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Barbara Kingsolver

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Barbara Kingsolver
Kingsolver at the 2019 National Book Festival
Kingsolver at the 2019 National Book Festival
BornBarbara Ellen Kingsolver
(1955-04-08) April 8, 1955 (age 69)
Annapolis, Maryland,
U.S.
Occupation
Education
Period1988–present
GenreHistorical fiction
SubjectSocial justice, feminism, environmentalism
Notable works
Spouse
  • Joseph Hoffmann (1985–1992)
  • Steven Lee Hopp (1994–present)
Children2
RelativesWendell Roy Kingsolver (father), Virginia Lee (Henry) Kingsolver (mother)
Website
www.kingsolver.com

Barbara Ellen Kingsolver (born April 8, 1955) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist, essayist, and poet. Her widely known works include The Poisonwood Bible, the tale of a missionary family in the Congo, and Animal, Vegetable, Miracle, a nonfiction account of her family's attempts to eat locally. In 2023, she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the novel Demon Copperhead.[1] Her work often focuses on topics such as social justice, biodiversity, and the interaction between humans and their communities and environments.

Kingsolver has received numerous awards, including the Dayton Literary Peace Prize's Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award 2011 and the National Humanities Medal. After winning for The Lacuna in 2010 and Demon Copperhead in 2023, Kingsolver became the first author to win the Women's Prize for Fiction twice.[2][3] Each of her books published since 1993 has been on the New York Times Best Seller list.[4]

Kingsolver was raised in rural Kentucky, lived briefly in the Congo in her early childhood, and currently lives in Appalachia. She earned degrees in biology, ecology, and evolutionary biology at DePauw University and the University of Arizona and worked as a freelance writer before she began writing novels. In 2000, the politically progressive Kingsolver established the Bellwether Prize to support "literature of social change".

Biography

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Kingsolver was born in 1955 in Annapolis, Maryland, the daughter of Wendell Roy Kingsolver and Virginia Lee (Henry) Kingsolver. She grew up in Carlisle, Kentucky.[5][6] When Kingsolver was seven, her father, a physician, took the family to Léopoldville, Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo).[5][7]

After graduating from high school, Kingsolver attended DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, on a music scholarship, studying classical piano. She changed her major to biology after realizing that "classical pianists compete for six job openings a year, and the rest of [them] get to play 'Blue Moon' in a hotel lobby".[6] She was involved in activism on her campus and took part in protests against the Vietnam War.[5] She graduated Phi Beta Kappa[8] with a Bachelor of Science in 1977, and moved to France for a year before settling in Tucson, Arizona, where she lived for much of the next two decades. In 1980, she enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona,[6] where she earned a master's degree in ecology and evolutionary biology.[9][10]

In 1985, she married Joseph Hoffmann; their daughter Camille was born in 1987.[11][12] She moved with her daughter to Tenerife in the Canary Islands for a year during the first Gulf War, mostly due to frustration over America's military involvement.[13] After returning to the United States in 1992, she separated from her husband.[12]

In 1994, Kingsolver was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Letters from her alma mater, DePauw University.[14] In the same year, she married Steven Lee Hopp, an ornithologist, and their daughter Lily was born in 1996. In 2004, Kingsolver moved with her family to a farm in Washington County, Virginia.[5] In 2008, she received an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Duke University, where she delivered a commencement address entitled "How to Be Hopeful".[15]

In the late 1990s, she was a founding member of the Rock Bottom Remainders, a rock-and-roll band made up of published writers. Other band members included Amy Tan, Matt Groening, Dave Barry, and Stephen King, and they played for one week during the year. Kingsolver played the keyboard, but is no longer an active member of the band.[16]

In a 2010 interview with The Guardian, Kingsolver said, "I never wanted to be famous, and still don't… the universe rewarded me with what I dreaded most". She said she created her own website just to compete with a plethora of fake ones "as a defense to protect my family from misinformation".[17]

Kingsolver lives in the Appalachia area of the United States. She said in 2020 that rural America is generally regarded by artistic elites with "a profound antipathy".[18]

Writing career

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Kingsolver speaking at BookExpo 2018
Kingsolver speaking at BookExpo America in 2018

Kingsolver began her full-time writing career in the mid-1980s as a science writer for the University of Arizona, which eventually led to freelance feature writing, including many cover stories for the local alternative weekly, the Tucson Weekly.[6][10] She began her career in fiction writing after winning a short-story contest in a local Phoenix newspaper.[6]

Kingsolver's first novel, The Bean Trees, was published in 1988, and told the story of a young woman who leaves Kentucky for Arizona, adopting an abandoned child along the way; she wrote it at night while pregnant with her first child and struggling with insomnia.[10] Her next work of fiction, published in 1990, was Homeland and Other Stories, a collection of short stories on a variety of topics exploring various themes from the evolution of cultural and ancestral lands to the struggles of marriage.[19]

The novel Animal Dreams was also published in 1990,[20] followed by Pigs in Heaven, the sequel to The Bean Trees, in 1993.[21] Every book that Kingsolver has written since Pigs in Heaven has been on The New York Times Best Seller list.[4]

The Poisonwood Bible, published in 1998, is one of her best-known works; it chronicles the lives of the wife and daughters of a Baptist missionary on a Christian mission in Africa.[22] Although the setting of the novel is somewhat similar to Kingsolver's own childhood in the Democratic Republic of Congo (then "the Democratic Republic of Zaire"), the novel is not autobiographical.[5] The novel was chosen as an Oprah's Book Club selection.[23]The Poisonwood Bible won the National Book Prize of South Africa and was shortlisted for both the Pulitzer Prize and PEN/Faulkner Award.[24]

Her next novel, published in 2000, was Prodigal Summer, set in southern Appalachia.[25] In 2000, she was awarded the National Humanities Medal by the U.S. President Bill Clinton.[26]

Kingsolver wrote a Los Angeles Times opinion piece following the U.S. bombing of Afghanistan in the wake of the September 11 attacks, which received widespread criticism for conflating innocent Afghans with the Taliban regime. She wrote, "I feel like I'm standing on a playground where the little boys are all screaming at each other, 'He started it!' and throwing rocks that keep taking out another eye, another tooth. I keep looking around for somebody's mother to come on the scene saying, 'Boys! Boys! Who started it cannot possibly be the issue here. People are getting hurt.'"[27] By some accounts, she was "denounced as a traitor," but rebounded from these accusations and later wrote about them.[28]

Starting in April 2005, Kingsolver and her family spent a year making every effort to eat food produced as locally as possible.[29] Living on their farm in rural Virginia, they grew much of their own food and obtained most of the rest from their neighbors and other local farmers.[30] Kingsolver, her husband, and her elder daughter chronicled their experiences of that year in the book Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life, published in 2007. Although exceptions were made for staple ingredients not available locally, such as coffee and olive oil, the family grew vegetables, raised livestock, made cheese, and preserved much of their harvest.[29][31] Animal, Vegetable, Miracle won the 2008 James Beard Foundation Award.

Kingsolver returned to novel-writing with The Lacuna, published in 2009. Kingsolver received her first Women's Prize for Fiction for the novel in 2010.[3] The Lacuna won the 2010 Orange Prize for Fiction.[32] Flight Behavior was published in 2012. It explores environmental themes and highlights the potential effects of global warming on the monarch butterfly.[33]

In 2011, Kingsolver was the first ever recipient of the Dayton Literary Peace Prize Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award. The newly named award to celebrate the U.S. diplomat who played an instrumental role in negotiating the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995.[34] In 2014, Kingsolver was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Library of Virginia. The award recognizes outstanding and long-lasting contributions to literature by a Virginian.[35] In 2018 the Library of Virginia named her one of the Virginia Women in History.[36]

Unsheltered was published in 2018 and follows two families in Vineland, New Jersey with one in the 1800s and the other in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.[citation needed] Her latest book, published in 2022, is Demon Copperhead. The novel was inspired by David Copperfield and is set in southern Appalachia. In 2023, Demon Copperhead received the 2023 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction alongside Hernan Diaz's Trust, the first time the award was shared in its history.

Kingsolver is also a published poet and essayist. Two of her essay collections, High Tide in Tucson (1995) and Small Wonder (2003), have been published, and an anthology of her poetry was published in 1998 under the title Another America. Her essay "Where to Begin" appears in the anthology Knitting Yarns: Writers on Knitting (2013), published by W. W. Norton & Company. Her prose poetry also accompanied photographs by Annie Griffiths Belt in a 2002 work titled Last Stand: America's Virgin Lands.[37]

Her major nonfiction works include her 1990 publication Holding the Line: Women in the Great Arizona Mine Strike of 1983[38] and 2007's Animal, Vegetable, Miracle, a description of eating locally.[29] She has also been published as a science journalist in periodicals such as Economic Botany on topics such as desert plants and bioresources.[6][39]

Bellwether Prize

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In 2000, Kingsolver established the Bellwether Prize for Fiction. Named for the bellwether, the literary prize supports writers whose works support positive social change.[5] The award is given to a U.S. citizen for a previously unpublished work of fiction that addresses issues of social justice. The Bellwether Prize is awarded in even-numbered years and includes guaranteed major publication and a cash prize of US$25,000, fully funded by Kingsolver.[40] She has stated that she wanted to create a literary prize to "encourage writers, publishers, and readers to consider how fiction engages visions of social change and human justice".[41] In May 2011, the PEN American Center announced it would take over administration of the prize, to be known as the PEN/Bellwether Prize for Socially Engaged Fiction.[42]

Literary style and themes

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Kingsolver has written novels in both the first-person and third-person narrative styles, and she frequently employs overlapping narratives.[25]

Kingsolver often writes about places and situations with which she is familiar; many of her stories are based in places she has lived, such as Central Africa, Arizona, and Appalachia. She has stated that her novels are not autobiographical, although there are often commonalities between her life and her work.[5] Her work is often strongly idealistic[6] and has been called a form of activism.[43]

Her characters are frequently written around struggles for social equality, such as the hardships faced by undocumented immigrants, the working poor, and single mothers.[6] Other common themes in her work include the balancing of individuality with the desire to live in a community, and the interaction and conflict between humans and the ecosystems in which they live.[10] Kingsolver has been said to use prose and engaging narratives to make historical events, such as the Congo's struggles for independence, more interesting and engaging for the average reader.[5]

Awards and honors

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Works

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Fiction

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Essays

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Poetry

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  • Another America, 1992
  • How to Fly (In Ten Thousand Easy Lessons), 2020

Nonfiction

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  • Holding the Line: Women in the Great Arizona Mine Strike of 1983, 1989, ISBN 9780875461564
  • Last Stand: America's Virgin Lands, 2002 (with photographer Annie Griffiths Belt) ISBN 9780792269090
  • Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life, 2007 (with Steven L. Hopp and Camille Kingsolver) ISBN 9780062653055 [39]

References

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  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "2023 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  2. ^ Shaffi, Sarah (April 26, 2023). "Three debut novels compete among Women's prize for fiction shortlist". The Guardian. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Shaffi, Sarah (2022-06-14). "Barbara Kingsolver wins the Women's prize for fiction for second time". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-06-14.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Schuessler, Jennifer (November 13, 2009). "Inside the List". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Kerr, Sarah (October 11, 1988), "The Novel as Indictment", The New York Times, retrieved May 3, 2010
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Lyall, Sarah (September 1, 1993). "At Lunch With Barbara Kingsolver" (interview). The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  7. ^ Kanner, Ellen (November 1998). "Barbara Kingsolver turns to her past to understand the present". Archived from the original on 2012-07-21. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  8. ^ Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2004). Barbara Kingsolver: A Literary Companion. McFarland. p. 13. ISBN 9781476611174.
  9. ^ "Barbara Kingsolver profile". St Charles Public Library. February 2010. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Ballard, Sandra L. (2003). Listen Here: Women Writing in Appalachia. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. pp. 330–31. ISBN 978-0-8131-9066-2. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  11. ^ "Barbara Kingsolver". eNotes. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b "Barbara Kingsolver Brief Biography". Barbara Kingsolver's official website. Archived from the original (Biography) on 2010-07-14. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
  13. ^ Leonard, Tom (November 20, 2009). "Barbara Kingsolver: Interview" (Interview). The Daily Telegraph. London, UK. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  14. ^ "Barbara Kingsolver '77 is Finalist for Britain's Orange Prize". DePauw University News. April 20, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  15. ^ Kingsolver, Barbara (May 11, 2008). "How to be Hopeful". Duke University. Archived from the original (Speech) on May 11, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  16. ^ "History of the Rock Bottom Remainders" (website). Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  17. ^ "Guardian interview: A life in writing: Barbara Kingsolver". The Guardian. UK. June 12, 2010.
  18. ^ Marriott, James. "Barbara Kingsolver interview: The Poisonwood Bible author talks about how her mother's death allowed her to write about family". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  19. ^ Banks, Russell (1989-06-11). "Distant as a Cherokee Childhood". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  20. ^ Smiley, Jane (1990-09-02). "In One Small Town, the Weight of the World". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  21. ^ Karbo, Karen (1993-06-27). "And Baby Makes Two" (Book review). The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  22. ^ Klinkenborg, Verlyn (October 16, 1998). "Going Native". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  23. ^ "Barbara Kingsolver author biography". Oprah.com. Archived from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b "Awards & Honors | Barbara Kingsolver" (Awards & Honors List). Official Site. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b Schuessler, Jennifer (November 5, 2000). "Men, Women and Coyotes" (Book review). The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b Harper Collins. "About the Author, Barbara Kingsolver". Archived from the original on 2010-02-05. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
  27. ^ Barbara, Kingsolver (October 14, 2001), "No Glory in Unjust War on the Weak", Los Angeles Times, p. 2, retrieved June 10, 2016.
  28. ^ "How Barbara Kingsolver recovered from a 9/11 backlash". Herald Scotland. November 8, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  29. ^ Jump up to: a b c Maslin, Janet (May 11, 2007). "Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life". The New York Times. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
  30. ^ Neary, Lynn (April 29, 2007). "Back to Basics: Kingsolver Clan Lives off Land: NPR". National Public Radio. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  31. ^ Kingsolver, Barbara; Hopp, Steven; Kingsolver, Camille (2006). Animal, Vegetable, Miracle. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060852559.
  32. ^ Brown, Mark. "Barbara Kingsolver's The Lacuna beats Wolf Hall to Orange prize". The Guardian. London, UK. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  33. ^ Lipman, Elinor (November 19, 2012). "A Visitation of Butterflies to a Town and a Life". The New York Times. p. 6. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  34. ^ "About the Awards – Dayton Literary Peace Prize". Retrieved 2022-03-29.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b "Annual Library of Virginia Literary Awards". Library of Virginia. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  36. ^ Jump up to: a b "Virginia Women in History 2018 Barbara Kingsolver". www.lva.virginia.gov. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  37. ^ Parsell, T.L. (October 29, 2002). "New Photo Book an Homage to Last U.S. Wildlands". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on November 1, 2002. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  38. ^ Stegner, Page (January 7, 1990). "Both Sides Lost". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b "Bibliography" (Bibliography). Official Website. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  40. ^ "Bellwether Prize Information". Bellwether Prize Official Site. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  41. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Official site. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  42. ^ "American PEN Centre". Archived from the original on 2012-10-06.
  43. ^ Gioseffi, Daniela (2003). Women on War: an International Anthology of Women's Writings from Antiquity to the Present. New York, NY: Feminist Press. pp. 86–88. ISBN 1-55861-408-7. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  44. ^ "Kingsolver, Pinkckney win James Tait Back Prizes". Books+Publishing. 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
  45. ^ Stewart, Sophia (2023-05-08). "'Demon Copperhead,' 'Trust,' 'His Name Is George Floyd' Among 2023 Pulitzer Prize Winners". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
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