National anthem of Austria
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| English: National Anthem of the Republic of Austria | |
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 Sheet music of the Austrian national anthem from the late 1940s, citing Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart as the composer and utilizing the pre-2011 lyrics | |
National anthem of Austria | |
| Also known as | Land der Berge, Land am Strome (English: Land of the mountains, land by the river) |
| Lyrics | Paula von Preradović, 1947 (modified in 2012) |
| Music | Disputed (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and/or Johann Holzer), 1791 |
| Adopted | 1946 (as instrumental) 1947 (with lyrics) |
| Preceded by | "Sei gesegnet ohne Ende" (as independent Austria) "Deutschlandlied" and "Horst-Wessel-Lied" (as part of Germany) |
| Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse) | |
The national anthem of Austria (Austrian German: Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich), also known by its incipit "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" (pronounced [lant deːɐ̯ ˈbɛʁɡə lant ʔam ˈʃtʁoːmə]; Land of the mountains, land by the river), was adopted in 1946. The melody, originally attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart but now disputed among various composers (most probably by Johann Holzer), was matched with a text by Paula von Preradović the following year.
History
[edit]Nineteen days before his death on 5 December 1791, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed his last complete work, the Freimaurerkantate, K. 623. In parts of the printed edition of this cantata there appeared the song K. 623a "Lasst uns mit geschlungnen Händen" ("Let us with joined hands"). To this melody the Austrian national anthem is sung. Today, Mozart's authorship is regarded as dubious and the song is attributed to Johann Holzer (either solely or co-authored with Mozart)[1] or Paul Wranitzky.[2]
Before the World War II Anschluss, Austria's state anthem was "Sei gesegnet ohne Ende", set to the tune of Haydn's "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser", the state anthem of imperial Austria since 1797. The current German national anthem "Deutschlandlied" uses the same tune, but with different words (it was also the co-national anthem of Germany during National Socialist rule). To avoid the association, and because singing it was banned for a time after the war, a new state anthem was created. The lyrics were written by Paula von Preradović, one of the few women to have written lyrics for a national anthem.[3] On 22 October 1946, the song was officially declared Austria's national anthem, albeit without words. Lyrics were added in February 1947. On 1 January 2012, parts of the lyrics were changed to make the composition gender-neutral.
Attempts at gender-neutral language
[edit]Since the 1990s, several attempts have been made to modify the lyrics to use more gender-neutral language. In 2005, Women's Minister Maria Rauch-Kallat of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) stated her objection to the words sons, fraternal and fatherland in the lyrics and proposed changes.[4] Her proposal met strong resistance by Austria's largest newspaper, the Kronen Zeitung, and failed to gain support from the then coalition partner, the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ).
In January 2010 Austrian pop singer Christina Stürmer presented a pop version of the hymn "Heimat bist du großer Söhne und Töchter" ("Thou art home to great sons and daughters")[5] as part of a campaign by the Austrian federal ministry of education. She was sued for violation of copyright by the estate of Paula von Preradović but subsequently cleared by the Austrian Supreme Court of Justice[6] who called it "a mere modernisation" and allowed the version to stand.
Since 1 January 2012 a few words in the state anthem are different from before. The text and notes of the state anthem were officially codified in the "Bundesgesetz über die Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich" (English: Federal act about the federal anthem of the Republic of Austria).[7]
Lyrics
[edit]Only the first verse is considered official and performed during official events.
| German original[8] | IPA transcription[a] | Poetic English translation[citation needed] |
|---|---|---|
I |
1 |
I |
The original (pre-2012) lyrics had the line Heimat bist du großer Söhne (Home art thou to great sons) instead of Heimat großer Töchter und Söhne on first verse as well as Brüderchören (fraternal choirs) instead of Jubelchören (jolly choirs) in the third verse. The anthem is currently sung to the following melody:
![<<
\new Voice="melody" \relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"choir aahs" \tempo 4 = 78
\autoBeamOff
\override Score.BarNumber #'transparent = ##t
%\voiceOne
\language "deutsch"
\key f \major
\time 3/4
% \override FirstVoice.DynamicText.direction = #UP
c2^\f b4 a2 b8 [( c )]
d2 c4 c8 [( b )] b4 r
b2 a4 g2 a8 [( b )]
c2 b4 b8 [( a )] a4 r
h2 c4 d2 e4 f ( d ) h c2 r4
g2^\p a4 c ( b ) g a2 d8 b a4 g r
g2 a4 c ( b ) g a2 d8 [( b )] a4 g r
b2^\f a4 d2 c4 c8 [ ( b ] a4 ) g a2 r4
d2^\ff c4 e2 f8 [( c )] c [ ( b ] a4 ) g f2 r4
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
Land der Ber -- ge, Land am Stro -- me,
Land der Ä -- cker, Land der Do -- me,
Land der Häm -- mer, zu -- kunfts -- reich!
Hei -- mat gro -- ßer
\set ignoreMelismata = ##t
Töch -- ter und Söh -- ne,
\unset ignoreMelismata
Volk, be -- gna -- det für das Schö -- ne:
viel -- ge -- rühm -- tes Ös -- ter -- reich.
Viel -- ge -- rühm -- tes Ös -- ter -- reich.
}
>>](http://upload.wikimedia.org/score/j/5/j5iwrk5itsqahzb3u66bi4cm6qtmxzb/j5iwrk5i.png)
Parody
[edit]The same evening after von Preradović learned that her lyrics were chosen for the national anthem, her sons, Otto and Fritz Molden, composed a satirical version of them.[9]
Land der Erbsen, Land der Bohnen,
Land der vier Besatzungszonen,
Wir verkaufen dich im Schleich!
Und droben überm Hermannskogel
Flattert froh der Bundesvogel.
Vielgeliebtes Österreich!
Land of the peas, land of the beans,
Land of the four zones of occupation,
we sell thee on the black market!
And up there over the Hermannskogel
gladly the federal bird flutters.
Much beloved Austria!
According to media researcher Peter Diem, the first two of these lines were popular in the schools of Vienna in 1955.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Werke zweifelhafter Echtheit – Band 3 Orchesterwerke und Lieder, vol. X/29/3, pp. xxxiii, xxxiv, Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (in German)
- ^ Diederichs, Joachim [in German] (2018). "Von wem stammt die Melodie der österreichischen Bundeshymne?" [From whom is the melody of the Austrian national anthem?]. Österreichische Musikzeitschrift (in German). Vienna: Hollitzer Verlag. pp. 79–82. Archived from the original on 2019-06-07. Retrieved 7 June 2019., year 73
- ^ "Austria—Land der Berge, Land am Strome". NationalAnthems.me. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
- ^ "Austrian national anthem 'sexist'". BBC News. 26 September 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2008.
- ^ Bildungshymne on YouTube
- ^ Decision "Bundeshymne II/Rock me Paula", Supreme Court of Justice (Austria) (4Ob171/10s, 15 December 2010) (in German)
- ^ Bundesgesetzblatt I Nr. 127/2011, 27 December 2011 (in German)
- ^ Bundesgesetzblatt I Nr. 127/2011, 27 December 2011, text and melody (in German)
- ^ Fepolinski und Waschlapski auf dem berstenden Stern. Bericht einer unruhigen Jugend [Fepolinsky and Waschlapski on a bursting star. Report of a troubled youth.] (in German). Vienna: Ibera & Molden. 1997. ISBN 3-900436-42-8.
- ^ Land der Berge, Land am Strome... in Austria-Forum (in German) by Peter Diem
Notes
[edit]- ^ See Help:IPA/German, German phonology and Austrian German.
External links
[edit]
Media related to National anthem of the Republic of Austria at Wikimedia Commons- "Lasst uns mit geschlungnen Händen": Score and critical report (in German) in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
- Bundeshymne at Chancellery, Austrian Federal Government
- "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" – audio, lyrics and information (archive link)
- Vocal version
- Instrumental version
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