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Greek and Coptic

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For a list of all Greek characters encoded in Unicode, see Greek script in Unicode.
See also: Coptic (Unicode block) and Coptic Epact Numbers (Unicode block)
Greek and Coptic
RangeU+0370..U+03FF
(144 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsGreek (117 char.)
Coptic (14 char.)
Common (4 char.)
Major alphabetsGreek
Assigned135 code points
Unused9 reserved code points
Source standardsISO 8859-7
Unicode version history
1.0.0 (1991)112 (+112)
1.0.1 (1992)103 (-9)
1.1 (1993)105 (+2)
3.0 (1999)110 (+5)
3.1 (2001)112 (+2)
3.2 (2002)115 (+3)
4.0 (2003)120 (+5)
4.1 (2005)124 (+4)
5.0 (2006)127 (+3)
5.1 (2008)134 (+7)
7.0 (2014)135 (+1)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1][2][3]
Greek and Coptic Unicode Character Block (UCB)

Greek and Coptic is the Unicode block for representing modern (monotonic) Greek. It was originally also used for writing Coptic,[1] using the similar Greek letters in addition to the uniquely Coptic additions. Beginning with version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard, a separate Coptic block has been included in Unicode, allowing for mixed Greek/Coptic text that is stylistically contrastive, as is convention in scholarly works. Writing polytonic Greek requires the use of combining characters or the precomposed vowel + tone characters in the Greek Extended character block.

Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was simply Greek, although Coptic letters were already included.[4]

Block[edit]

Points were reserved for the uppercase forms of ΐ, ΰ and ς. While letter-diacritic combinations such as ΐ and ΰ are no longer accepted by Unicode, a capital ς remains a theoretical possibility. There is in addition room for three additional casing pairs, or for capital forms of letters such as lunate ϵ and ϶.

Greek and Coptic[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+037x Ͱ ͱ Ͳ ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͺ ͻ ͼ ͽ ; Ϳ
U+038x ΄ ΅ Ά · Έ Ή Ί Ό Ύ Ώ
U+039x ΐ Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο
U+03Ax Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ϊ Ϋ ά έ ή ί
U+03Bx ΰ α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο
U+03Cx π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ϊ ϋ ό ύ ώ Ϗ
U+03Dx ϐ ϑ ϒ ϓ ϔ ϕ ϖ ϗ Ϙ ϙ Ϛ ϛ Ϝ ϝ Ϟ ϟ
U+03Ex Ϡ ϡ Ϣ ϣ Ϥ ϥ Ϧ ϧ Ϩ ϩ Ϫ ϫ Ϭ ϭ Ϯ ϯ
U+03Fx ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ ϶ Ϸ ϸ Ϲ Ϻ ϻ ϼ Ͻ Ͼ Ͽ
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

History[edit]

In Unicode 1.0.1, a number of changes were made to this block in order to make Unicode 1.0.1 a proper subset of ISO 10646.[1][2][3]

  • The small stigma, digamma, koppa and sampi were withdrawn for further study. These characters were added back in for Unicode 3.0.0.
  • The non-spacing dasia pneumata, psili pneumata and tonos were merged with non-spacing reversed comma above, comma above and vertical line above in the Combining Diacritical Marks block. The last was replaced by the spacing tonos, while in Unicode 5.1.0 the former two were replaced by the small heta and the capital archaic sampi.
  • The non-spacing iota below and diaeresis tonos were renamed and moved to the Combining Diacritical Marks block. The latter was replaced by the spacing diaeresis tonos, while the former was replaced by the capital heta in Unicode 5.1.0.
  • The Greek question mark, the upper and lower numeral signs and the aforementioned spacing tonos and diaeresis tonos, as well as the spacing iota below were moved to new positions within the block. They were replaced by the kai, or Greek &, (in Unicode 3.0.0), the capital and small archaic koppa (3.2.0), the yot (1.1.0), an alternative capital theta and the lunate epsilon (both 3.1.0) respectively.


The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Greek and Coptic block:

Version Final code points[a] Count UTC ID L2 ID WG2 ID Document
1.0.0 U+0374..0375, 037A, 037E, 0384..0386, 0388..038A, 038C, 038E..03A1, 03A3..03CE, 03D0..03D6, 03DA, 03DC, 03DE, 03E0, 03E2..03F0 101 (to be determined)
L2/06-386 Davis, Mark (2006-11-09), Properties not preserving canonical equivalence
L2/07-015 Moore, Lisa (2007-02-08), "UCD Canonical Check (B.14.9) [U+0374]", UTC #110 Minutes
L2/07-071 Davis, Mark (2007-02-08), UCD Canonical Check
U+03F1 1 UTC/1991-048B Whistler, Ken (1991-03-27), "Alternate Rho", Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple
U+03F2 1 UTC/1991-048B Whistler, Ken (1991-03-27), "Lunate Sigma", Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple
1.1 U+0387, 03F3 2 (to be determined)
L2/06-386 Davis, Mark (2006-11-09), Properties not preserving canonical equivalence
L2/07-015 Moore, Lisa (2007-02-08), "UCD Canonical Check (B.14.9) [U+0387]", UTC #110 Minutes
L2/07-071 Davis, Mark (2007-02-08), UCD Canonical Check
3.0 U+03D7, 03DB, 03DD, 03DF, 03E1 5 L2/98-210 N1743 Everson, Michael (1998-05-25), Additional Greek characters for the UCS
L2/98-281R (pdf, html) Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "Greek characters (IV.C.2)", Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998
L2/98-292R (pdf, html, Figure 1) "2.2", Comments on proposals to add characters from ISO standards developed by ISO/TC 46/SC 4, 1998-08-19
L2/98-292 N1840 "2.2", Comments on proposals to add characters from ISO standards developed by ISO/TC 46/SC 4, 1998-08-25
L2/98-293 N1885 "2.3", Comments on proposals to add various characters to ISO/IEC 10646, 1998-08-25
L2/98-301 N1847 Everson, Michael (1998-09-12), Responses to NCITS/L2 and Unicode Consortium comments on numerous proposals
L2/98-372 N1884R2 (pdf, doc) Whistler, Ken; et al. (1998-09-22), Additional Characters for the UCS
L2/98-329 N1920 Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters, 1998-10-28
L2/99-010 N1903 (pdf, html, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "8.1.5.1", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25
3.1 U+03F4..03F5 2 L2/00-119[b] N2191R Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode
L2/00-234 N2203 (rtf, txt) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-07-21), "8.18", Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24
L2/00-115R2 Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M11", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
3.2 U+03D8..03D9, 03F6 3 L2/99-018 N1938 Everson, Michael (1998-12-12), On GREEK LETTER KOPPA
L2/99-077.1 N1975 Irish Comments on SC 2 N 3210, 1999-01-20
L2/99-054R Aliprand, Joan (1999-06-21), "Greek Letter Koppa", Approved Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Palo Alto, February 3-5, 1999
L2/00-119[b] N2191R Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode
L2/00-234 N2203 (rtf, txt) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-07-21), "8.18", Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24
L2/00-115R2 Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M11", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
L2/01-050 N2253 Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2001-01-21), "RESOLUTION M39.24", Minutes of the SC2/WG2 meeting in Athens, September 2000
4.0 U+03F7..03F8 2 L2/01-007 Bunz, Carl-Martin (2000-12-21), "Bactrian", Iranianist Meeting Report: Symposium on Encoding Iranian Scripts in Unicode
L2/02-009 Bunz, Carl-Martin (2001-11-23), "Bactrian", 2nd Iranian Meeting Report
L2/02-056 N2411 Everson, Michael (2002-01-30), Proposal to add two Greek letters for Bactrian to the UCS
L2/02-166R2 Moore, Lisa (2002-08-09), "Scripts and New Characters - Bactrian", UTC #91 Minutes, The UTC accepts two Greek characters for use in Bactrian
U+03F9 1 L2/02-314R[c] N2512 Pantelia, Maria (2002-08-21), Proposal to add the Greek Capital Lunate Sigma Symbol to the UCS
U+03FA..03FB 2 L2/02-313R2[c] N2522 Pantelia, Maria (2002-11-07), Proposal to encode the Archaic Greek Letter San and Greek Small Letter San in the UCS
L2/04-034 March, Jeremy; Kirk, Peter; Rourke, Patrick; Anderson, Deborah (2004-01-23), Request to Change Greek Collation Order for SAN
4.1 U+03FC 1 L2/03-157 Pantelia, Maria (2003-05-19), Additional Beta Code Characters not in Unicode (WIP)
L2/03-188R N2612-5 Pantelia, Maria (2003-06-11), Proposal to encode the Greek Rho with Stroke Symbol in the UCS
U+03FD..03FF 3 L2/02-031 Anderson, Deborah (2002-01-21), TLG Miscellanea Proposal
L2/02-033 Anderson, Deborah (2002-01-21), TLG Unicode Proposal (draft)
L2/02-053 Anderson, Deborah (2002-02-04), Description of TLG Documents
L2/02-273 Pantelia, Maria (2002-07-31), TLG Unicode Proposal
L2/02-287 Pantelia, Maria (2002-08-09), Proposal Summary Form accompanying TLG Unicode Proposal (L2/02-273)
L2/02-312R Pantelia, Maria (2002-11-07), Proposal to encode additional Greek editorial and punctuation characters in the UCS
L2/03-324 N2642 Pantelia, Maria (2003-10-06), Proposal to encode additional Greek editorial and punctuation characters in the UCS
5.0 U+037B..037D 3 L2/05-076 Davis, Mark (2005-02-10), Stability of Case Folding
N2942 Freytag, Asmus; Whistler, Ken (2005-08-12), Proposal to add nine lowercase characters
L2/05-108R Moore, Lisa (2005-08-26), "Stability of Case Folding (B.14.2)", UTC #103 Minutes
N2953 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "M47.5c, M47.5d, M47.5e", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15
5.1 U+0370..0373, 0376..0377 6 L2/04-388 Nicholas, Nick (2004-11-10), Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta to the UCS
L2/04-389 Nicholas, Nick (2004-11-10), Epigraphical Greek Letters: Request for preliminary opinion
L2/05-002 Nicholas, Nick (2005-01-01), Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta (Updated fonts 2005-04-28)
L2/05-003R N2946 Nicholas, Nick (2005-01-01), Proposal to add Greek epigraphical letters
L2/05-054 Anderson, Deborah (2005-01-31), Feedback on Proposals for Tack Hetas and Greek Epigraphical Letters (L2/05-002, L2/05-003)
L2/05-098 Nicholas, Nick (2005-04-03), Proposal to add Greek epigraphical characters to the UCS
L2/05-108R Moore, Lisa (2005-08-26), "Greek Epigraphical Letters (C.10)", UTC #103 Minutes
N2953 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "7.4.3", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15
N3153 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.1c [U+0373]", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29
U+03CF 1 L2/06-266 N3122 Everson, Michael (2006-08-06), Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS
L2/06-231 Moore, Lisa (2006-08-17), "C.16", UTC #108 Minutes
N3153 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.3", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29
7.0 U+037F 1 L2/10-474 N3997 Bobeck, Michael (2010-12-12), Proposal to encode GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT
L2/11-016 Moore, Lisa (2011-02-15), "C.9", UTC #126 / L2 #223 Minutes
N4103 "11.2.8 Greek Capital Letter YOT", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 58, 2012-01-03
  1. ^ Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Refer to the history section of the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block for additional math-related documents
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b See also L2/02-031, L2/02-053, L2/02-273, and L2/02-287

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Unicode 1.0.1 Addendum" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. 1992-11-03. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  4. ^ "3.8: Block-by-Block Charts" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. version 1.0. Unicode Consortium.
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