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Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɮ⟩ in IPA
The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages . The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental , alveolar , and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ⟨ɮ ⟩ (sometimes referred to as lezh ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K\.
Features of the voiced alveolar lateral fricative:
Its manner of articulation is fricative , which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence .
Its place of articulation is alveolar , which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge , termed respectively apical laminal
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant , which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a lateral consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic , which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles , as in most sounds. Dental or denti-alveolar [ edit ]
Language
Word
IPA
Meaning
Notes
Amis
Kangko accent
Interdental [ɮ̪͆]
In addition, a pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮˤ] ⓘ Classical Arabic pronunciation of Ḍād Modern Standard Arabic as a pharyngealized voiced coronal stop , as alveolar [dˤ ] or denti-alveolar [d̪ˤ ] .
Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative
Voiceless dental lateral–median fricative
The voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative (also known as a "lisp" fricative) is a consonantal sound. Consonants is pronounced with simultaneous lateral and central airflow.
Its manner of articulation is fricative , which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence . However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant.
Its place of articulation is alveolar , which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge , termed respectively apical laminal
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant , which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a central consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
It is a lateral consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic , which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles , as in most sounds. There are several Unicode characters based on lezh (ɮ):
U+1079E 𐞞 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH is a superscript IPA letter [9] U+1079F 𐞟 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is a superscript IPA letter[9] U+1DF05 𝼅 LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is an extension to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA)[9] [10] Former IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative In 1938, a symbol shaped similarly to heng ⟨ꜧ ⟩ was approved as the official IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative, replacing ⟨ɮ ⟩. It was suggested at the same time, however, that a compromise shaped like something between the two may also be used at the author's discretion. It was this compromise version that was included in the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association and the subsequent IPA charts, until it was replaced again by ⟨ɮ ⟩ at the 1989 Kiel Convention .[11] ɮ ⟩ is nonetheless seen in literature from the 1960s to the 1980s.[12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
^ Heselwood (2013) Phonetic transcription in theory and practice , p 122–123
^ Janet Watson (January 2011). "Lateral fricatives and lateral emphatics in southern Saudi Arabia and Mehri" . academia.edu . ^ Watson, Janet (January 2013). "Lateral reflexes of Proto-Semitic D and Dh in Al-Rubu'ah dialect, south-west Saudi Arabic: Electropalatographic and acoustic evidence" . Nicht Nur mit Engelszungen: Beiträge zur Semitischen Dialektologie: Festschrift für Werner Arnold . ^ Janet Watson (January 2011). "Lateral fricatives and lateral emphatics in southern Saudi Arabia and Mehri" . academia.edu . ^ a b c Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF) . ^ Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF) . ^ Wells, John (3 November 2006). "The symbol ɮ " . John Wells’s phonetic blog . Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London. Retrieved 1 February 2018 .^ Newman, Paul (1964). "A word list of Tera" . Journal of West African Languages . 1 (2): 33–50.^ Catford, J. C. ; Ladefoged, Peter (1968). Working Papers in Phonetics 11: Practical Phonetic Exercises ^ Brosnahan, L. F.; Malmberg, Bertil (1970). Introduction to Phonetics . Cambridge University Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-521-21100-X ^ Ladefoged, Peter (1971). Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics 54 . ISBN 0-226-46787-2 ^ MacKay, Ian (1987). Phonetics: The Science of Speech Production 106 . ISBN 0-316-54238-5
Friesen, Isaac (2017), A grammar of Moloko (1st ed.), Language Science PressGrønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk ISBN 87-500-3865-6 Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), BlackwellPoulos, George ; Msimang, Christian T. (1998), A Linguistic Analysis of Zulu (1st ed.), Via AfrikaTench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association , 37 (1): 228–234, doi :10.1017/s0025100307002952
IPA topics
IPA Special topics Encodings
