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Thoreaceae

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Thoreaceae
Illustration of 3 types of Thorea species from 1808
Scientific classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Archaeplastida
Division: Rhodophyta
Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Nemaliophycidae
Order: Thoreales
Müller, K.M., Sherwood, A.R., Pueschel, C.M., Gutell, R.R. & Sheath, R.G. 2002
Family: Thoreaceae
Hassall, 1845

Thoreales is an order of red algae belonging to the class Florideophyceae.[1] The order consists only one family, Thoreaceae Hassall, 1845.[2][3] The family of Thoreaceae was circumscribed by Arthur Hill Hassall in A history of the British freshwater algae, including descriptions of the Desmideae and Diatomaceae in 1845.[2]

The family was originally placed in the Nemaliales order before being transferred to the newly created Batrachospermales order,[4][5][6] before being placed later in Thoreales order in 2002. After various species of the family were analysed for the sequences of the genes coding for the large subunit of RUBISCO (rbcL) and the small subunit of rRNA (18S rRNA).[1][7]

Description

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The order is characterized by having freshwater species with multi-axial gametophytes, a uni-axial chantransia stage, and pit plugs with two cap layers, the outer one of which is usually plate-like.[1] It has a multi-axial thalli.[8] They have branched uniseriate filaments as long as 200 cm (79 in) long and 0.5 mm in diameter. They have a colourless axis filament with dense photosynthetic lateral branches. They are normally reddish-brown, olive-green, blue-green to nearly black in colour.[9][10]

Distribution

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The family has cosmopolitan distribution.[11] Species from the family are found in tropical and sub-tropical regions or in temperate warm waters. Thorea is found on several continents (including Australia,[9] and South America), but Nemalionopsis has been only found in Asia and North America.[8][12]

Genera

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As accepted by AlgaeBase;[13]

Former genera;Polycoma Pasilot de Bauvois, 1808 and Thorella B. Gaillon, 1883,[13] Both accepted as synonyms of Thorea Bory de Saint-Vincent.[14]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Müller, Kirsten M.; Sherwood, Alison R.; Pueschel, Curt M.; Gutell, Robin R.; Sheath, Robert G. (16 August 2002). "A proposal for a new red algal order, the Thoreales". Journal of Phycology. 38 (4): 807–820. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01055.x.
  2. ^ a b Hassall, A.H. 1845. A history of the British freshwater algae, including descriptions of the Desmideae and Diatomaceae. With upwards of one hundred plates, illustrating the various species. Vol. I. pp. [i]–viii, [i]–462, [i, err.]. London, Edinburgh, Paris & Leipzig: S. Highley, H. Baillière; Sunderland & Knox; J.B. Baillière; T.O. Weigel.
  3. ^ Kamiya, M., Lindstrom, S.C., Nakayama, T., Yokoyama, A., Lin, S.-M., Guiry, M.D., Gurgel, F.D.G., Huisman, J.M., Kitayama, T., Suzuki, M., Cho, T.O. & Frey, W. 2017. Rhodophyta. In: Syllabus of Plant Families, 13th ed. Part 2/2: Photoautotrophic eukaryotic Algae. (Frey, W. Eds), pp. [i]–xii, [1]–171. Stuttgart: Borntraeger Science Publishers. ISBN 978-3-443-01094-2.
  4. ^ Debashish Bhattacharya (Editor) Origins of Algae and their Plastids (2012), p. 126, at Google Books
  5. ^ Pueschel, Curt M.; Cole, Kathleen M. (May–June 1982). "Rhodophycean Pit Plugs: An Ultrastructural Survey with Taxonomic Implications". American Journal of Botany. 69 (5): 703–720.
  6. ^ Pueschel, Curt M.; Sullivan, P. Gary; Titus, John E. (Fall 1995). "OCCURRENCE OF THE RED ALGA THOREA VIOLACEA (BATRACHOSPERMALES: THOREACEAE) IN THE HUDSON RIVER, NEW YORK STATE". Rhodora. 97 (892): 328–338.
  7. ^ Morgan L Vis, Orlando Necchi Jr and Orlando Necchi Júnior Freshwater Red Algae: Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Biogeography (2021), p. 6, at Google Books
  8. ^ a b Necchi Jr, Orlando (January 1997). "Taxonomy and distribution of Thorea (Thoreaceae, Rhodophyta) in Brazil". Algological Studies. 84: 84–90Taxonomy and phylogeny of freshwater red algae{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  9. ^ a b P. M. McCarthy and Lyn Jessup Algae of Australia, Volume 3 (2006), p. 26, at Google Books
  10. ^ "Phycokey - Thorea". cfb.unh.edu. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  11. ^ "Thoreaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  12. ^ Sheath, Robert G.; Vis, Morgan L.; Cole, Kathleen M. (11 Aug 1993). "Distribution and systematics of the freshwater red algal family Thoreaceae in North America". European Journal of Phycology. 28 (4): 231–241. doi:10.1080/09670269300650341.
  13. ^ a b "Taxonomy Browser :: AlgaeBase". www.algaebase.org. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  14. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Thoreaceae". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
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