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Kaagaz Ke Phool

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Kaagaz Ke Phool
Directed byGuru Dutt
Screenplay byAbrar Alvi
StarringGuru Dutt
Waheeda Rehman
Kumari Naaz
Mehmood
Johnny Walker
CinematographyV. K. Murthy
Edited byY. G. Chawhan
Music byS. D. Burman
Kaifi Azmi (lyrics)
Production
company
Release date
  • 2 January 1959 (1959-01-02)
Running time
148 minutes
CountryIndia
LanguageHindi

Kaagaz Ke Phool (transl. Paper Flowers)[a] is a 1959 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film produced and directed by Guru Dutt, who also played the lead role in the film along with Waheeda Rehman. It is the first Indian film in CinemaScope and the last film officially directed by Dutt.[1] It marked a technical revolution in Indian cinematography and is widely considered to be ahead of its time.[2][1]

The film was a box office bomb in its time owing to its theme which the masses could not identify with, but was later resurrected as a cult classic in the 1980s.[3] Its failure, both critically and commercially, severely impacted Guru Dutt and brought his studio on the verge of ruins. Dutt never officially directed a film after this.[4] The film's music was composed by S. D. Burman and the lyrics were written by Kaifi Azmi and Shailendra (for one song "Hum Tum Jise Kehta Hai"). Today Kaagaz ke Phool is a part of syllabi in many film schools.[5] It is considered to be the finest self-reflexive film to have ever been made in India.[6]

Synopsis

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The film tells, in flashback, the story of Suresh Sinha, a famous film director. His marriage to Veena is on the rocks, due to her wealthy family seeing filmmaking, as a job, lacking in social status. He is also denied access to his daughter, Pammi, who is sent to a private boarding school, in Dehradun.

On a rainy night, Sinha meets a woman, Shanti, and gives her his coat. She comes to the film studio to return the coat, unintentionally disrupting the shooting, by walking in front of the camera. While reviewing the rushes, Sinha recognises her potential as a star and casts her as Paro, in Devdas. Shanti goes on to become a rage and an acclaimed star. Shanti and Suresh, two lonely people, come together. Their liaison is hotly debated in gossip columns and results in Pammi's friends tormenting her, in school. Pammi pleads with Shanti to leave Sinha's life and allow her parents' marriage another chance. Moved by Pammi's plea, Shanti throws away her career and becomes a school teacher in a small village.

Pammi decides to live with her father, who fights his in-laws in court, but loses custody of Pammi to Veena, who is now his ex-wife. Losing custody of Pammi, along with Shanti's departure from films, drives Suresh to alcohol. This marks the beginning of his downfall, both personally and professionally, in his career and consequent decline in his fortunes. Meanwhile, Shanti is forced to return to films since she has a contract with the studio. Her producer agrees to hire Suresh because of Shanti, but Suresh's self-respect will not let him return and owe his job to Shanti's star status; so she is unable to help him, as he is too far gone for redemption. In the final scene, remembering his glorious past, he dies in the director's chair in an empty film studio, a lonely and forgotten man.

Cast

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Production

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The film is widely considered to be an autobiographical reflection of Guru Dutt's personality, his deepening disillusionment with the film industry and the nature of fame it brings, and on the widely written-about alleged relationship between Dutt and his protégé, Waheeda Rehman. Dutt was married to singer Geeta Roy Chowdhuri (later Geeta Dutt) at the time, and his heavy drinking and the rumours of his passionate romance with Rehman didn't help. Some others believe it to be a homage to Gyan Mukherjee (known for directing Kismet), whom Guru Dutt had joined in 1950. Waheeda Rehman has denied that the story was based on Dutt's own life augmenting that Dutt had never tasted failure as all his films were successful at the time of film's production unlike the protagonist who suffered from failure.[7][1]

V. K. Murthy, a frequent collaborator of Dutt, served as the cinematographer and won the Filmfare Best Cinematographer Award for his work in the film. M. R. Acharekar was the art director and went on to receive the Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction. Bhanu Athaiya, who would later receive an Academy Award for Gandhi (1982), handled the costume design. Ramnord Research Labs, headed by S. V. Rau, did the final film processing.

Soundtrack

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Kaagaz Ke Phool
Soundtrack album by
S. D. Burman
ReleasedJanuary 2, 1959 (1959-01-02)
GenreFilmi, Bollywood
Length33:18
LabelSaregama

The music of the movie was composed by S. D. Burman. He had warned him not to make Kaagaz Ke Phool, which resembled his own life. When Guru Dutt insisted on making the film, S. D. Burman said that that would be his last film with Guru Dutt.[4]

The song Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam became an evergreen hit and one of the most loved Hindi-film songs of all time.[8] In 2006, it was ranked #3 in the "20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever" poll of 30 leading music composers, singers, and lyricists.[9] Apart from the song's composition and lyrics, it is also considered one of the best photographed songs of all time. The light-beam effect was produced using two large mirrors and natural sunlight.[4]

All music is composed by S. D. Burman

No.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length
1."Title Music"--2:02
2."Dekhi Zamane Ki Yaari"Kaifi AzmiMohammed Rafi9:00
3."San San San Woh Chali Hawa"Kaifi AzmiMohammed Rafi, Asha Bhosle4:13
4."Ud Ja Ud Ja Pyaase Bhaware"Kaifi AzmiMohammed Rafi3:21
5."Hum Tum Jise Kahta Hai"ShailendraMohammed Rafi4:13
6."Ek Do Teen Char Aur Paanch"Kaifi AzmiGeeta Dutt3:24
7."Ulte Seedhe Dao Lagaye"Kaifi AzmiMohammed Rafi, Asha Bhosle3:31
8."Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam"Kaifi AzmiGeeta Dutt3:31
Total length:33:18

Release and reception

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The commercial and critical failure of Kaagaz Ke Phool was an intense disappointment for Guru Dutt. He had invested a great deal of love, money, and energy in this film. All subsequent films from his studio were, thereafter, officially helmed by other directors since Guru Dutt felt that his name is anathema to box office.[10][1]

In the writing of Sathya Saran's book Ten Years with Guru Dutt: Abrar Alvi’s Journey, Abrar Alvi, who wrote the screenplay and dialogues of Kaagaz Ke Phool, told Saran that he believed the masses just couldn't identify with Suresh's trauma over his personal heartbreak and his lack of professional creative freedom, given that he was reasonably well off and he still had a job, while they struggled to put two meals on their table. He believed viewers couldn't feel for what they saw as the self-indulgent angst of a privileged man.[1]

Home video

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Main article: In Search of Guru Dutt

Yash Raj Films released a commemorative DVD of the movie. Included in the special features is a three-part documentary produced by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom on the life and works of Guru Dutt, In Search of Guru Dutt. His close associates and some of his family members remember him, his life and work. There is also a tribute to Geeta Dutt by Lata Mangeshkar, in which she sings "Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam".[11]

Legacy

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In the 2002 Sight & Sound critics and directors' poll, Kaagaz Ke Phool was ranked #160 in the list of greatest films of all time.[12] It was listed in British Film Institute's Top 20 Indian Films in 2002 at #11;[13] NDTV's listed it in "India's 20 greatest films", citing, "Kaagaz Ke Phool, Guru Dutt's most melancholic film ever, takes his deepening disillusionment with the world and its guardians to a new level of despair. The iconic actor-director plays a filmmaker on the skids. He is unable to get his point of view across to the people who matter and life is a constant struggle, both personally and professionally. The masses failed to connect with the film, but Kaagaz Ke Phool has lived longer than many money-spinners of the golden era of Hindi cinema."[14] It was listed in CNN-IBN's 100 Greatest Indian Films of all time in 2013.[15] It was ranked #6 in Outlook Magazine's poll of the 25 leading Indian directors for Hindi cinema's best films in 2003.[16] It was also listed in Time-Out's "The 100 Best Bollywood Movies" in 2015 at #14.[17]

Kaagaz Ke Phool's screenplay was published in 2014 as a book as Kaagaz Ke Phool: The Original Screenplay.[18] In 2019, British Film Institute named Kaagaz Ke Phool as the Best Musical of 1959, citing, “if proof were needed that Guru Dutt was no one-hit-wonder, it's right here.”[19] It was ranked first in The Cinemaholic's list of "Best Hindi Cult Films that were Flops", citing, “The last film officially directed by the legendary Guru Dutt. Often regarded as one of the greatest film ever made, the failure of Kaagaz Ke Phool severely impacted Guru Dutt.”[20] In an article regarding the film, the University of IOWA, summed up, “Flaws and all, Kagaz Ke Phool deserves to rank—with Fellini's 8½—among the all-time great films about filmmaking and life.”[21]

Kaagaz Ke Phool significantly serves the plot of 2022 film Chup: Revenge of the Artist.[22]

Awards

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ The implied meaning is that all happiness in this life [Flowers] is fake [Paper], although it might appear real. The protagonist of this film [a character played by Guru Dutt] had at one point in time, all the happiness this world had to offer him. However, it was only due to his success. Once he failed to deliver success, people gradually moved away from him [a situation, very poignantly described by Kaifi Azmi in another of his songs from the same film Bichde Sabhi Bari Bari (Every one moved away from me gradually) and also by extremely sobering thought Matlab ki duniya hai saari (the whole world only needs favors from you; once you are unable to deliver that, they will silently move away). The philosophical message that this film appeared to deliver was this - Don't be arrogant, when you are successful; a time will inevitably come, when this success will disappear. Thus all your success and happiness is fake or paper flowers

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Sood, Samira (16 May 2020). "Kaagaz Ke Phool is Guru Dutt's masterclass in filmmaking and heartbreak". ThePrint. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  2. ^ "Kaagaz ke Phool 1959". The Hindu. 11 October 2008 – via www.thehindu.com.
  3. ^ "Kaagaz ke Phool: 59 years later". Indian Cultural Forum. 18 July 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. ^ a b c Usman, Yasser (7 January 2021). Guru Dutt: An Unfinished Story: An Unfinished Story. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-93-86797-89-6.
  5. ^ "100 Filmfare Days: Day 25 - Kaagaz Ke Phool". filmfare.com. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  6. ^ Chatterji, Shoma A. "60 years of Kaagaz Ke Phool: The most outstanding self-reflexive film of Indian cinema". www.cinestaan.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  7. ^ Helio San Miguel (2012). World Film Locations: Mumbai. Intellect Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-84150-632-6.
  8. ^ "Top 32: Most loved Bollywood songs of all time". Hindustan Times. 31 August 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  9. ^ "20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever | Outlook India Magazine". Outlook India. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  10. ^ "Guru Dutt: Remembering a genius". Hindustan Times. 9 July 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  11. ^ "Documentary on Guru Dutt released on DVD". DearCinema. 12 July 2011.
  12. ^ "2002 Sight & Sound Top Films Survey of 253 International Critics & Film Directors". Cinemacom. 2002. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  13. ^ "BFI | Features | Top 20 Indian Films". 15 May 2011. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  14. ^ "India's 20 greatest films » NDTV Movies". 21 February 2012. Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  15. ^ "100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time". News18. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  16. ^ "6. Kaagaz Ke Phool -1959 | Outlook India Magazine". Outlook (India). Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  17. ^ "The Best Bollywood movies". Time Out London. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  18. ^ Dayal, Radha (February 2015). "Reversing cinematic translation". The Book Review. Vol. 39, no. 2. Archived from the original on 10 September 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  19. ^ "The best musical of every year – from the dawn of sound to the rise of the jukebox musical". BFI. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  20. ^ Shah, Aarya (18 October 2017). "15 Best Bollywood Cult Movies That Were Actually Flops". The Cinemaholic. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  21. ^ "Kaagaz ke phool | Indian Cinema - The University of Iowa". indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  22. ^ "Sunny Deol, Dulquer Salmaan ask you to review psychopath thriller 'Chup' trailer; it's an ode to Guru Dutt, his 'Kaagaz Ke Phool'". Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  23. ^ Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959)-Awards Internet Movie Database.
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