN (13 teams)
Women's team[1] 1986 1991 1994 1998 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Years
 Belgium 7th 1
 France 9th 9th 15th 14th 11th 8th 9th 13th 8
 Germany FRG 6th 8th 10th 8th 11th 10th 6
 Great Britain 9th 16th 13th 11th 4
 Greece 5th 7th 9th 5th 8th 4th 1st 6th 6th 7th 8th 7th 8th 4th 14
 Hungary 5th 4th 1st 7th 2nd 5th 1st 4th 7th 9th 3rd 9th 5th 4th 2nd 6th 2nd 17
 Israel 10th 1
 Italy 3rd 1st 1st 2nd 7th 5th 9th 4th 10th 3rd 6th 6th 4th 3rd 7th 15
 Netherlands 2nd 1st 2nd 2nd 9th 6th 10th 9th 5th 7th 7th 2nd 9th 7th 3rd 1st 5th 17
 Norway 8th 1
 Russia Part of URS 7th 4th 6th 3rd 4th 3rd 3rd 3rd 4th 8th 3rd 5th DQ DQ DQ 12
 Spain 9th 8th 11th 7th 8th 11th 1st 7th 2nd 2nd 5th 2nd 3rd 13
 West Germany† 6th See Germany 1
Oceania – OSA (2 teams)
Women's team[1] 1986 1991 1994 1998 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Years
 Australia 1st 5th 6th 3rd 5th 7th 6th 2nd 6th 5th 2nd 4th 8th 3rd 6th 4th 6th 17
 New Zealand 7th 10th 11th 12th 12th 12th 12th 12th 12th 13th 12th 12th 10th 11th 9th 15
Total teams 9 9 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

Finishes in the top four

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The following table is pre-sorted by total finishes in the top four (in descending order), number of gold medals (in descending order), number of silver medals (in descending order), number of bronze medals (in descending order), name of the team (in ascending order), respectively.

Legend
  • * – Host team
Rk Women's team[1] Total Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place First Last
1  United States 13 8 (2003, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2024) 1 (2005) 2 (1986, 1991) 2 (1994, 2001) 1986 2024
2  Hungary 9 2 (1994, 2005) 3 (2001, 2022*, 2024) 1 (2013) 3 (1991, 2007, 2019) 1991 2024
3  Italy 8 2 (1998, 2001) 1 (2003) 3 (1994*, 2015, 2023) 2 (2011, 2022) 1994 2023
4  Russia 8 5 (2003, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2017) 3 (1998, 2005, 2013) 1998 2017
5  Netherlands 7 2 (1991, 2023) 4 (1986, 1994, 1998, 2015) 1 (2022) 1986 2023
6  Australia 7 1 (1986) 2 (2007*, 2013) 2 (1998*, 2019) 2 (2015, 2023) 1986 2023
7  Canada 7 2 (1991, 2009) 2 (2001, 2005*) 3 (1986, 2003, 2017) 1986 2017
8  Spain 5 1 (2013*) 3 (2017, 2019, 2023) 1 (2024) 2013 2024
9  Greece 3 1 (2011) 2 (2009, 2024) 2009 2024
10  China 1 1 (2011*) 2011 2011
Rk Women's team Total Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place First Last

Medal table

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The following table is pre-sorted by number of gold medals (in descending order), number of silver medals (in descending order), number of bronze medals (in descending order), name of the team (in ascending order), respectively.

RankWomen's teamGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States81211
2 Netherlands2417
3 Hungary2316
4 Italy2136
5 Spain1315
6 Australia1225
7 Greece1001
8 Canada0224
9 China0101
10 Russia0055
Totals (10 entries)17171751

Champions

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Main article: List of world champions in women's water polo

The following table shows results of world champions in women's water polo by tournament.

Legend
  •  6  – Winning 6 matches during the tournament
  •  4  – Drawing 4 matches during the tournament
  •  2  – Losing 2 matches during the tournament
  •  100.0%  – Winning all matches during the tournament
  •  team  – Winning streak (winning three or more world championships in a row)
  •     – Host team
  • † – Defunct team
Abbreviation
  • MP – Matches played
  • W – Won
  • D – Drawn
  • L – Lost
  • GF – Goals for
  • GA – Goals against
  • GD – Goals difference
  • GF/MP – Goals for per match
  • GA/MP – Goals against per match
  • GD/MP – Goals difference per match
Results of champions by tournament
# Women's tournament Champion MP W D L Win % GF GA GD GF/MP GA/MP GD/MP
1 Madrid 1986  Australia (1st title) 7 7 0 0 100.0% 83 36 47 11.857 5.143 6.714
2 Perth 1991  Netherlands (1st title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 71 47 24 11.833 7.833 4.000
3 Rome 1994  Hungary (1st title) 7 6 0 1 85.7% 55 38 17 7.857 5.429 2.429
4 Perth 1998  Italy (1st title) 8 5 0 3 62.5% 77 57 20 9.625 7.125 2.500
5 Fukuoka 2001  Italy (2nd title) 8 6 1 1 75.0% 77 45 32 9.625 5.625 4.000
6 Barcelona 2003  United States (1st title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 62 31 31 10.333 5.167 5.167
7 Montreal 2005  Hungary (2nd title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 64 35 29 10.667 5.833 4.833
8 Melbourne 2007  United States (2nd title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 56 38 18 9.333 6.333 3.000
9 Rome 2009  United States (3rd title) 7 6 0 1 85.7% 77 53 24 11.000 7.571 3.429
10 Shanghai 2011  Greece (1st title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 62 51 11 10.333 8.500 1.833
11 Barcelona 2013  Spain (1st title) 6 5 0 1 83.3% 88 53 35 14.667 8.833 5.833
12 Kazan 2015  United States (4th title) 7 6 0 1 85.7% 72 36 36 10.286 5.143 5.143
13 Budapest 2017  United States (5th title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 92 37 55 15.333 6.167 9.167
14 Gwangju 2019  United States (6th title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 93 26 67 15.500 4.333 11.167
15 Budapest 2022  United States (7th title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 94 33 61 15.667 5.500 10.167
16 Fukuoka 2023  Netherlands (2nd title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 104 50 54 17.333 8.333 9.000
17 Doha 2024  United States (8th title) 6 6 0 0 100.0% 92 41 51 15.333 6.833 8.500
# Women's tournament Total 110 101 1 8 91.8% 1319 707 612 11.991 6.427 5.564
Champion MP W D L Win % GF GA GD GF/MP GA/MP GD/MP

Sources:

The following table shows women's teams that won all matches during the tournament.

Winning all matches during the tournament
# Year Champion MP W D L Win %
1 1986  Australia (1st title) 7 7 0 0 100.0%
2 1991  Netherlands (1st title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
3 2003  United States (1st title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
4 2005  Hungary (2nd title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
5 2007  United States (2nd title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
6 2011  Greece (1st title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
7 2017  United States (5th title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
8 2019  United States (6th title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
9 2022  United States (7th title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
10 2023  Netherlands (2nd title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
11 2024  United States (8th title) 6 6 0 0 100.0%
# Year Champion MP W D L Win %

The following tables show records of goals for per match.

Historical progression of records – goals for per match
Goals for
per match		 Achievement Year Champion Date of
winning gold		 Duration of record
11.857 Set record 1986  Australia (1st title) 22 August 1986 26 years, 345 days
14.667 Broke record 2013  Spain (1st title) 2 August 2013 3 years, 360 days
15.333 Broke record 2017  United States (5th title) 28 July 2017 1 year, 363 days
15.500 Broke record 2019  United States (6th title) 26 July 2019 2 years, 341 days
15.667 Broke record 2022  United States (7th title) 2 July 2022 1 year, 26 days
17.333 Broke record 2023  Netherlands (2nd title) 28 July 2023 1 year, 33 days

The following tables show records of goals against per match.

The following tables show records of goals difference per match.

Team records

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Teams having equal quantities in the tables below are ordered by the tournament the quantity was attained in (the teams that attained the quantity first are listed first). If the quantity was attained by more than one team in the same tournament, these teams are ordered alphabetically.

Tournament positions

Most titles won
8,  United States (2003, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2024).
Most finishes in the top two
9,  United States (2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2024).
Most finishes in the top three
11,  United States (1986, 1991, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2024).
Most finishes in the top four
13,  United States (1986, 1991, 1994, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2024).
Most appearances
17,  Australia,  Canada,  Hungary,  Netherlands,  United States (have participated in every tournament).

Consecutive

Most consecutive medals
4,  Italy (1994–1998–2001–2003);  United States (2003–2005–2007–2009 and 2015–2017–2019–2022).
Most consecutive golds
4,  United States (2015–2017–2019–2022).
Most consecutive silvers
2,  Netherlands (1994–1998);  Spain (2017–2019).
Most consecutive bronzes
3,  Russia (2007–2009–2011).
Most consecutive finishes in the top four
6,  Russia (2003–2005–2007–2009–2011–2013).
Most consecutive appearances
17,  Australia,  Canada,  Hungary,  Netherlands,  United States (have participated in every tournament).

Gaps

Longest gap between successive titles
32 years,  Netherlands (1991–2023).
Longest gap between successive appearances in the top two
18 years,  Canada (1991–2009).
Longest gap between successive appearances in the top three
17 years,  Netherlands (1998–2015).
Longest gap between successive appearances in the top four
17 years,  Netherlands (1998–2015).
Longest gap between successive appearances
17 years,  Great Britain (1986–2003).

Host team

Best finish by host team
Champion:  Spain (2013).

Other

Most finishes in the top two without ever being champion
2,  Canada (1991, 2009).
Most finishes in the top three without ever being champion
5,  Russia (2003, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2017).
Most finishes in the top four without ever being champion
8,  Russia (1998, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2017).
Most finishes in the top four without ever being medaled
None.

Player statistics

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(C) Captain Apps Appearances Ref Reference Rk Rank
L/R Handedness Pos Playing position FP Field player GK Goalkeeper

Multiple gold medalists

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Main articles: List of world champions in women's water polo and List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in water polo

The following table is pre-sorted by number of gold medals (in descending order), number of silver medals (in descending order), number of bronze medals (in descending order), name of the player (in ascending order), date of receiving the last gold medal (in ascending order), date of receiving the first gold medal (in ascending order), respectively.

Fourteen female athletes won three or more gold medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships. They were all members of the United States women's national water polo team. Rachel Fattal, Maddie Musselman and Maggie Steffens are the only athletes (men or women) to win five gold medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships.

There are twenty six female athletes who won two gold medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships.

Legend
  •     – Hosts
Female athletes who won three or more gold medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships
Rk Player Birth Height Women's team Pos Water polo tournament Period
(age of
first/last)		 Medals Ref
G S B T
1 Rachel Fattal 1993 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in)		  United States FP 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear 11 years
(19/30)		 5 0 0 5 [2]
Maddie Musselman 1998 1.81 m
(5 ft 11 in)		  United States FP 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear 8 years
(17/25)		 5 0 0 5 [3]
Maggie Steffens 1993 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in)		  United States FP 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 12 years
(18/30)		 5 0 0 5 [4]
4 Kaleigh Gilchrist 1992 1.76 m
(5 ft 9 in)		  United States FP 2015 Does not appear 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear 8 years
(23/31)		 4 0 0 4 [5]
Ashleigh Johnson 1994 1.86 m
(6 ft 1 in)		  United States GK 2015 Does not appear 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear 9 years
(20/29)		 4 0 0 4 [6]
Amanda Longan 1997 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in)		  United States GK 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 7 years
(20/27)		 4 0 0 4 [7]
7 Heather Petri 1978 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in)		  United States FP 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Does not appear Does not appear 10 years
(23/33)		 3 1 0 4 [8]
Brenda Villa 1980 1.63 m
(5 ft 4 in)		  United States FP 1998 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Does not appear 13 years
(17/31)		 3 1 0 4 [9]
9 Kami Craig 1987 1.81 m
(5 ft 11 in)		  United States FP 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 8 years
(19/28)		 3 0 0 3 [10]
Makenzie Fischer 1997 1.86 m
(6 ft 1 in)		  United States FP 2015 2017 2019 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 4 years
(18/22)		 3 0 0 3 [11]
Kiley Neushul 1993 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in)		  United States FP 2013 2015 2017 2019 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 6 years
(20/26)		 3 0 0 3 [12]
Jordan Raney 1996 1.78 m
(5 ft 10 in)		  United States FP 2017 Does not appear 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 6 years
(21/27)		 3 0 0 3 [13]
Melissa Seidemann 1990 1.83 m
(6 ft 0 in)		  United States FP 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 8 years
(21/29)		 3 0 0 3 [14]
Alys Williams 1994 1.81 m
(5 ft 11 in)		  United States FP 2015 2017 2019 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 4 years
(21/25)		 3 0 0 3 [15]
Rk Player Birth Height Women's team Pos Water polo tournament Period
(age of
first/last)		 G S B T Ref
Medals

Multiple medalists

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Main article: List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in water polo

The following table is pre-sorted by total number of medals (in descending order), number of gold medals (in descending order), number of silver medals (in descending order), name of the player (in ascending order), date of receiving the last medal (in ascending order), date of receiving the first medal (in ascending order), respectively.

Six female athletes won five medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships.

Legend
  •     – Hosts
Female athletes who won four medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships
Rk Player Birth Height Women's team Pos Water polo tournament Period
(age of
first/last)		 Medals Ref
G S B T
1 Rachel Fattal 1993 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in)		  United States FP 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 11 years
(19/30)		 5 0 0 5 [2]
Maddie Musselman 1998 1.81 m
(5 ft 11 in)		  United States FP 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 8 years
(17/25)		 5 0 0 5 [3]
Maggie Steffens 1993 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in)		  United States FP 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 12 years
(18/30)		 5 0 0 5 [4]
4 Anni Espar 1993 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in)		  Spain FP 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear Does not appear 13 years
(18/31)		 1 3 1 5 [16]
Laura Ester 1990 1.70 m
(5 ft 7 in)		  Spain GK 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 Does not appear Does not appear 15 years
(19/34)		 1 3 1 5 [17]
Pili Peña 1986 1.74 m
(5 ft 9 in)		  Spain FP 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 2023 2024 18 years
(19/37)		 1 3 1 5 [18]
Rk Player Birth Height Women's team Pos Water polo tournament Period
(age of
first/last)		 G S B T Ref
Medals

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "HistoFINA – Water polo medalists and statistics" (PDF). fina.org. FINA. September 2019. p. 57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Rachel Fattal". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Maddie Musselman". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Maggie Steffens". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  5. ^ "Kaleigh Gilchrist". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  6. ^ "Ashleigh Johnson". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  7. ^ "Amanda Longan". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  8. ^ "Heather Petri". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Brenda Villa". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  10. ^ "Kami Craig". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  11. ^ "Makenzie Fischer". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  12. ^ "Kiley Neushul". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  13. ^ "Jordan Raney". gostanford.com. Gostanford. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  14. ^ "Melissa Seidemann". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  15. ^ "Alys Williams". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  16. ^ "Laura Ester". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Laura Ester". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  18. ^ "Pili Peña". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 30 November 2020.

Sources

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Official Reports (FINA)

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PDF documents on the FINA website:

Official Results Books (FINA)

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PDF documents on the Omega Timing website:

PDF documents on the Sport Result website:

Olympedia

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Water polo on the Olympedia website:

Todor66

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Water polo on the Todor66 website:

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