Krol Ko
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Krol Ko (Khmer: ប្រាសាទក្រោលគោ) at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Buddhist temple built at the end of the 12th century under the rule of Jayavarman VII, in his Bayon architectural style.[1] It is north of Neak Pean. The name 'Krol Ko' is a modern term meaning 'The Park of the Oxen' and likely has no connection to its historical use.[1]
While speculative, it may have served as a chapel at a hospital site, as its layout is identical to the four hospital chapels found outside Angkor Thom (the 'Chapel of the Hospital' to the east, Ta Prohm Kel to the south, Tonle Sgnout to the north, and another site now in ruins to the west). Placement of a hospital close to Neak Pean would have made sense as Neak Pean was constructed as a representation of the waters of the mythical lake Anavatapta, which were thought to help the attainment of salvation amongst those deceased.[2] Seven of the temple pediments at Krol Ko feature Lokeshvara, a boddhisattva who, in Khmer Buddhist belief, was entrusted with healing powers.[3] Lokeshvara is commonly associated with hospitals[3].
An interesting feature of Krol Ko is that while it was built as a Buddhist temple, it contains reliefs depicting a scene from the Hindu Puranas, which are medieval Hindu scriptures more contemporary than the classical Rigvedas. The left of the building shows Krishna raising the hill Govardhana to shelter shepherds and their flocks from a thunderstorm raised by Indra. This relatively contemporary Purana-Govardhana story displays Indra's submission to Krishna, despite Indra being viewed as the supreme deity in the Rigvedas.[4] In Buddhism, Indra remained as the superior deity and was even venerated as a protector of the Buddhist faith[5] whilst worship amongst the Hindu population shifted towards Shiva, Durga, Vishnu and Krishna since the medieval period.[6] It is therefore striking that the Govardhana tale, a tale that tells of Indra's inferiority to Krishna, is depicted in an otherwise Buddhist temple. This indicates a lack of rivalry between the Buddhist and Hindu populations residing within Angkor,[1] contrary to India, where Buddhism was deemed as heretical amongst many Hindus due to its renunciation of the caste system.[7] The caste system was never entirely adopted by the Khmer civilization and other South-East Asian civilizations.[8]
The approximate location of the site is 13.468189' N, 103.895401' E (WGS 84 map datum).
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "khmer-heritage • Krol Ko Tempel Beschreibung". www.khmer-heritage.de. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ Gao, Yang (March 2020). "The Idea of the Anavatapta Lake in India and Its Adoption in East Asia". Religions. 11 (3): 134. doi:10.3390/rel11030134. ISSN 2077-1444.
- ^ a b Varro. "Lokeshvara". Varro. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ Varro. "Krishna Govardhana". Varro. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ "The God Indra in Buddhism: The Divine Protector of Dharma". termatree. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ Daniélou, Alain (December 1991). The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. ISBN 978-0-89281-354-4.
- ^ "(PDF) The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and Living Tradition ... Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and Living Tradition, 2013, 296 pages, Ravi Ravi Mohan Gupta, Kenneth Russell Valpey, 0231149980". dokumen.tips. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ Groves, J. (1 April 2014). "Southeast Asian Identities: The Case of Cambodia". Comparative Civilizations Review. 70 (70). ISSN 0733-4540.