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Malaysia Day

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For the national day of Malaysia, see Independence Day (Malaysia).

Malaysia Day
هاري مليسيا‎
A picture of the 2011 simultaneous Malaysia Day and Hari Merdeka celebrations that was held at the Dataran Merdeka in Kuala Lumpur.
Official nameHari Malaysia
Observed byMalaysians
TypeNational
SignificanceMarks the establishment of the Malaysian federation.
Date16 September
Next time16 September 2024 (2024-09-16)
FrequencyAnnual
Part of the
Formation of Malaysia
Events
Malaysia Bill
Cobbold Commission
 • 18-point agreement
 • 20-point agreement
Singaporean referendum
Sarawak communist insurgency
North Borneo dispute
 • Cross border attacks in Sabah
 • Moro conflict
 • Piracy in Sulu & Celebes
Brunei revolt
 • North Borneo Federation
Konfrontasi
Manila Accord
Maphilindo
Sarawak Self-governance
Malaysia Act 1963
North Borneo Self-governance
Proclamation of Malaysia
Operation Claret
1964 race riots in Singapore
MacDonald House bombing
PAP–UMNO relations
Proclamation of Singapore
UN Security Council Resolution 213
Singapore Agreement
South Thailand insurgency
Double Six Tragedy
Pedra Branca dispute
2019 failed constitutional amendment
2021 constitutional amendment
flag Malaysia portal

Malaysia Day (Malay: Hari Malaysia; Jawi: هاري مليسيا‎) is a public holiday held on 16 September every year to commemorate the establishment of the Malaysian federation on that date in 1963. This event saw Malaya, North Borneo (which was renamed Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore unite into a single state. Singapore, however, was expelled from the federation less than two years later, on 9 August 1965.

History

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The planned date for the formation of the new federation was 1 June 1963, but the event was postponed to 31 August 1963, to coincide with the sixth anniversary of Hari Merdeka. Several issues relating to the objections of neighbouring Indonesia and the Philippines to the formation of Malaysia delayed the declaration to 16 September of the same year. The postponement also allowed the United Nations team time to conduct a fact-finding mission in North Borneo and Sarawak regarding the two states participation in a new federation.[1][2]

No referendum regarding federation was ever conducted in North Borneo or Sarawak. Singapore held a referendum on 1 September 1962, with all three options endorsing integration into Malaysia.[citation needed]

The formation of Malaysia was done under the basis of the Malaysia Agreement, signed in 1963 by the United Kingdom, the Federation of Malaya, Sarawak, North Borneo, and Singapore. This Agreement set out the terms and conditions for the component States to be federated under a new constitution. This Agreement included in its annexes the "Malaysia Bill" (Annex A), and the constitutions of Sabah (Annex B), Sarawak (Annex C), and Singapore (Annex D).[citation needed]

Prior to the formation of Malaysia, Sarawak gained self-governance on 22 July 1963.[3]

The "Malaysia Bill" was introduced in the Malayan Parliament on 9 July 1963, and received consent from Tuanku Syed Putra, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 29 August 1963.[1]

North Borneo (now Sabah) only became self-governing from 31 August 1963,[4] which coincided with the sixth anniversary of Malayan independence from the British Empire and was also the original intended date of the Malaysia Agreement.[citation needed]

The first two commemoration anniversaries were celebrated unofficially both respectively in 1973, which marks a decade (10th anniversary) of the federation's existence and also 15 years later in 1988, which marks the silver jubilee (25th anniversary) of independence for Sabah and Sarawak states through their accession into the federation as member states.[citation needed]

Prior to 2010, Malaysia Day was observed as a state public holiday only in Sabah and Sarawak (with subsequent unofficial commemoration anniversaries in 1993 – pearl jubilee or 30th anniversary, 1998 – coral jubilee or 35th anniversary, 2003 – ruby jubilee or 40th anniversary and the last being in 2008 – sapphire jubilee or 45th anniversary), but an unofficial patriotic day of observance marked nationally (it marks the end of the annual month-long August–September Independence Month observance) and only the anniversary of the nation's formation. [citation needed]

Prime Minister Najib Razak made the decision after a question-and-answer session at Parliament on 19 October 2009, giving Malaysians two celebrations related to the country's independence and sovereignty. Beginning the year 2010, Malaysia Day became a nationwide public holiday.[5]

The inaugural celebrations only began in 2011, in which Hari Merdeka was celebrated albeit simultaneously for that year only (as since it was delayed by a time limit of 2 weeks' late), since that year's annually observed date of 31 August coincided or clashed with that year's Eid-ul-Fitr celebrations.[citation needed]

The celebrations in 2013 was the official golden jubilee observance which symbolically commemorates the sacrifices of the nation's security officers, in which it became the main focus and theme in response to the consequences brought in by the 2013 Lahad Datu stand-off, in which that year's celebrations were observed as a mark of tribute and respect to the casualties of the incursion (both personnel and civilians alike) in addition to reaching a milestone of 50 years since the establishment of the country on 16 September 1963.[citation needed]

In conjunction with the 55th anniversary celebrations in 2018 under the new, but short-lived Pakatan Harapan (PH) government, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad promised to restore a more autonomous status to Sabah and Sarawak in accordance with the original Malaysia Agreement, changing "their status from merely a state to an equal partner of the Malayan states."[6][7]

Two years later in 2020 (just a decade into the celebration's gazetting as an additional public holiday), Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin of the Perikatan Nasional-Gabungan Parti Sarawak-Barisan Nasional-United Sabah Party current-ruling cum returning coalition unity government made a similar pledge.[8]

National-level celebration locations

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Since the Malaysia Day began to be officially celebrated in 2011, national-level celebrations have been held in various cities across Malaysia. In 2020 and 2021, smaller scale celebrations were held due to COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia.[9]

City Years host
Kuala Lumpur 2011[10]
Bintulu 2012, 2016[11][12]
Kuching 2013, 2019, 2023[13][14][15]
Miri 2014[16]
Kota Kinabalu 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2024[17][18][19][20]
Sibu 2020[9]
Malacca City 2022[21]
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Locations of national-level Malaysia Day celebration

Other observations

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16 September is also Malaysian Armed Forces Day, in which this was the very same day it was established, 30 years prior to the Formation of Malaysia way back during the British colonial era in the year 1933.[citation needed]

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Malaysia Forever was a song composed by Bobby Gimby to celebrate the Formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Bobby Gimby received the nickname "The Pied Piper of Canada" after the Prime Minister nicked Gimby "the Pied Piper from Canada". The song was recorded in Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. It is a folk song with a length of 2 minutes sung by the Choir of the Marymount Vocational School (Singapore). On the days before the merger, it was taught to school children and became an instant hit when it was broadcast over the air-waves throughout Malaysia.[22][23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b A marriage that was doomed from the start. New Straits Times. 4 August 2007.
  2. ^ Looi Sue-Chern (15 September 2014). "Sabah and Sarawak deserve better, says Guan Eng in Malaysia Day message". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  3. ^ Frans Welman (9 March 2017). Borneo Trilogy Sarawak: Volume 2. Booksmango. pp. 134–. ISBN 978-616-245-089-1. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  4. ^ Frans Welman (9 March 2017). Borneo Trilogy Volume 1: Sabah. Booksmango. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-616-245-078-5. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  5. ^ Yeng Ai Chun (19 October 2009). "Malaysia Day now a public holiday, says PM". The Star. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  6. ^ Stephanie Lee; Fatimah Zainal (16 September 2018). "Sabah, Sarawak to be restored as equal partners forming Malaysia, says Dr M". The Star. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  7. ^ "Sabah, Sarawak to be restored as equal partners forming Malaysia, not just component states, says PM Mahathir". The Star/Asia News Network. The Straits Times. 16 September 2018. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  8. ^ Koya, Zakiah (17 September 2020). "Sabah, Sarawak our equal partners". TheStar. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  9. ^ a b "57th Malaysia Day celebration demonstrates closeness of Sabah, Sarawak and the peninsula". Malay Mail. 16 September 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  10. ^ "Hari Malaysia, Kemerdekaan Disambut Serentak Penuh Gilang-Gemilang" (in Malay). MStar. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  11. ^ Hazmin Hamudin (16 September 2012). "Selamat Menyambut Hari Malaysia 2012" (in Malay). Hazmin Hamudin. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  12. ^ "Sambutan Hari Malaysia penuh sejarah" (in Malay). Utusan Borneo. 17 September 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  13. ^ "Hari Malaysia Ke-50 Disambut Meriah Penuh Warna-Warni" (in Malay). MStar. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  14. ^ Mohd Roji Kawi (15 September 2019). "Jerebu tidak jejas Sambutan Hari Malaysia 2019" (in Malay). Berita Harian. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  15. ^ Mohd Roji Kawi (9 August 2023). "Sarawak tuan rumah Hari Malaysia 2023" (in Malay). Berita Harian. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  16. ^ "Sambutan Hari Malaysia meriah" (in Malay). Berita Harian. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  17. ^ "Hari Malaysia disambut meriah, penuh warna warni" (in Malay). Berita Harian. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  18. ^ "Sekitar sambutan Hari Malaysia 2017" (in Malay). Berita Harian. 16 September 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  19. ^ Izyan Liyana Md. Darif, Noor Hasliza Nusi and Nur Amalia Azri (16 September 2018). "Sambutan Hari Malaysia berbeza". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  20. ^ Izwan Abdullah (13 September 2021). "Perdana Menteri dijadual hadir sambutan Hari Malaysia" (in Malay). Berita Harian. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  21. ^ "Kira-kira 20,000 pengunjung dijangka meriahkan Sambutan Hari Malaysia 2022 di Melaka" (in Malay). Astro Awani. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Malaysians Should Reflect On Lyrics From Malaysia Forever". 15 September 2015.
  23. ^ Listen to Music on YouTube
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