Shemya
Shemya or Simiya (Aleut: Samiyax̂[1]) is a small island in the Semichi Islands group of the Near Islands chain in the Aleutian Islands archipelago southwest of Alaska, at 52°43′27″N 174°07′08″E / 52.72417°N 174.11889°E. It has a land area of 5.903 sq mi (15.29 km2), and is about 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. It is 2.73 miles (4.39 km) wide and 4.32 miles (6.95 km) long.
History
[edit]
The Russian vessel Saint Peter and Paul wrecked at Shemya in 1762. Most of the crew survived.
A United States Air Force radar, surveillance, and weather station and aircraft refueling station, including a 10,000-foot-long (3,000 m) runway, opened on Shemya in 1943 and is still in operation. The station, originally Shemya Air Force Base or Shemya Station, had 1,500 workers at its peak in the 1960s. In 1956, Northwest Airlines leased Shemya Island from the U.S. government to use as a refueling station on their North Pacific route. According to Northwest's website, that made them "the first airline to operate its own airport."[2] Northwest was operating Lockheed Constellation L-1049G model propliners on its "Orient Express" service between the U.S. and Asia in 1956.[3]
The United States Air Force airborne intelligence platforms "Cobra Ball", "Rivet Amber," and "Rivet Ball" flew intercontinental ballistic missile tracking flights from this island near the Soviet Union, especially the Kamchatka Peninsula, during the height of the Cold War. Observations from Shemya were normally the first radar reports of new Soviet satellite launches from Tyuratam (Baikonur) in the early days of satellite tracking; see Project Space Track.
The station was renamed the Eareckson Air Station in 1993 to honor USAF Colonel William O. Eareckson, who had commanded bomber operations during the Aleutian Campaign of World War II.
The station still operates as a radar station and aircraft refueling station with a staff of about 180 people. The 2000 census reported an official resident population of 27 persons on the island.
One of the most recognizable features of the island is the COBRA DANE radar system. This radar was built in 1976 and brought on-line in 1977 for the primary mission of intelligence gathering in support of verification of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) II agreement.
Shemya was an important outpost during the Cold War. As part of Project Bluegrass, the White Alice Communications System provided a vital tropospheric scatter communications link to the mainland during the early-1960s to late-1970s. Its two 120-foot (37 m) parabolic reflectors and 50 kW transmitter output bridged the nearly 400 miles (640 km) gap to Adak, Alaska.
List of commercial flights diverted to Shemya
[edit]- China Eastern Airlines Flight 583 made an emergency landing at the island's airbase at April 6, 1993.
- American Airlines Flight 175, a Boeing 777-200ER, from Dallas Fort Worth, Texas (DFW/KDFW) to Tokyo Narita, Japan (NRT/RJAA) made an emergency landing due to indication of cargo fire on July 11, 2010.[4]
- Cathay Pacific Flight 884 from Hong Kong to Los Angeles made an emergency landing at the island's airbase due to smoke detection on July 29, 2015.
- Delta Air Lines Flight 128 made an emergency landing on the island's airbase on December 24, 2018, when the Boeing 767-300ER developed engine problems.[5]
- Polar Air Cargo Flight 717 made an emergency landing at the island's airport on March 13, 2020.[6]
Former airline service
[edit]Reeve Aleutian Airways (RAA) operated scheduled passenger service into Shemya for many years. During the 1970s and 1980s, Reeve operated nonstop flights to Anchorage (ANC) with Lockheed L-188 Electra turboprop aircraft.[7] By 1989, the airline was operating nonstop jet service to Anchorage with Boeing 727-100 combi aircraft which were capable of transporting passengers and freight on the main deck of the aircraft.[8] Reeve's 727 service from Anchorage continued during the 1990s as did 727 flights from Adak Island, AK and Cold Bay, AK.[9] Reeve Aleutian ceased all flight operations in 2000.
Climate
[edit]The weather on Shemya is very drastic, though the temperatures only vary between single digits to the mid fifties, and the climate is perhaps the most equatorward low-altitude occurrence of a polar climate (ET) in the world, though it is extremely close to a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) (or a subarctic climate if the 0 degree Celsius isotherm is used). The island weather is most likely to be cloudy with a mist and the wind ranges from 30 to 40 miles per hour (48 to 64 km/h). The Japanese current in the Pacific to the south of the island regulates the temperature and gives it the pronounced temperature lag (August and September are the warmest months and the island's record low occurred in April). Despite it being a tundra climate, it is spared the vicious cold of places like Utqiagvik, Alaska where temperatures in winter can rival those of interior Alaska in winter.
| Climate data for Shemya (1961–1990 normals, extremes 1943–1995) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 44 (7) |
44 (7) |
43 (6) |
47 (8) |
48 (9) |
57 (14) |
64 (18) |
63 (17) |
59 (15) |
54 (12) |
48 (9) |
48 (9) |
64 (18) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 38.5 (3.6) |
38.3 (3.5) |
39.1 (3.9) |
41.3 (5.2) |
45.4 (7.4) |
49.6 (9.8) |
55.1 (12.8) |
56.6 (13.7) |
54.5 (12.5) |
50.3 (10.2) |
45.3 (7.4) |
41.1 (5.1) |
57.7 (14.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 33.7 (0.9) |
33.1 (0.6) |
34.7 (1.5) |
37.7 (3.2) |
41.2 (5.1) |
44.6 (7.0) |
48.9 (9.4) |
51.6 (10.9) |
50.7 (10.4) |
45.4 (7.4) |
39.2 (4.0) |
35.6 (2.0) |
41.4 (5.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 31.0 (−0.6) |
30.5 (−0.8) |
31.9 (−0.1) |
35.0 (1.7) |
38.6 (3.7) |
42.2 (5.7) |
46.6 (8.1) |
49.2 (9.6) |
47.8 (8.8) |
42.2 (5.7) |
36.0 (2.2) |
32.8 (0.4) |
38.7 (3.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 28.2 (−2.1) |
27.8 (−2.3) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
32.2 (0.1) |
35.9 (2.2) |
39.8 (4.3) |
44.2 (6.8) |
46.8 (8.2) |
44.9 (7.2) |
39.0 (3.9) |
32.8 (0.4) |
29.9 (−1.2) |
35.9 (2.2) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 18.2 (−7.7) |
18.1 (−7.7) |
20.5 (−6.4) |
25.3 (−3.7) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
35.9 (2.2) |
40.7 (4.8) |
43.0 (6.1) |
37.8 (3.2) |
31.8 (−0.1) |
24.9 (−3.9) |
20.5 (−6.4) |
15.6 (−9.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 9 (−13) |
7 (−14) |
11 (−12) |
18 (−8) |
24 (−4) |
29 (−2) |
36 (2) |
38 (3) |
33 (1) |
26 (−3) |
15 (−9) |
7 (−14) |
7 (−14) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.49 (63) |
1.96 (50) |
1.90 (48) |
1.82 (46) |
1.65 (42) |
1.87 (47) |
2.69 (68) |
4.11 (104) |
2.93 (74) |
3.83 (97) |
4.04 (103) |
2.95 (75) |
32.24 (819) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 15.6 (40) |
13.7 (35) |
11.0 (28) |
5.2 (13) |
1.4 (3.6) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.1 (2.8) |
8.2 (21) |
14.5 (37) |
70.7 (180) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 22.5 | 20.1 | 20.5 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 14.3 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 18.3 | 22.2 | 24.1 | 23.4 | 230.7 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 18.8 | 17.4 | 16.3 | 9.1 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 11.8 | 16.9 | 94.0 |
| Source 1: WRCC: Period of Record General Climate Summary Table[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: XMACIS (snowfall)[11] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ Bergsland, K. (1994). Aleut Dictionary. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.
- ^ "Northwest Historical Timeline". About NWA. Archived from the original on 2009-03-14.
- ^ "System timetable". Northwest Airlines. Oct 28, 1956. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
- ^ "Featured Maps: American Airlines 777 Diversion to Shemya (13 July 2010) - Great Circle Mapper". www.gcmap.com. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
- ^ "Delta flight from Beijing to Seattle lands on Alaskan island due to 'potential engine issue'". Seattle Times. Dec 24, 2018. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
- ^ "Polar Air Cargo flight PO717". Flightradar24. Archived from the original on 2020-03-14. Retrieved 2020-03-13.
- ^ "Anchorage flight schedules". Official Airline Guide (OAG). April 15, 1975. Archived from the original on May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
- ^ "Anchorage flight schedules". Official Airline Guide (OAG). Dec 15, 1989. Archived from the original on May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
- ^ "Anchorage flight schedules". Official Airline Guide (OAG). Apr 2, 1995. Archived from the original on May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
- ^ "Shemya USAF Base, Alaska (508419)". Western Regional Climate Center. Oct 31, 2012. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
- ^ XMACIS
- Shemya Island: Block 1147, Census Tract 1, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska United States Census Bureau
External links
[edit]
- Web site about Shemya
- Briefing about Shemya Global Security
- "A Tale of Two Airplanes" by Kingdon R. "King" Hawes, Lt Col, USAF (Ret.)
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