Formin-2
Formin-2 (FMN2) is an actin binding structural protein and has a localized expression pattern in the developing and adult forms of the central nervous system (CNS).[5] FMN2 plays an important role in the nucleation and assembly of actin filaments. In humans, this gene is located on Chromosome 1.[6]
FMN2 plays a role in the ability of neurons to migrate and innervate target tissues.[7] FMN2 is present in the filopodial tips of neuronal growth cones and influences its pathfinding ability. In chicks FMN2 plays a role in migration of spinal commissural neurons.[8] FMN2 is reported to act like a clutch molecule generating traction to join the actin cytoskeleton to the growth cone.[9]
Biallelic mutations in this gene have been associated with Nonsyndromic Autosomal Recessive Intellectual Disability.[10]
FMN2 double knockout mice are seen to be normal in gross and microscopic morphology of the brain but show decreased fertility, improper positioning of the metaphase spindle and problems in the polar body formation during oogenesis.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000155816 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028354 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "FMN2 - Formin-2 - Homo sapiens (Human) - FMN2 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
- ^ "HostDB". hostdb.org. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
- ^ Peng KW, Liou YM (April 2012). "Differential role of actin-binding proteins in controlling the adipogenic differentiation of human CD105-positive Wharton's Jelly cells". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1820 (4): 469–481. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.01.014. PMID 22330775.
- ^ Sahasrabudhe A, Ghate K, Mutalik S, Jacob A, Ghose A (February 2016). "Formin 2 regulates the stabilization of filopodial tip adhesions in growth cones and affects neuronal outgrowth and pathfinding in vivo". Development. 143 (3): 449–460. doi:10.1242/dev.130104. PMID 26718007. S2CID 103636.
- ^ Ghate K, Mutalik SP, Sthanam LK, Sen S, Ghose A (November 2020). "Fmn2 Regulates Growth Cone Motility by Mediating a Molecular Clutch to Generate Traction Forces". Neuroscience. 448: 160–171. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.046. PMID 33002558. S2CID 221982536.
- ^ a b Law R, Dixon-Salazar T, Jerber J, Cai N, Abbasi AA, Zaki MS, et al. (December 2014). "Biallelic truncating mutations in FMN2, encoding the actin-regulatory protein Formin 2, cause nonsyndromic autosomal-recessive intellectual disability". American Journal of Human Genetics. 95 (6): 721–728. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.016. PMC 4259997. PMID 25480035.