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R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross

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The Right Honourable
The Viscount Cross
GCB GCSI PC FRS DL
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
In office
29 June 1895 – 12 November 1900
Prime MinisterThe Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded byThe Lord Tweedmouth
Succeeded byThe Marquess of Salisbury
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office
29 June 1895 – 4 July 1895
Prime MinisterThe Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded byThe Lord Tweedmouth
Succeeded byThe Lord James of Hereford
Secretary of State for India
In office
3 August 1886 – 11 August 1892
Prime MinisterThe Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded byThe Earl of Kimberley
Succeeded byThe Earl of Kimberley
Secretary of State for the Home Department
In office
24 June 1885 – 1 February 1886
Prime MinisterThe Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded bySir William Harcourt
Succeeded byHugh Childers
In office
21 February 1874 – 23 April 1880
Prime MinisterBenjamin Disraeli
Preceded byRobert Lowe
Succeeded bySir William Harcourt
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
In office
19 August 1886 – 8 January 1914
Hereditary peerage
Preceded byPeerage created
Succeeded byThe 2nd Viscount Cross
Member of Parliament
for Newton
In office
18 December 1885 – 19 August 1886
Preceded byConstituency created
Succeeded byThomas Legh
Member of Parliament
for South West Lancashire
In office
7 December 1868 – 18 December 1885
Serving with Charles Turner and John Ireland Blackburne
Preceded byConstituency created
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
Member of Parliament
for Preston
In office
24 April 1857 – 4 April 1862
Serving with Charles Grenfell
Preceded bySir George Strickland, 7th Baronet
Succeeded bySir Thomas Fermor-Hesketh
Personal details
Born(1823-05-30)30 May 1823
Red Scar, Lancashire
Died8 January 1914(1914-01-08) (aged 90)
NationalityBritish
Political partyConservative
SpouseGeorgiana Lyon (d. 1907)
Alma materUniversity of Cambridge

Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount Cross, GCB, GCSI, PC, FRS, DL (30 May 1823 – 8 January 1914), known before his elevation to the peerage as R. A. Cross, was a British Conservative politician. He was Home Secretary from 1874 to 1880, and from 1885 to 1886.

Background and education

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Cross was born in Red Scar, near Preston, Lancashire, the fifth child and third son of William Cross JP (1771–1827), Deputy Prothonotary for the Court of Common Pleas at Lancaster and landed proprietor, and his wife Ellen, daughter of Edward Chaffers. He was educated at Rugby School, matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1842 where he graduated B.A. in 1846, and was the President of the Cambridge Union in 1845. He was admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1844, and was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1849, attaching himself to the Northern Circuit.[1][2]

Political career

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R. A. Cross caricatured by Ape (Carlo Pellegrini) in 1874.

Cross entered Parliament as one of two representatives for Preston in 1857, a seat he held until 1862.[3]

In 1868 Cross was elected for South West Lancashire, topping the poll and defeating Gladstone, and continued to represent this constituency until 1885.[3] He then briefly represented Newton,[3] until his elevation to the peerage in 1886.[4]

Cross was Home Secretary in Disraeli's second government (1874–1880), to which post he had been appointed without first holding junior office. He was again Home Secretary in Lord Salisbury's first government (1885–1886).

In 1886 Cross was raised to the peerage, as Viscount Cross of Broughton-in-Furness in the County Palatine of Lancaster,[5] He was moved over to the India Office (1886–1892), where he oversaw the passage of the Indian Councils Act 1892. He was very briefly Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in Salisbury's third government (1895–1902) before being elevated to the sinecure post Lord Privy Seal. In 1898 he chaired the Joint Select Committee on Electrical Energy (Generating Stations and Supply), which recommended granting compulsory purchase powers for the building of power stations. He retired in 1900.

Business interests

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After the death of his father-in-law Thomas Lyon (the younger) in 1859, Cross was involved in the affairs of Parr's Bank, of which Thomas Lyon the elder, uncle of the younger Thomas Lyon, was a founder.[2][6][7] He became a partner, and dropped out of Parliament for six years. He was one of the group who changed the bank into a joint stock company in 1865, of which he acted as deputy chairman. He became its chairman in 1870.[2][7]

In 1884, Cross was elected to the Board of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway,[8] and he remained a Director of that company, and of its successor the Great Central Railway (GCR), until his death.[9] During Board meetings, he would occasionally murmur "Where is the money to come from?"[10] In June 1909, when he was senior Director of the GCR, that railway named one of its class 8D express passenger locomotives The Rt. Hon. Viscount Cross G.C.B., G.C.S.I. in his honour.[11][12]

Family

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Cross married Georgiana, daughter of Thomas Lyon of Appleton Hall, in 1852; they had three daughters and four sons.[2] The eldest son, the Hon. William Cross, represented Liverpool West Derby in Parliament. The second son, Thomas Richard Cross, died young in 1873;[13] Charles Francis Cross, the third son, was a cleric;[14] and John Edward Cross, the fourth son, was a land agent.[15]

Lady Cross died in January 1907. Lord Cross survived her by seven years and died in January 1914, aged 90. He was succeeded in the viscountcy by his grandson, Richard Assheton Cross, the only son of the Honourable William Cross.

Arms

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Coat of arms of R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross
Crest
A Griffin's Head erased Argent gorged with a Double Chain Or therefrom pendant a Mullet pierced Sable in the beak a Passion Nail of the last
Escutcheon
Gules a Cross flory Argent charged with five Passion Nails Sable a Bordure of the second
Supporters
On either side a Pegasus Argent holding in the mouth a Passion Nail Sable the dexter gorged with a Chain Or therefrom pendant a Cross flory Gules the sinister gorged with a Double Chain Or therefrom pendant a Mullet pierced Sable
Motto
Crede Cruci (Trust in the Cross) [16]

References

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  1. ^ "Cross, Richard Assheton (CRS842RA)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ^ a b c d Smith, Paul. "Cross, Richard Assheton, first Viscount Cross (1823–1914)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32644. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ a b c Debrett's House of Commons. London: Dean. 1886.
  4. ^ Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "Cross, Richard Assheton, Viscount Cross" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
  5. ^ "No. 25618". The London Gazette. 20 August 1886. p. 4080.
  6. ^ Burke, Bernard (1863). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland. Harrison. p. 919.
  7. ^ a b Hewitt, Michael (5 June 2014). A Most Remarkable Family. Author House. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4969-7786-1.
  8. ^ Dow, George (1962). Great Central, Volume Two: Dominion of Watkin, 1864–1899. Shepperton: Ian Allan. pp. 195, 351. ISBN 0-7110-1469-8.
  9. ^ Dow, George (1965). Great Central, Volume Three: Fay Sets the Pace, 1900–1922. Shepperton: Ian Allan. pp. 229, 356. ISBN 0-7110-0263-0.
  10. ^ Dow 1965, p. 28
  11. ^ Dow 1965, p. 133
  12. ^ Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Russell, O.; Yeadon, W. B. (November 1979). Fry, E. V. (ed.). Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 3A: Tender Engines—Classes C1 to C11. Kenilworth: RCTS. p. 87. ISBN 0-901115-45-2.
  13. ^ "Cross, Thomas Richard (CRS872TR)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  14. ^ "Cross, Charles Francis (CRS879CF)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  15. ^ "Cross, John Edward (CRS877JE)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  16. ^ "Cross, Viscount (UK, 1886 - 2004)".

Sources

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Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Preston
1857–1862
With: Charles Grenfell 		Succeeded by
New constituency Member of Parliament for South West Lancashire
1868–1885
With: Charles Turner 1868 –1875
John Ireland Blackburne 1875–1885 		Constituency abolished
New constituency Member of Parliament for Newton
1885–1886 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Home Secretary
1874–1880 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Home Secretary
1885–1886 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary of State for India
1886–1892 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1895 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord Privy Seal
1895–1900 		Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Viscount Cross
1886–1914 		Succeeded by
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