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Liebigs Annalen

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"Ann." redirects here. For other uses, see Ann (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Annales de Chimie.
Liebigs Annalen
1882 cover
DisciplineChemistry
LanguageGerman, English
Publication details
History1832–1997
Publisher
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4Liebigs Ann.
Indexing
CODENLACHDL
ISSN0170-2041
Links

Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie (often cited as Liebigs Annalen) was one of the oldest and historically most important journals in the field of organic chemistry worldwide. It was established in 1832 and edited by Justus von Liebig with Friedrich Wöhler and others[1] until Liebig's death in 1873. The journal was originally titled Annalen der Pharmacie;[2] its name was changed to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie in 1874.[3] In its first decades of publishing, the journal was both a periodical containing news of the chemical and pharmaceutical fields and a publisher of primary research. During this time, it was noted to contain rebuttals and criticism of the works it published, inserted by Justus von Liebig during his tenure as an editor.[4] After 1874, changes were made to editorial policies, and the journal published only completed research; later on, in the 20th century, its focus was narrowed to only print articles on organic chemistry.[2]

The journal has undergone many mergers and changes in name throughout its history. In 1997, the journal merged with Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas to form Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, and in 1998, it was absorbed by European Journal of Organic Chemistry by merger of a number of other national European chemistry journals.[5] By this time, over 750 volumes of the journal had been printed.[6]

Content

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Many chemical syntheses were published in Liebigs Annalen. Among these were Robert Bunsen's preparation of metals such as lithium via electrolysis,[7] the synthesis of hematoporphyrin, for which Hans Fischer won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry,[8] and many of Georg Wittig's publications, including the preparation of phenyllithium.[9][10]

Liebigs Annalen published news on advances in chemistry and pharmacy in addition to primary research, mainly during Justus von Liebig's time as editor. From 1839 to 1855, the journal published a summary report of the advances made in chemistry for the year.[2] One example of a news item published in the Annalen was the discovery of ether as it is used in surgical anesthesia by Henry Jacob Bigelow,[11] which Liebig had been informed of through a letter from Edward Everett.[12] Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev both published their versions of the periodic table in Liebigs Annalen in 1870 and 1871, respectively, though both had published elsewhere in the years prior to their separate printings of the "full periodic system" in the Annalen.[13] By 1957, the content of Liebigs Annalen was entirely organic chemistry.[2]

Publications in Liebigs Annalen were focused mainly on experimental and organic chemistry;[14] as an editor, Justus von Liebig would often promote his own work in the journal. Liebig would also publish his criticism on articles published in the journal, including attacks on theoretical frameworks of organic chemistry that were in conflict with his support of radical theory.[4] These criticisms were later described by chemist and historian J. R. Partington in his series A History of Chemistry as "competent", but "sometimes beyond all reason".[15] Following Liebig's death, Jacob Volhard, head of the group publishing the Annalen in 1878, altered the policies of the journal to only accept and print finished research papers not already printed in other papers and "to exclude articles of a polemical nature".[2]

History

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The history of Liebigs Annalen started with the monthly Magazin für Pharmacie und die dahin einschlagenden Wissenschaften, a work edited by professor of pharmacy Philipp Lorenz Geiger, that Justus von Liebig joined in 1831 as co-editor.[16] The name was changed by the end of 1831 to Magazin für Pharmacie und Experimentalkritik, in the following year merged with the Archiv der Pharmazie, then known as the Archiv des Apothekervereins im nördlichen Teutschland,[2] edited by Rudolph Brandes.[17] In 1834, the Neues Journal der Pharmazie fur Arzte, Apotheker und Chemiker was merged with the Annalen, resulting in a brief period wherein there were 4 editors: Liebig, Brandes, Geiger, and Johann Trommsdorff.[2] The first volume of the journal after the merger included papers from several well-known names in chemistry, including Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, not to mention Liebig himself.[18] Brandes withdrew from the journal in 1835 due to disagreements with Liebig, going on to publish the Archiv der Pharmazie independently;[17] Annalen der Pharmacie was renamed to Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie around this period in 1840 in an effort to be more inclusive of the related fields of research in chemistry and thus broaden the potential audience.[2][19]

In 1837, Liebig left Germany for Britain to meet with the British Association for the Advancement of Science and to market his work,[20] and around that time met with Thomas Graham and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, the latter of which he had feuded with several years earlier.[21] Upon returning to Germany, due to the perceived poor quality of the Annalen while he was away, Liebig fired his co-editors Emanuel Merck and Friedrich Mohr, making himself the sole editor of the Annalen. At this point, the journal was starting publication outside of Germany, namely in France and England. Liebig acknowledged "the cooperation" of Graham and Dumas from 1838 to 1842, but would break away from them in 1842, and remained the only editor until 1851, at which point he invited Hermann Kopp to take over management of the journal; Kopp's name would appear on the title page of the journal as editor from 1851 until his death in 1892, though several other editors, including Jacob Volhard, joined the editorial board during his tenure.[2]

After Liebig's death in 1873, the journal's name was changed to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmazie. This name was shortened to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie in 1874,[2] which was kept until it was merged with the Dutch journal Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas in 1997. Shortly before the merger, in 1995, Liebigs Annalen started publishing articles in English. The resulting publication, titled Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, became part of the European Journal of Organic Chemistry in January 1998.[22] At the time of the merger, over 750 volumes of Liebigs Annalen in its various forms had been published.[6]

Prior to the mergers in the late 20th century, Liebigs Annalen faced difficulties due to paper shortages and reduced research publication during World War I, the deaths of several editors in the 1910s, and further publishing difficulties during World War II. For several years prior to World War II, several Nobel Prize recipients served on the editorial board, including Richard Willstätter, Adolf Windaus, Heinrich Otto Wieland and Hans Fischer.[2]

Title history

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  • Annalen der Pharmacie, 1832–1839
  • Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1840–1873 (ISSN 0075-4617, CODEN JLACBF)
  • Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1873–1874 (ISSN 0075-4617, CODEN JLACBF)
  • Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, 1874–1944 & 1947–1978 (ISSN 0075-4617, CODEN JLACBF)
  • Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1979–1994 (ISSN 0170-2041, CODEN LACHDL)
  • Liebigs Annalen, 1995–1996 (ISSN 0947-3440, CODEN LANAEM)
  • Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, 1997 (ISSN 0947-3440, CODEN LIARFV)
  • European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1998+ (Print ISSN 1434-193X; eISSN 1099-0690, CODEN EJOCFK)

Selected notable publications

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References

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  1. ^ Royal Society of London (1 January 1875). "Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 24: xxvii–xxxvii. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Van Klooster, H. S. (January 1957). "The story of Liebig's Annalen der Chemie". Journal of Chemical Education. 34 (1): 27. doi:10.1021/ed034p27. ISSN 0021-9584. Archived from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  3. ^ Leicester, Henry Marshall (1971). The historical background of chemistry. New York: Dover Publications. p. 214. ISBN 0486610535. Archived from the original on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  4. ^ a b Phillips, J. P. (1966-01-01). "Liebig and Kolbe, Critical Editors". Chymia. 11: 89–97. doi:10.2307/27757261. ISSN 0095-9367. JSTOR 27757261.
  5. ^ "Overview". Chemistry Europe. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  6. ^ a b "European Journal of Organic Chemistry - Issue Archive". Wiley. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  7. ^ Dronsfield, Alan (June 30, 2010). "Look who discovered caesium..." RSC Education. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
  8. ^ "Hans Fischer – Facts". Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  9. ^ Tochtermann, Werner (March 1997). "Georg Wittig (1897–1987)". Liebigs Annalen. 1997 (3). doi:10.1002/jlac.199719970303. ISSN 0947-3440.
  10. ^ Goedecke, Catharina (June 16, 2022). "125th Birthday: Georg Wittig". ChemistryViews. doi:10.1002/chemv.202200048.
  11. ^ von Liebig, Justus (1847). "Chirurgische Operationen unter dem Einflusse des Aetherdampfes" [Surgical operations under the influence of ether]. Ann. Chem. Pharm. 61: 246–248.
  12. ^ Schwarz, W; Hintzenstern, U.v (December 2002). "Justus von Liebig (1803–1873): a chemist's contributions to anaesthesia". International Congress Series. 1242: 323–328. doi:10.1016/S0531-5131(02)00719-7.
  13. ^ Meyer, Michal (June 19, 2013). "An Element of Order". Science History Institute. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  14. ^ Fruton, Joseph S. (1988). "The Liebig Research Group: A Reappraisal". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 132 (1): 1–66. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 3143824. Archived from the original on 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  15. ^ Gebelein, Helmut (2004). "Justus Liebig: Life and Work" (PDF). Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Chimica (13).
  16. ^ Ulrike, Thomas (1987). "Philipp Lorenz Geiger und Justus Liebig " ... alles um des verdammten Geldes wegen"?". Gießener Universitätsblätter (in German). 20 (1): 21–22.
  17. ^ a b Friedrich, Christoph; Helmstädter, Axel (January 2022). "Archiv der Pharmazie—200 years". Archiv der Pharmazie. 355 (1). doi:10.1002/ardp.202100392. ISSN 0365-6233. Archived from the original on 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  18. ^ Nagendrappa, Gopalpur (August 2013). "Justus Freiherr von Liebig". Resonance. 18 (8): 709. doi:10.1007/s12045-013-0092-5. ISSN 0971-8044.
  19. ^ Blondel-Mégrelis, Marika (2007). "Liebig or How to Popularize Chemistry" (PDF). Hyle: International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry. 13 (1): 43–54. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  20. ^ Munday, Pat (1998). "Politics by Other Means: Justus von Liebig and the German Translation of John Stuart Mill's "Logic"". The British Journal for the History of Science. 31 (4): 403–418. ISSN 0007-0874.
  21. ^ Rocke, Alan J. (1993). "4— Gerhardt and Wurtz". The Quiet Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  22. ^ Engberts, Jan B. F. N.; Hafner, Klaus; Hopf, Henning (September 20, 1997). Temme, Robert (ed.). "What is going to become of Chemische Berichte/Recueil and Liebigs Annalen/Recueil?" (PDF). Jahrgang. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
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