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COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand

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COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand
Date28 February 2021 (2021-02-28) – present (3 years, 3 months, 2 weeks and 4 days)
LocationThailand
CauseCOVID-19 pandemic in Thailand
Participants112,279,694 total doses
(20 Jan 2022)[1]
Websiteddc.moph.go.th/vaccine-covid19/
dashboard-vaccine.moph.go.th
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Total number of people who have received vaccinations in Thailand as of 8 Nov 2021[1]
* Percentage of population with right to medical treatment[2]

  Unvaccinated population: ~23.003 million people (34.24%)
  Population who have received only one dose of a two-dose vaccine: 9,745,446 (14.51%)
  Population who are fully vaccinated: 31,857,851 (47.42%)
  Population who received first booster dose: 2,572,899 (3.83%)
  Population who received second booster dose: 2,809 (0.00%)

Vaccines delivered per pharmaceutical company as of 8 Nov [1]

  Oxford–AstraZeneca: ~36.606 million doses (43.78%)
  CoronaVac: ~25.508 million doses (30.50%)
  Sinopharm BIBP: ~13.231 million doses (15.82%)
  Pfizer–BioNTech: ~8.199 million doses (9.8%)
  Moderna: ~0.07 million doses (0.01%)
  Janssen: ~0.007 million doses (0.01%)

COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand is an ongoing mass immunization in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country.

Background[edit]

In November 2020, the authorities ordered 26 million doses of vaccine from AstraZeneca, which reported 70% overall efficacy.[3] It requires 2 doses of vaccine per person, so the quantity ordered would only cover 13 million people.[4] Prayut cabinet later approved budget for ordering 35 million additional doses in January 2021.[5] Siam Bioscience, a company owned by King Vajiralongkorn, will received technological transfer for co-investment.[6] The authorities also imported 2 million doses of vaccine from Sinovac, a Chinese company which Thai conglomerate Charoen Pokphand invested in,[7] during February to April 2021.[8]

Likewise, the Thai government also stepped up its attempt to produce its homegrown vaccines amidst criticism,[9] with "ChulaCov19" and set to begin trials in May 2021.[10] Phase I testing of the NDV-HXP-S vaccine began at Mahidol University in March 2021.[11][12]

In July 2021, the National Vaccine Institute apologized for slow vaccine deployment.[13] Meanwhile, the government's prior commitment to secure 61 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine became doubted after a leaked document showed that the company would deliver no more than 60 percent of the number planned per month.[14] A virology advisor also endorsed an untested plan to mix AstraZeneca and Sinovac vaccines.[15] There was already a report of death from the practice, but health professionals said they have to rule out other causes first.[16]

Vaccines used[edit]

National Vaccines[edit]

Free Vaccines which are provided under the policies of the Ministry of Public Health.

Vaccine name Doses ordered

(excluding donation)

Doses arrived

(including donation)

Approval (EUA) First Arrival Deployment Ref
United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca 61 million 25.5 million 20 January 2021 24 February 2021 28 February 2021 [17][18][19][20]
China CoronaVac 31.1 million 26.52 million 22 January 2021 24 February 2021 28 February 2021 [18][19][20]
United StatesBelgium Janssen 5 million unknown 25 March 2021 Late June 26 July 2021 [21][22][23][24][20]
United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech 30 million 3.5 million 24 June 2021 30 July 2021 5 Aug 2021 [25][26][27][18][28][29]

Optional Vaccines[edit]

Vaccines that are not in the policies of the Ministry of Public Health. Orders are made through government organizations but the cost of vaccination will not be supported by the government. However, people who get vaccinated by these vaccines are still counted in the national vaccination programme.

Vaccine name Distributor Doses planned
or ordered 		Doses arrived Approval (EUA) First Arrival Deployment Ref
United States Moderna Government Pharmaceutical Organization 5 million 0.5602 million 13 May 2021 1 Nov 2021 5 Nov 2021 [21][30][31][32]
Chulabhorn Royal Academy 8 million Not yet 13 May 2021 Not yet Not yet [33]
China Sinopharm BIBP (BBIBP-CorV) Chulabhorn Royal Academy 15 million 15 million 28 May 2021 20 June 2021 25 June 2021 [21][34][35][18][36][37]

Vaccines pending approval[edit]

Vaccination Procedures[edit]

Vaccination procedures used in Thailand.[38]

First Dose Second Dose Third Dose Fourth Dose Dose Interval
China CoronaVac
or
China Sinopharm BIBP 		China CoronaVac
or
China Sinopharm BIBP 		United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca
or
United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca
or
United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		2–4 weeks[39] (2nd)
4 weeks (3rd)
3 month (4th)
China CoronaVac
or
China Sinopharm BIBP 		United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca
or
United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca
or
United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		3–4 weeks (2nd)
3 month (3rd and 4th)
China CoronaVac
or
China Sinopharm BIBP 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		3–4 weeks (2nd)
6 month (3rd)
3 month (4th)
United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		10–16 weeks (2nd)
3 month (3rd and 4th)
United KingdomSweden Oxford–AstraZeneca United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		4–12 weeks (2nd)
6 month (3rd)
3 month (4th)
United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		United StatesGermany Pfizer–BioNTech
or
United States Moderna 		4–12 weeks (2nd)
6 month (3rd)
3 month (4th)

Notes[edit]

  • MOPH suspended the procedures of the first two doses of Sinovac vaccine on 12 July 2021 due to inefficient immunization against Delta variant. People who received the Sinovac vaccine for the first dose and had an appointment date for second dose after suspension, the second doses will be switched to other vaccines automatically.[40]
  • MOPH suspended the procedures of the first two doses of AstraZeneca on 11 September 2021 due to long dose interval process which takes time for creating immunization. People who received the first dose of AstraZeneca vaccine before the suspension will continue to receive the same AstraZeneca vaccine for second dose. However, People who haven't received the first dose before the suspension will have to start with other procedures instead.[41]
  • Excluding the procedure of Jannsen vaccine which is currently imported and managed by the Embassy of France in Thailand under the approval of MOPH, only French nationals living in Thailand are eligible to receive this vaccine for now.

Vaccines in trial stage[edit]

Vaccine Type (technology) Progress
ThailandUnited StatesNDV-HXP-S (HXP-GPOVac)
Mahidol University, University of Texas at Austin, 		Newcastle disease virus (NDV) viral vector
(expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2,
with or without the adjuvant CpG 1018) or Inactivated 		Phase I–II (460)[42]
Randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blind.
Mar 2021 – May 2022; Thailand[43]
Thailand ChulaCov19
Chulalongkorn University 		RNA Phase I–II (96)[44]
Dose-finding Study.
Jan–Mar 2021, Thailand
Thailand Baiya SARS-CoV-2 Vax 1[45]
Baiya Phytopharm Co Ltd. 		Plant-based Subunit (RBD-Fc + adjuvant) Phase I (96)[46]
Randomized, open-label, dose-finding.
Sep–Dec 2021, Thailand
AustraliaThailand COVIGEN[47]
Bionet Asia, Technovalia, University of Sydney 		DNA Phase I (150)[48]
Double-blind, dose-ranging, randomised, placebo-controlled.
Feb 2021 – Jun 2022, Australia, Thailand

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

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  48. ^ "The Safety and Immunogenicity of a DNA-based Vaccine (COVIGEN) in Healthy Volunteers (COVALIA)". ClinicalTrials.gov. 8 February 2021. NCT04742842.
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