Michael Hainisch

Michael Hainisch
President of Austria
In office 9 December 1920 – 10 December 1928
Chancellor	Michael Mayr Johann Schober Walter Breisky Ignaz Seipel Rudolf Ramek
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Wilhelm Miklas
Minister of Commerce and Transport
In office 26 September 1929 – 17 June 1930
Chancellor	Johannes Schober
Preceded by	Hans Schürff
Succeeded by	Friedrich Schuster
Personal details
Born	(1858-08-15)15 August 1858 Aue bei Schottwien, Lower Austria, Austrian Empire
Died	26 February 1940(1940-02-26) (aged 81) Vienna, Nazi Germany
Political party	Independent
Other political affiliations	Social Political Party
Alma mater	Leipzig University University of Vienna

Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch (German: [ˈhaɪnɪʃ] ; 15 August 1858 – 26 February 1940) was an Austrian politician who served as the first President of Austria from 1920 to 1928, after the fall of the monarchy at the end of World War I.

Origins

Hainisch was born and named after his father who was a factory owner. His mother Marianne Hainisch was a leader in the suffrage movement.

He started out as a lawyer and an official of the Treasury and of the Education Department, but then retired to his estates in Lower Austria and Styria, where he carried on model farming, became a leader of the Austrian branch of the Fabian movement, and one of the founders of the Central People's Library. In later years he moved away from radical socialism to become a conservative agrarian.

Presidency

Bronze medal of Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria, 1920 (ND). Artist Grete Hartmann, née Chrobak, 1869–1946

Hainisch held aloof from political parties. He was chosen president because of his personal authority, although he was not a member of the parliament. He was an independent candidate. He was elected and assumed office in 1920, and stayed for two periods until 1928. He was married to Emilia Figdor, the descendant of a prominent Viennese assimilated Jewish family. Emilia's father, Gustav, was a town councillor of the city of Vienna.

As a president, he worked hard to improve the dire situation Austria found itself after the war. He did a lot to develop the agricultural sector, encouraged the electrification of the railway, tried to develop more tourism especially in the Alps. Trade with neighbouring countries such as Germany was encouraged. He also became a protector of local traditions and culture and initiated the creation of the law of protected monuments.

He became also an honorary member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences).

In 1928, main parties proposed to amend the constitution in order to reelect Hainisch for a third term. Federal Chancellor Ignaz Seipel proposed a one-year term for Hainisch, but Hainisch declined a third term. He subsequently served as Commerce Minister from 1929 to 1930.

Controversially, he supported Pan-German ideas and later supported the Anschluss of Austria to Nazi-Germany in 1938, as did many of his compatriots. He died in February 1940, just nearly two years after the Anschluss and a few months after World War II started.

Works

He was a fertile author of works on sociology and politics:

• Zukunft der Oesterreicher ("The future of the Austrians," 1892)
• Zur Wahlreform ("Towards electoral reform," 1895)
• Kampf ums Dasein und Sozialpolitik ("The fight for existence and social politics," 1899)
• Heimarbeit (1906)
• Fleischnot und Alpine Landwirtschaft

Awards

• Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion, Czechoslovakia (1926)
• Wilhelm Exner Medal, 1926

External links

• Hofburg.at: Michael Hainisch (in German)
• AEIOU: Michael Hainisch (in German)
• Newspaper clippings about Michael Hainisch in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW