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Saab 2000

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Saab 2000
Darwin Airline Saab 2000 in Etihad Regional livery taking off at Düsseldorf Airport in 2014
Role Turboprop Regional airliner
Manufacturer Saab
First flight 26 March 1992
Introduction 30 August 1994[1]
Status In limited passenger service
Produced 1992–1999
Number built 63[2]
Developed from Saab 340

The Saab 2000 is a twin-engined high-speed turboprop airliner built by Swedish aircraft manufacturer Saab. It is designed to carry 50–58 passengers and able to cruise at a maximum speed of 685 km/h (370 kn).[3] Production took place in Linköping, Sweden. The Saab 2000 first flew in March 1992 and was certified in 1994. The last aircraft was delivered in April 1999, a total of 63 aircraft being built. As of June 2023, 31 total Saab 2000s were in either airline or military service.[4]

Development and design

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In December 1988, Saab decided to build a stretched derivative of its successful Saab 340 twin-turboprop regional airliner. The new aircraft was planned to meet a perceived demand for a high-speed 50-seat turboprop with good climb performance which could operate over short- and medium-range routes with similar block times to jet aircraft while retaining the efficiency provided by turboprop engines. The new airliner, called the Saab 2000, was formally launched in May 1989, with Saab already having firm orders for 46 aircraft and options for a further 147.[5] The aircraft was assembled at Saab's Linköping factory, with major subcontractors including CASA, who built the aircraft's wings, Short Brothers, who built the rear fuselage and Valmet who built the aircraft's tail surfaces.[6] The Saab 2000 first flew on 26 March 1992 and entered into scheduled airline service in September 1994, a few months after its certification by the Joint Aviation Authorities in March and the Federal Aviation Administration in April.[7][8]

The Saab 2000 has a 15% greater wingspan than the Saab 340,[5] and being 7.55 metres (24 ft 9 in) longer can carry up to 58 passengers (while for European Union, the certified Maximum Passenger Seating Capacities is 53 according to the Type-certificate Data Sheet issued by EASA.[9]) in a high-density layout and 50 with a more comfortable 32 inches (81 cm) seat pitch.[7][5] The 2000 was the first commercial aircraft to use the Allison GMA 2100 turboprop engines, which are derated to 3,390 kW (4,550 shp) for the plane.[10] One engine was mounted on each wing, as in the 340, with the engines placed further from the fuselage than those of the 340 to reduce cabin noise.[5] The Dowty-Rotol propellers are 3.81 m (12.5 ft) in diameter, and they have a slow rotational speed of 1,100 rpm at takeoff and 950 rpm in cruise.[11] The aircraft was designed to operate at a maximum cruise speed of Mach 0.62.[12]

Operational history

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Saab 2000 cockpit
Saab 2000 cabin

Sales of the Saab 2000 were fairly limited. The major initial customer was Crossair, a regional airline which had Swissair as a 56% shareholder.[citation needed] Crossair took delivery of 34 aircraft and retired the type in 2005.

Due to limited demand, Saab ceased production of the Saab 2000 in 1999, with the last aircraft being delivered to Crossair on 29 April of that year.[13] The primary reason for the low sales was the success of newly introduced regional jets such as the Bombardier CRJ and Embraer ERJ 145 family which provided better performance and passenger comfort for the same initial price.

General Motors (GM) operated several corporate-configured Saab 2000s[citation needed] and was in talks with new startup air carrier Pro Air to have this airline operate them in scheduled service as Pro Air Express in the U.S.; however, Pro Air then encountered financial difficulties and ceased all operations before the deal could be consummated.[citation needed] Air Marshall Islands also operated a Saab 2000 in the remote Micronesia island region of the Pacific Ocean.[citation needed]

Some smaller airlines, including Eastern Airways in the UK, have subsequently acquired 2000s at low cost and operated them on regional routes which experience lower passenger numbers as well on shuttle services in the U.K. for oil and gas personnel working in the North Sea.[citation needed]

In June 2006, Pakistan completed the purchase of six Saab 2000 turboprop aircraft to be equipped with the Saab-Ericsson ERIEYE Airborne Early Warning system. Revised in May 2007 due to renegotiation with the Government of Pakistan, only five aircraft will be delivered, four of which will be equipped with the Erieye system. On 3 April 2008, the first Saab 2000 Erieye AEW&C was rolled out and presented to Pakistan Air Force officials during a ceremony in Sweden.[14]

By 2022 Freight Runners Express / ACE headquartered in Milwaukee, WI become the largest civilian operator of the 2000.[citation needed]

Saab 2000 aircraft was deployed for the seasonal service of year 2023 between Gothenburg and Lyon[15][16] in Europe.

Variants

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Operators

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NyxAir Saab 2000
Pakistan Air Force Saab 2000
Saab Swordfish MPA
A former Polet Airlines Saab 2000
A former OLT Saab 2000

Current operators

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As of March 2024, a total of 36 Saab 2000s remained active in civilian and military service:[4]

Former operators

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The following airlines formerly operated Saab 2000 aircraft in scheduled passenger service in the past:[18]

Specifications

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Data from Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000[7] unless otherwise specified.

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Capacity: 50–58 passengers / 5,900 kg (13,007 lb) payload
  • Length: 27.28 m (89 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 24.76 m (81 ft 3 in)
  • Height: 7.73 m (25 ft 4 in) [6]
  • Wing area: 55.7 m2 (600 sq ft)
  • Airfoil: root: NASA/Langley MS(1)-0316; tip: NASA/Langley MS(1)-0312[19]
  • Empty weight: 13,800 kg (30,424 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 22,800 kg (50,265 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce AE 2100P turboprop engines, 3,096 kW (4,152 hp) each
  • Propellers: 6-bladed Dowty Propellers constant-speed composite fully feathering and reversible-pitch propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 685 km/h (426 mph, 370 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 665 km/h (413 mph, 359 kn)
  • Range: 2,869 km (1,783 mi, 1,549 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 9,450 m (31,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 11.4 m/s (2,240 ft/min)
  • Field length: 1,200 m [3][Note 1]

Avionics

  • Rockwell Collins Pro Line 4 avionics suite with integrated avionics processor (IAP)

Accidents and incidents

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As of February 2024, there was 4 hull-loss accidents involving Saab 2000 series aircraft, and among those accidents one of them involving 1 fatality.[21]

Accidents with fatalities

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  • On 17 October 2019, PenAir Flight 3296 had a runway overrun while landing at Unalaska Airport in Alaska with 42 occupants on board; 1 person died and 9 were injured. The probable cause was the incorrect wiring of the wheel speed transducer harnesses on the left main landing gear during overhaul, causing the antiskid system to malfunction. Contributing factors were Saab's failing to consider and protect against human error during maintenance, in its design of the harness; the FAA's lack of consideration of the RSA size, allowing the Saab 2000 to operate at the airport; and the flight crew's willingness to land with a tailwind exceeding the airplane's limit due to their plan continuation bias, aggravated by PenAir's failure to apply its qualification policy which allowed the pilot to operate at a challenging airport with limited experience at the airport and in the craft.[22]

Hull losses

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  • On 8 October 1999, the Saab 2000 aircraft, registered as SE-LSF and named "Eir Viking", was being taxied by two technicians while then crashed into closed hangar doors at Arlanda airport in Sweden.[23] The plane was damaged beyond repair.
  • On 10 July 2002, Swiss International Air Lines Flight 850, operated with a Saab 2000, was forced to make an emergency landing at Werneuchen Airfield, Germany, as a result of severe weather. One of the sixteen passengers on board suffered minor injuries. The aircraft, registered as HB-IZY, was damaged beyond economic repair when it hit an earth bank placed across the runway, the markings of which did not conform to standards.[24]

Other incidents

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Main article: Loganair Flight 6780
  • On 15 December 2014, Loganair Flight 6780 was struck by lightning while approaching Sumburgh Airport. When the commander made nose-up pitch inputs the aircraft did not respond as he expected. After reaching 4,000 ft the aircraft pitched to a minimum of 19° nose down and exceeded the applicable maximum operating speed by 80 kt, with a peak descent rate of 9,500 ft/min.[25] The flight subsequently suffered from control difficulties and nosedived from 4000 feet to 1000 feet after the crew tried taking over the controls, but failed to notice that the autopilot was still engaged. The pilots then declared a mayday and returned to Aberdeen Airport. There were 33 occupants onboard and no injuries were reported. The subsequent investigation discovered that the planes' autopilot could not be overridden by pilot input, making it unique among all other aircraft in service.[26][27] AAIB reported safety actions to be taken regarding the autopilot operation;[28] putting "Notice to Aircrew (NOTAC 123/14)" in place;[29] and revision to Autopilot Standard Operating Procedures.[30] This incident is featured in the first episode, titled "North Sea Nightmare", of Season 21 of Mayday. [31]

See also

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Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

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  1. ^ The figure is obtained from the manufacturer's website as included in form of in-line citation. Other websites offer slightly different figure, for example 1,221m "take-off distance" ( https://www.paramountbusinessjets.com/private-jet-charter/aircraft/saab-2000), or a take-off field length of 1,300m ( https://www.airlines-inform.com/commercial-aircraft/saab-2000.html).

References

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  1. ^ "Delivery of first Saab 2000 to Crossair marks manufacturer milestone". Commuter Regional Airline News. Vol. 12, no. 35. 5 September 1994. p. 2. ISSN 1040-5402. Gale A15790640.
  2. ^ "World Airliner Census". Flight International, Volume 184, Number 5403, 13–19 August 2013, pp. 40–58.
  3. ^ a b c "Saab 2000". (Manufacturer's website). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  4. ^ a b "planespotters.net".
  5. ^ a b c d Wheeler, Barry. "SAAB 2000: An exercise in growth and commonality" Air International, Volume 44, Number 2, February 1993. pp. 65–70. ISSN 0306-5634
  6. ^ a b Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1. pp. 351-356.
  7. ^ a b c Taylor, Michael J. H. Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London: Brassey's, 1999. ISBN 1-85753-245-7. pp 231–232.
  8. ^ Moxon, Julian. "Crossair is pleased with Saab 2000 in service". Flight International, Volume 146, Number 4443, 19–25 October 1994, p. 10. ISSN 0015-3710
  9. ^ "TYPE-CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET no. EASA.A.069 for SAAB 2000". Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  10. ^ Leyes, Richard A., II; Fleming, William A. (1999). The history of North American small gas turbine aircraft engines. Reston, VA: National Air and Space Museum and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). p. 589. ISBN 1-56347-332-1. OCLC 247550535.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ George, Fred (March 1992). "Saab 2000: Fastest turboprop regional rolls out". Flying. Vol. 119, no. 3. p. 56. ISSN 0015-4806.
  12. ^ Leth, Siv; Samuelsson, Fredrik; Meijer, Staffan (2–4 June 1998). Propeller noise generation and its reduction on the Saab 2000 high-speed turboprop. AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (4th ed.). pp. 457+. doi:10.2514/6.1998-2283.
  13. ^ "Commercial Aircraft Directory - Saab 2000". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013.
  14. ^ Update, Defense. "Saab Debut '2000 Special Mission Aircraft at Farnborough". Archived from the original on 23 February 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  15. ^ "BRA to launch seasonal service between Gothenburg and Lyon". 31 October 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  16. ^ "Braathens absorbs Gothenburg-Lyon". 1 November 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  17. ^ www.flightglobal.com // FARNBOROUGH: Saab 2000 offered as Swordfish MPA 10 July 2012
  18. ^ http://www.airliners.net, photos of Saab 2000 aircraft
  19. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  20. ^ "Saab 2000". Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  21. ^ "Saab 2000 Statistics (According to Aviation Safety Network)". Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  22. ^ "Runway Overrun, PenAir flight 3296". National Transportation Safety Board. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  23. ^ "1999 SAS Saab 2000 incident".
  24. ^ "Report: Crossair SB20 at Werneuchen on Jul 10th 2002, landed before runway and impacted earth wall". Avherald.com. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  25. ^ Department for Transport Air Accidents Investigation Branch (2016). Aircraft Accident Report 2/2016 Report on the serious incident to Saab 2000, G-LGNO (PDF). United Kingdom: Crown. p. 1.
  26. ^ "Serious incident Saab 2000 G-LGNO, 15 Dec 2014". AviationSafetyNetwork. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  27. ^ "Aircraft Accident Report 2/2016" (PDF). AAIB. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  28. ^ Department for Transport Air Accidents Investigation Branch (2016). Aircraft Accident Report 2/2016 Report on the serious incident to Saab 2000, G-LGNO (PDF). United Kingdom: Crown. p. 54.
  29. ^ Department for Transport Air Accidents Investigation Branch (2016). Aircraft Accident Report 2/2016 Report on the serious incident to Saab 2000, G-LGNO (PDF). United Kingdom: Crown. p. 55.
  30. ^ Department for Transport Air Accidents Investigation Branch (2016). Aircraft Accident Report 2/2016 Report on the serious incident to Saab 2000, G-LGNO (PDF). United Kingdom: Crown. p. 56.
  31. ^ "North Sea Nightmare". Mayday. Season 21. Episode 1. National Geographic Channel.

Further reading

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  • Bénichou, Michel (May 2019). "Saab 2000: comment rater une élection" [Saab 2000: How to Miss an Election]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (594): 58–66. ISSN 0757-4169.
  • Magnusson, Michael. Saab 340 & Saab 2000 – The Untold Story. Stockholm, Sweden: Aviatic Förlag, 2014. ISBN 978-9186642-051
  • Julian Moxon; Allan Winn; Simon Elliott; Douglas Barrie (11 December 1991). "More than a stretch - SAAB 2000 described". Flight International.
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Media related to Saab 2000 at Wikimedia Commons

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