Political party strength in Michigan
The tables below indicate the political party affiliation of elected officials in the U.S. State of Michigan from statehood through the results of the November 2022 elections.[a]
Officials listed include: Governors, Lieutenant Governors, Secretaries of State, Attorneys General/
State Treasurers.[b] The tables also indicate the historical party composition in the State Senate, State House of Representatives, the names and party affiliations of Michigan's U.S. Senators, and the party composition of Michigan's delegations to the U.S. House of Representatives. For years in which a presidential election was held, the tables show which party's nominees received the State's electoral votes.
1837–1899
[edit]1900–1964
[edit]In 1963, the Michigan Constitution was rewritten, modifying the statewide elected positions.
1965–present
[edit]| Year | Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress | Electoral votes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | Lt. Governor | Sec. of State | Attorney General | State Senate | State House | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class II) | U.S. House | ||
| 1965 | George W. Romney (R)[v] | William Milliken (R) | James M. Hare (D)[83] | Frank J. Kelley (D) | 23D, 15R | 73D, 37R | Philip Hart (D) | Patrick V. McNamara (D) | 12D, 7R | Lyndon B. Johnson/ Hubert Humphrey (D) 
|
| 1966 | Robert P. Griffin (R) | |||||||||
| 1967 | 20R, 18D[w] | 56R, 54D[x] | 12R, 7D | |||||||
| 1968 | Hubert Humphrey/ Edmund Muskie (D) 
| |||||||||
| 1969 | William Milliken (R)[y] | vacant | 57D, 53R | |||||||
| 1970 | Thomas F. Schweigert (R) | |||||||||
| 1971 | James H. Brickley (R) | Richard H. Austin (D) | 19R, 19D[z] | 58D, 52R | ||||||
| 1972 | Richard Nixon/ Spiro Agnew (R)
| |||||||||
| 1973 | 60D, 50R | |||||||||
| 1974 | 11R, 8D[aa] | |||||||||
| 1975 | James Damman (R) | 24D, 14R | 66D, 44R | 12D, 7R | ||||||
| 1976 | Gerald Ford/ Bob Dole (R)
| |||||||||
| 1977 | 68D, 42R | Donald Riegle (D) | 11D, 8R | |||||||
| 1978 | ||||||||||
| 1979 | James H. Brickley (R) | 70D, 40R | Carl Levin (D) | 13D, 6R | ||||||
| 1980 | Ronald Reagan/ George H. W. Bush (R)
| |||||||||
| 1981 | 64D, 46R | 12D, 7R | ||||||||
| 1982 | ||||||||||
| 1983 | James J. Blanchard (D) | Martha Griffiths (D) | 20D, 18R | 63D, 47R | 12D, 6R | |||||
| 1984 | 20R, 18D[ab] | |||||||||
| 1985 | 57D, 53R | 11D, 7R | ||||||||
| 1986 | ||||||||||
| 1987 | 64D, 46R | |||||||||
| 1988 | George H. W. Bush/ Dan Quayle (R)
| |||||||||
| 1989 | 61D, 49R | |||||||||
| 1990 | ||||||||||
| 1991 | John Engler (R) | Connie Binsfeld (R) | ||||||||
| 1992 | Bill Clinton/ Al Gore (D)
| |||||||||
| 1993 | 22R, 16D | 55R, 55D[ac] | 10D, 6R | |||||||
| 1994 | ||||||||||
| 1995 | Candice Miller (R) | 56R, 54D | Spencer Abraham (R) | 9D, 7R | ||||||
| 1996 | ||||||||||
| 1997 | 52R, 58D | 10D, 6R | ||||||||
| 1998 | ||||||||||
| 1999 | Dick Posthumus (R) | Jennifer Granholm (D) | 23R, 15D | 58R, 52D | ||||||
| 2000 | Al Gore/ Joe Lieberman (D)
| |||||||||
| 2001 | 59R, 51D | Debbie Stabenow (D) | 9D, 7R | |||||||
| 2002 | ||||||||||
| 2003 | Jennifer Granholm (D) | John D. Cherry (D) | Terri Lynn Land (R) | Mike Cox (R) | 22R, 16D | 62R, 48D | 9R, 6D | |||
| 2004 | John Kerry/ John Edwards (D)
| |||||||||
| 2005 | 58R, 52D | |||||||||
| 2006 | ||||||||||
| 2007 | 21R, 17D | 58D, 52R | ||||||||
| 2008 | Barack Obama/ Joe Biden (D)
| |||||||||
| 2009 | 21R, 16D[ad] | 67D, 43R | 8D, 7R | |||||||
| 2010 | 22R, 16D[ae] | |||||||||
| 2011 | Rick Snyder (R) | Brian Calley (R) | Ruth Johnson (R) | Bill Schuette (R) | 26R, 12D | 63R, 47D | 9R, 6D | |||
| 2012 | 64R, 46D[af] | |||||||||
| 2013 | 59R, 50D, 1I | 9R, 5D | ||||||||
| 2014 | ||||||||||
| 2015 | 27R, 11D | 63R, 47D | Gary Peters (D) | |||||||
| 2016 | Donald Trump/ Mike Pence (R)
| |||||||||
| 2017 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | ||||||||||
| 2019 | Gretchen Whitmer (D) | Garlin Gilchrist (D) | Jocelyn Benson (D) | Dana Nessel (D) | 22R, 16D | 58R, 52D[92] | 7R, 7D | |||
| 7D, 6R, 1I/L[ag] | ||||||||||
| 2020 | Joe Biden/ Kamala Harris (D)
| |||||||||
| 2021 | 7R, 7D | |||||||||
| 2022 | ||||||||||
| 57R, 53D[ah] | ||||||||||
| 2023 | 20D, 18R | 56D, 54R | 7D, 6R | |||||||
| 2024 | ||||||||||
| Democratic (D) | National Union (NU) | Progressive (Prog) | Republican (R) | Whig (W) |
- ^ Until 1851, elections were held in odd number years; since that time, they have been held in even number years, on the first Tuesday in November, coincident with other national and state elections. Winners are now sworn in on January 1. Governors were elected to two year terms from 1837 until 1966 when the term was set at four years. Effective with the 2003 retirement of John Engler, governors are subject to a lifetime term limit of two four year terms.
- ^ State Treasurers are listed for the time period when it was an elective office, (1850–1963).
- ^ Elected a Democratic as Speaker, Charles Whipple.[4]
- ^ Michigan participated in the 1836 election but had not yet been formally admitted to the Union as a state due to a boundary dispute with Ohio.
- ^ A Democrat until 1854, Manning became a Republican because of the Republican Party's anti slavery position.[5]
- ^ a b Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate.
- ^ a b c d As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term.
- ^ First elected treasurer
- ^ Effective with the Constitution of 1850, terms for Senator were increased to two years.
- ^ Effective with the Constitution of 1850, terms for Representative were increased to two years.
- ^ After a new state constitution was drafted in 1850, McClelland was elected to a single one-year term in 1851. He was then re-elected to a full two-year term in 1852 but resigned to become United States Secretary of the Interior.
- ^ Democrat, then Republican after 1854 [13]
- ^ Ran on the first Republican state ticket in 1854[14]
- ^ Republican after 1854, Whig before that.[16]
- ^ Removed from office.[42][43]
- ^ Removed from office[44]
- ^ Initially appointed to fill vacancy; later elected in his own right.
- ^ Indicted on 48 charges of embezzlement.[45]
- ^ Indicted for bribery in 1994 but the case ended when the star witness, Sen. Warren G. Hooper was murdered.[62]
- ^ Died in office
- ^ Due to a change in rules, Republicans organized the chamber on a 55-54 vote and elected a Speaker, Don R. Pears, of their party when a Democrat, Josephine Hunsinger, left for an emergency appendectomy.[85]
- ^ a b Resigned to become United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
- ^ Effective with the Constitution of 1964, senators started to be elected to four-year terms, all at the same election. This went into effect at the 1966 election.
- ^ The 1966 Midterms yielded a 55-55 split, but the Republicans prevailed on a Democrat to skip on the vote for Speaker and be able to organize the chamber on a 55-54 vote due to a rule change, like was done in 1959. Robert E. Waldron became Speaker, and the Republicans ran the chamber. The Democrat, E.D. O'Brien, became a Republican for the purposes of composition for the rest of the session.[86]
- ^ As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term and was later elected in his own right.
- ^ The Republicans organized the Senate with the tie-breaking vote of the Lt. Governor.[87]
- ^ Donald Riegle switched parties from Republican to Democratic on February 27, 1973.
- ^ Two Democratic Senators, David Serotkin and Phil Mastin, were recalled after a tax hike during the legislative session earlier in the year. The recalls flipped the chamber to the Republicans.[88]
- ^ A power-sharing agreement was negotiated between the Democrats and Republicans to control the chamber.[89]
- ^ Sen. Mark Schauer resigned his 19th District seat to take office as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
- ^ Mike Nofs won the special election to take Schauer's seat, flipping the seat to the Republicans.[90]
- ^ Rep. Roy Schmidt switched parties from Democratic to Republican on May 15, 2012.[91]
- ^ U.S. Rep. Justin Amash switched parties from Republican to Independent on July 4, 2019, then became a Libertarian from April 2020 until the end of his term.[93][94]
- ^ Carol Glanville won a special election in the 74th district on May 3, 2022, flipping the seat from Republican to Democratic.[95]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Party organization and machinery in Michigan since 1890, By Arthur Chester Millspaugh (1917) The Johns Hopkins Press Baltimore
- Livingstone's history of the Republican party, A history of the Republican party from its foundation to the close of the campaign of 1900
- ^ "Former officials" (PDF). 14 January 2004. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ "Michigan County Histories Early history of Michigan with biographies of state officers". quod.lib.umich.edu. p. 718. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
Democrat
- ^ Richard I. Bonner, (1909), Memoirs of Lenawee County, Michigan, Vol. 1, Western Historical Association, p. 611.
- ^ p. 685
- ^ Biographies: Randolph Manning, Michigan Supreme Court Historical Society.
- ^ Chapter 15: politics in mid-nineteenth-century Michigan., (1995) The Free Library, William B. Eerdmans Publishing.
- ^ "American biographical history of eminent and self-made men ... Michigan volume", page 8, Collection: Michigan County Histories and Atlases, University of Michigan Digital Library.
- ^ Stephen D. Bingham, Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators, pages 665–666, University of Michigan Digital Library
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Peck". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Bingham, Stephen D. "Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887". quod.lib.umich.edu. p. 547. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Bingham, Stephen D. "Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887". quod.lib.umich.edu. p. 629. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Bingham, Stephen D. "Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887". quod.lib.umich.edu. p. 304. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Bingham, Stephen D. "Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887". quod.lib.umich.edu. p. 452. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Bingham, Stephen D. "Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887". quod.lib.umich.edu. p. 349. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ "Michigan Manual 2009 -2010 Chapter III – THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH • III-191FORMER STATE LEGISLATURES, 1835-2008" (PDF). 5 November 2009. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Bingham, Stephen D. "Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887". quod.lib.umich.edu. p. 373. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Bingham, Stephen D. "Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887". quod.lib.umich.edu. p. 530. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ "The Election To-Morrow.; Names Of The Candidates Before The People. New-York. Massachusetts. Illinois. Michigan. Iowa. New-Jersey. Minnesota. Wisconsin. Delaware". The New York Times. 1860-11-05.
- ^ Report of the Attorney General By Michigan. Attorney General's Dept
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Sparky to Spelts". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Strickler to Strommen". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Colemer to Collini". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1873. p. 538. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Fuller, G.N.; Beeson, L.; Michigan Historical Commission; Michigan State Historical Society; Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society (1917). Michigan History. Michigan Historical Commission. p. 10. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Fisher, E.B. (1918). Grand Rapids and Kent County, Michigan: Historical Account of Their Progress from First Settlement to the Present Time. Vol. 1. Robert O. Law Company. p. 341. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ "POLITICAL CONVENTIONS.; MICHIGAN. THE REPUBLICAN STATE CONVENTION AT LANSING THE STATE TICKET AND PLATFORM". The New York Times. 1874-08-27. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
- ^ "MICHIGAN FOR ALGER.; THE STATE'S DELEGATES TO THE CHICAGO CONVENTION". The New York Times. 1888-05-09. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Jenkins-husband to Jenning". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Princehouse to Procter". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ "American biographical history of eminent and self-made men ... Michigan volume. [Vol. 2]". quod.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ "Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887". quod.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Livingstone, W. (1900). Livingstone's History of the Republican Party: A History of the Republican Party from Its Foundation to the Close of the Campaign of 1900, Including Incidents of Michigan Campaigns and Biographical Sketches ... W. Livingstone. p. 360. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Tagaloa to Talbird". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Osbourn to Ostrowsky". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Malony to Manly". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ Early history of Michigan, with biographies of state officers, members of Congress, judges and legislators. Pub. pursuant to act 59, 1887.Author: Bingham, S. D. (Stephen D.) – p 645 [1]
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Hurliman to Hutchings". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ Cleveland, Giover (1890-12-07). "Delaware And Hudson Canal.; Close Of Navigation After A Most Prosperous Season". The New York Times.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Ellis". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ "Cleveland's Name Cheered.; Enthusiastic Convention Of The Michigan Democrats" (PDF). The New York Times. 1890-09-11.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Blackburne to Blackton". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Political Graveyard
- ^ a b c d e f Livingstone, W. (1900). Livingstone's history of the Republican party: A history of the Republican party from its foundation to the close of the campaign of 1900, including incidents of Michigan campaigns and biographical sketches ... W. Livingstone. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Political Graveyard
- ^ Political graveyard
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Stebe to Steel". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Stearns". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ "510 CHAPTER IV • THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH FORMER OFFICIALS OF MICHIGAN FRENCH-CANADIAN GOVERNORS, 1603-1760" (PDF). 14 January 2004. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Warner to Warra". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Blair". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Prescott". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Bird". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Martin-trigona to Martinelli". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Kuhn". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Wyble to Wywiorski". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Fellows". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Vaughan". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Johnson, Ray (1922-09-27). "Harmony Key As G.O.P. Meets". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Dehaan to Deland". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Wiley to Wiley-segovia". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Dougherty". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Bio at Political Graveyard
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Resa to Reynoldo". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Haggerty". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Fitzgerald". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Voorheis to Vyzral". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Obrien, O to R". The Political Graveyard.
- ^ "Demos May Ask For Recount of Wilson's Vote". The Herald-Press. November 16, 1934. p. 4. Retrieved October 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Atwood". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Townshend to Trachtenberg". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Crowl to Crowly". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Case". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Starr". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Kelly, G to I". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Rushe to Russel". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Dickison to Dikis". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Elderdice to Eldrich". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Political Graveyard
- ^ "Michigan Supreme Court History Society ::". Micourthistory.org. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Lawyer Politicians in Michigan, Q-R". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Miles-lagrange to Millentree". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Cleage to Clementine". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ a b Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Hardy-wrigley to Harju". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Index to Politicians: Kaufmann to Keastner". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ p. 20
- ^ Loepp, Daniel (1999). Sharing the balance of power. Internet Archive. University of Michigan Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-472-09702-9.
- ^ Loepp, Daniel (1999). Sharing the balance of power. Internet Archive. University of Michigan Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-472-09702-9.
- ^ AP (1983-12-01). "AROUND THE NATION; Michigan Voters Oust 2d Legislator Over Taxes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
- ^ Loepp, Daniel (1999). Sharing the balance of power. Internet Archive. University of Michigan Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-472-09702-9.
- ^ http://legislature.mi.gov/(S(kncevbb4ttydip3nqy3deq45))/documents/2011-2012/michiganmanual/2011-MM-P0165-p0165.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Grand Rapids Rep. Roy Schmidt announces party switch, long-time Democrat will run as Republican". mlive. 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
- ^ Egan, Paul. "Republicans retain control of Michigan state House after both parties flip seats". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ Chiacu, Doina (2019-07-04). "Trump critic Amash quits their Republican Party". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
- ^ "Rep. Justin Amash Becomes First Libertarian Member of Congress". 270toWin.com. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
- ^ Dickson, James David (2022-05-04). "Democrat Glanville scores upset for Michigan GOP House seat; Harris, Mekoski, Pepper win". The Detroit News. Retrieved 2022-08-02.