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James Reed (entrepreneur)

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James Reed
CBE, FCIPD
Born
James Andrew Reed

(1963-04-12) 12 April 1963 (age 61)
Woking, Surrey, England
NationalityBritish and Maltese
Alma materChrist Church, Oxford
Harvard Business School
Occupation(s)Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Reed Group
Chairman, The Big Give
Known forEntrepreneurship and philanthropy
SpouseNicola Reed
Children6
Parent(s)Alec Reed, Adrianne Eyre
WebsiteOfficial website

James Andrew Reed CBE, FCIPD (born 12 April 1963) is a British businessman. He is chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Reed group of companies. He is the son of Sir Alec Reed, who founded the company in 1960. He is chairman of The Big Give Trust, a match-funding charity supported in part by the Reed Foundation and the Reed family. The Big Give has raised over £284 million for UK-registered charities and aims to raise £1 billion by 2030.[1][2][3]

Early life and education

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Reed was born on 12 April 1963 in Woking, Surrey, one of three children of Alec and Adrianne Reed.[4]

Reed attended Scaitcliffe prep school and later St Paul's School, London. He graduated from Christ Church, Oxford in 1984 with a degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE). Subsequently, he gained an MBA from Harvard Business School. During his time at Oxford, Reed served as the political editor of Samizdat, a magazine for political science students. At Harvard, he produced In The Shadow of The City,[5] a case study and video focusing on slum improvement works in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Early career

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Reed's first job was leveling graves at a graveyard in Old Windsor,[6] which he described as "...miserable, it was cold, it was horrible and hard - and I didn't last very long at it."[7]

He graduated from Oxford in 1984, seeking to work for an entrepreneur. He sent a speculative job application to Gordon and Anita Roddick of The Body Shop, working in the firm's stores in Brighton and Great Marlborough Street, London.[8] The Roddicks then hired him as Gordon's assistant.[9] Reed then worked for Saatchi & Saatchi between 1985 and 1986, where he managed advertising campaigns for British Rail, Club 18-30, Eurotunnel and Procter & Gamble.

From 1987 to 1988 he coordinated relief and development programmes in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Soviet-occupied Afghanistan, on behalf of Help the Aged and Afghanaid.[10][11] He coordinated fundraising, publicity, and sponsorship for Afghanaid and covered the Afghan conflict for The Independent newspaper.[12] He entered Afghanistan disguised as an Afghan travelling with Mujahideen rebels.[13]

Reed joined the BBC in 1990, after graduating from Harvard. He produced documentaries for BBC TV on topics such as Tom Peters and prison privatisation. After the Tom Peters documentary grossed £1m, Reed requested funding for a similar programme but was denied, prompting him to leave the BBC.[14]

He became a non-executive director of Reed in 1992. In a 2014 radio interview, he spoke of the background to joining the family business full-time:[15]

"Joining the family business wasn't a fait accompli. When my father got to 60 he said, 'James, there's not much point having a family business if there isn't any family in it'. I'd been sitting on the fence for some time. Then one day he said, ‘That job that I have been talking to you about? It’s going to be in The Sunday Times Appointments section next week – do you want to apply or not?'."

Reed frequently acknowledges that his appointment to the family business was based partly on nepotism, telling The Guardian in 2010 that "...there is no other way to describe it.”[16] Reed's father is quoted as believing that family-run businesses "...cut out a lot of company politics".[17]

Reed Group

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Reed became operations director at Reed Group in April 1994 and chief executive officer in 1997;[18] Reed's father gave him a baton to symbolise the handover of power. The baton now hangs on the wall of Reed's personal office.[19] He succeeded his father to the position of chairman in 2004.[20]

Reed has said that his three most significant contributions to the Reed Group are the development of reed.co.uk, the introduction of Reed in Partnership and the globalisation of the company.[21] The company's revenue has increased from £150 million to £1.3 billion under his leadership.[22][23]

Reed in Partnership

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In 1997 Reed was invited to bid on contracts issued by the Blair administration, in which some of the traditional work of Job Centres was outsourced to the private sector. This resulted in Reed in Partnership, which now employs 2500 people.

In July 2023, Reed Group launched Reed Environment, an initiative whose main focus is establishing Energy Academies across the UK by 2025. These Academies will provide essential skills training for assessors and installers of net-zero technologies, including solar power, electric vehicles and heat pumps. In addition, the Academies will offer job opportunities, energy advice and consultancy solutions related to retrofitting homes for energy efficiency.[24][25]

De-listing

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As chief executive officer, Reed delisted Reed Executive from the UK Stock Exchange in 2003, buying back the company for 140p per share and a valuation of £62.6m.[16][26] Some financial commentators claimed the Reed family took advantage of a lull in the firm's share price following a cyclical slump and the controversy around the spin-off of Reed Health. Reed launched a hostile takeover of Reed Health two years later, bringing the company back under the family's control. According to Reed, the firm was delisted because it no longer required outside capital; Reed's father suggested in his autobiography that the de-listing was caused in part by the publication of the Higgs and Cadbury reports, which called for greater restrictions on public company governance.[14]

Reed.co.uk

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Reed.co.uk was the first recruitment website offered by a recruitment agency in the UK.[27] It launched in 1995 with 40 vacancies. It now hosts over 3.3 million jobs per year.[28] The company's first website was suggested and built by a young IT contractor nicknamed "Pancake the Clown", after the contractor's sideline business as a children's entertainer. Reed later said: "The truth of the matter is, I got Pancake the Clown to build our first prototype."[29]

Reed has also spoken of being "horrified" when a young member of staff suggested that the website should offer vacancies advertised by rival recruitment firms. Reed would go on to approve the experiment; the scheme began in May 2000 and by November of the same year over 2000 rival firms had registered on the site. Reed would go on to credit the idea as being the foundation of the firm's online strategy. The junior employee earned a £100,000 bonus for his suggestion.[30]

Media commentary

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Reed frequently comments in the media on employment issues, including the green skills gap,[25] wages,[31][32][33] apprenticeships,[34][35] automation,[36] working in retirement,[37] employee engagement,[38] prisoner/ex-prisoner employment[39] and tax reform for family businesses. He has argued that state contracts should not go to corporations that deliberately delay payments to creditors, comparing such firms to "drunk drivers".[40][41] He has encouraged school-leavers to consider work rather than further study after finishing school.[42][43][44] Reed supports remote work arrangements.[45]

In 2022, Reed correctly predicted that the UK would avoid a recession, contradicting the Bank of England's forecast of an economic downturn. However, in July 2023, Reed warned that a recession may be imminent, pointing to declining job postings as an indicator of economic contraction, again contrary to official projections.[46]

Reed is a fellow of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). He was formerly an associate of the Prime Minister's Delivery Unit and a member of the IPPR's Taskforce on Race Equality and Diversity in the Private Sector.[47]

Television appearances

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Reed often appears in television and online commercials for the Reed Group, in support of its ongoing Love Mondays campaign.

Between 2008 and 2018, he appeared in a series of commercials alongside the actor and comedian Rufus Jones. Jones plays Reed as a caricature of a superhero who transforms job seekers into their ideal role.[48] In one advert Reed makes a cameo appearance as an ice-cream seller who is then transformed into a nightclub DJ. The adverts have received more than 73 million YouTube views.[49] Some adverts have been directed by the previous year's winners of Reed's annual Short Film Competition.[50]

Reed has appeared in Series 11, 13 and 15 of BBC TV's The Apprentice.

Philanthropy

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Reed is a trustee of several Reed family charitable initiatives, including the Reed Foundation and The Big Give Trust. The Big Give is sponsored and supported by the Reed Foundation, which was gifted an 18% stake in Reed Group by the Reed family, leading The Guardian newspaper to write that Reed employees "...effectively work one day a week to fund good causes".[51]

The Big Give Trust is chaired by Reed and has helped to raise over £284m for UK-registered charities. It was founded by Reed's father, Sir Alec Reed, in 2007.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Reed re-launched the Keep Britain Working campaign following its initial launch in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. Alongside Lord Sugar, Lord Bamford, Luke Johnson, James Timpson and others, Reed called upon CEOs to protect jobs by sacrificing management salaries and company profit. During the campaign Reed declined his salary from the family business. He also donated £100,000 from personal funds to the National Emergencies Trust (NET), which was matched by a £100,000 donation from the Reed Foundation via The Big Give, whose campaign for NET raised £1.36m in total.[52]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, The Big Give raised over £3.67m for the Disasters Emergency Committee Ukraine Humanitarian Appeal. In the same year, The Big Give raised £1.8m for women & girls charities.[53]

In January 2022 Reed signed the Armed Forces Covenant on behalf of Reed Recruitment, in support of current and former service personnel in their transition away from the military.[54]

In a 2023 interview with The Times, Reed called on the UK's wealthiest 1% to give more to charitable causes, stating: “There needs to be a call to arms for the wealthy…the first place to look is in the mirror, isn’t it?" [55]

Reed aims to broaden the reach of The Big Give beyond the UK. During an interview with Spears in March 2023, he expressed his desire to recruit affluent families and charitable institutions from other countries, offering them a "starter kit" to create localized versions of The Big Give.[11]

Grenfell Tower appeal

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Reed's family home in London is within sight of Grenfell Tower. After witnessing the Grenfell Tower fire, Reed set up a Big Give charity appeal that raised £1m within 48 hours of the disaster. The appeal went on to raise £2.6m. Reed donated £100,000 of his own money and the Reed Foundation donated a further £100,000, alongside donations made by members of the public, businesses and local organisations. The proceeds were donated to The K&C Foundation. Reed called for some of the appeal proceeds to be spent on an educational centre for local residents to learn coding and other digital skills.[56][57]

Publications

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Put Your Mindset to Work

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Co-authored by Reed and Harvard lecturer Paul G. Stoltz, Put Your Mindset to Work was published by Portfolio Penguin in May 2011. The book highlights the importance of an employee's mindset, observing that 97% of employers value mindset over skill. The book identifies three elements of a desirable mindset, namely Global, Good and Grit. A Global executive sets their actions and decisions in a global context; a Good executive is sensitive to others and seeks to do good; an executive with Grit is tenacious in the workplace.[58]

The title entered the USA Today best-seller list in June 2011.[59] It won a CMI Management Book of the Year Award, in the Commuters' Read category.[60] A second edition was published in August 2013, with endorsements from Timpson CEO James Timpson, Gordon Roddick and management author Jim Kouzes.

Why You: 101 Interview Questions You'll Never Fear Again

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Reed's second book with Penguin Portfolio is based on input from his network of hirers, recruiters and interviewees. Reed argues all interview questions are variations on 15 themes, referred to as "The Fateful Fifteen". He goes on to caution against relying on scripted answers alone, citing the interviewer's desire for a spontaneous and authentic conversation. The book was awarded a "Highly Recommended" by Bookbag.co.uk; the Notting Hill Post described it as "...essential reading".[61][62]

The 7-Second CV: How to Land the Interview

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The title refers to the extremely short amount of time that Reed suggests recruiters spend reading a CV. Reed offers advice on presenting an immediately-impactful CV, honing a unique selling point and the role of social media profiles. The book was endorsed by Lord Sugar.[63]

The Happy Recruiter

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In June 2019 Reed published The Happy Recruiter, a short book offering career advice for professional recruiters.[64]

Life’s Work: 12 Proven Ways to Fast-Track Your Career

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Published in January 2020, Life's Work is aimed at those about to choose or switch career. Reed argues that successful careers are built on ambition, positivity, self-knowledge and self-discipline. Successful executives tend to be sociable and gregarious - but also “sustainably selfish”, establishing personal boundaries to protect against burnout. Reed also emphasises the importance of working in high-growth sectors, where personal progress is propelled by structural change - a phenomenon Reed likens to Poohsticks.[65]

In a 2020 interview with Management Today, Reed described Dale Carnegie's How To Win Friends And Influence People as the business book that "...resonated most with me".[66]

Personal life

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Reed is married to the artist, beekeeper and whisky entrepreneur Nicola Arkell Reed.[67] The couple live in London and Wiltshire and have six children.[68] His hobbies include running, riding and driving horses, football and mountaineering.[69][9] Reed rides a Vespa to work.[51] He has participated in two of Reed's annual Alpine Leadership Challenges, led by the alpinist Stefan Gatt.

Reed has identified his father as the person he most admires in the recruitment industry, and King Alfred the Great as his boyhood hero.[70]

Honours and awards

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In 2019 Reed was voted top recruitment CEO on Glassdoor's Employees' Choice awards, and 20th CEO across all industries.[71][72] In the same year he was named in the Europe Staffing 100 list of recruitment professionals, published by Staffing Industry Analysis.[73] In 2020 CEO Today magazine named Reed in its list of notable CEOs.[74] In 2021 the TIARA Recruitment Awards added Reed to the Saffery Champness Hall of Fame, for his contribution to the recruitment industry.[75]

Reed was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours for services to business and charity.[76][77] He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (FCIPD).

References

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  1. ^ Lepper, Joe (15 March 2023). "Match funding charity sets £1bn fundraising target by 2030". Charity Times. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  2. ^ Ricketts, Andy. "Big Give Christmas Challenge raises record £33m in a week". www.thirdsector.co.uk. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  3. ^ Reed, James (22 April 2024). "How to make an effective change this World Earth Day". CityAM. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  4. ^ Teather, David (3 June 2010). "Alec and James Reed: recruitment is just the job for father and son". The Guardian.
  5. ^ James Reed; Anne Donnelon; Nicholas Richardson. "In the Shadow of the City". HBR.Org. Harvard. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  6. ^ "My money… James Reed". Metro Newspaper UK. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  7. ^ Davies, Clancy (22 November 2000). "Twenty Questions: James Reed, Chief Executive, Reed Executive". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  8. ^ "My first boss: recruitment supremo James Reed on Anita Roddick". news.yahoo.com. 10 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  9. ^ a b Doke, DeeDee. "Venturing into fresh fishing grounds". Recruiter. Redactive Publishing Limited. Retrieved 29 July 2014. She brought huge energy into her work and loved what she did. She also had incredible attention to detail.
  10. ^ "James Reed: The man who took recruitment online". Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  11. ^ a b "James Reed: I don't understand why people donate directly to charity". spearswms.com. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  12. ^ Reed, James (23 December 1987). "How The Stinger has transformed the Afghan War". The Independent.
  13. ^ Jones, Lyndsey (22 April 1988). "Behind Enemy Lines: Relief worker's close-up view of the Afghan war". Retrieved 29 July 2014. One of the officers told me to wear Afghan clothes and a turban and pretend to be asleep on the bus...so that's what I did and it was quite easy
  14. ^ a b Alec Reed; Judi Bevan (5 January 2012). I Love Mondays: The autobiography of Sir Alec Reed CBE. Profile Books. pp. 130–131. ISBN 978-1-84765-767-1.
  15. ^ Best of the guest (27 June 2014). "Best of the Guests". Business Shapers. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  16. ^ a b Teather, David (3 June 2010). "Alec and James Reed: recruitment is just the job for father and son". The Guardian. Scott Trust. "It was quite a big deal for me. I was only 34 and it was a bit sooner than I had expected
  17. ^ Colin Barrow; Robert Brown; Liz Clarke (2004). The Business Enterprise Handbook. Kogan Page Publishers. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-7494-4100-5. Retrieved 4 August 2014. You know the MD won't be headhunted
  18. ^ Hirschkorn, Jenny (April 2002). "Interview: A Family Affair". Accountancy Live. Wolters Kluwer. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  19. ^ Alec Reed; Judi Bevan (5 January 2012). I Love Mondays: The autobiography of Sir Alec Reed CBE. Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-84765-767-1.
  20. ^ Duff, Charlie (20 July 2010). "James Reed: The three Rs - recruitment, retention and relationships". HR Zone. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  21. ^ "Ten Minutes with….James Reed". 24 January 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  22. ^ Christie, Sophie (4 September 2018). "Taking over from a CEO: How to make a success of succession". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  23. ^ "Reed Global Limited, Companies House filing". Companies House. 30 June 2023.
  24. ^ Lea, Robert (17 July 2023). "Reed shows a degree of common sense". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  25. ^ a b Reed (17 July 2023). "Retrofit skills gap threatens UK's net-zero target". FE News. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  26. ^ "Reed Executive to go private". StockMarketWire.com. 4 April 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2014. Due to negative market sentiment towards smaller quoted companies and the increasing illiquidity of the Reed Ordinary Shares, the directors of James Reed & Partners believe that the benefits to the company of maintaining its listing have been significantly eroded.
  27. ^ "E-MAIL US YOUR CV, PLEASE". Management Today. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  28. ^ Tyler, Richard. "Workers now hold the power in jobs market, says recruitment boss James Reed". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  29. ^ "Business Shapers – James Reed". JazzFM. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  30. ^ Doke, DeeDee (31 July 2004). "Venturing into fresh fishing grounds". Recruiter.co.uk. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  31. ^ "A price war looks imminent, and the losers will be workers". CityAM. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  32. ^ Forsdick, Sam (17 November 2022). "Reed's CEO foresees a 'two-speed workforce' in the UK as recession beckons". Raconteur. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  33. ^ Barr, Luke (3 December 2023). "Minimum wage rise risks redundancies, warns recruitment giant". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  34. ^ "'Apprenticeship system still not fit for purpose'". www.ftadviser.com. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  35. ^ "A society that truly embraces apprenticeships will revolutionise work". Tes. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  36. ^ "Don't fear the rise of the machine says James Reed | Recruiter". www.recruiter.co.uk. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  37. ^ "Rising cost of living forcing retirees back to work, says Britain's biggest recruiter". MSN. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  38. ^ "The two principles of great employee engagement". www.managementtoday.co.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  39. ^ Warrell, Helen (3 October 2011). "Give prisoners better chance to find work, say company chiefs". Financial Times. Pearson. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  40. ^ Reed, James (28 February 2018). "End the scandal of 90-day payments: What we must learn from the Carillion collapse". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  41. ^ Haworth, Elliott (5 February 2018). "Firms 'doing a Carillion' will murder small businesses, says REED chairman". City A.M. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  42. ^ "CEO Today Magazine March 2018 Edition". FlippingBook. 19 March 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  43. ^ "Jobs boss: Talented teens don't all need university". Evening Standard. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  44. ^ Reed, James. "Why summer work experience is so important". FE News. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  45. ^ Tyler, Richard. "What I learnt . . . by prioritising listening". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  46. ^ "England's Falling Job Advertisements Ring a Recession Alarm". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  47. ^ "Reed.co.uk Election interviews". Retrieved 31 July 2014 – via YouTube.
  48. ^ "Reed.co.uk launches major TV campaign". OnRec.com. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  49. ^ "Analytics for ReedOnline". YouTube. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  50. ^ "Street 40". 10 September 2013. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2014 – via YouTube. 4m23s
  51. ^ a b "James Reed: the recruitment boss cleaning up in the 'great resignation'". the Guardian. 11 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  52. ^ "Bosses must give up pay, says head of jobs website". CharityToday.co.uk. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  53. ^ "DEC Ukraine Humanitarian Appeal". donate.thebiggive.org.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  54. ^ Newsdesk (17 March 2022). "Sign Up". The Global Recruiter. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  55. ^ Kellett, Francisca. "The man who revolutionised philanthropy". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  56. ^ "Reed Chairman makes plea to push The Big Give matching fund for Grenfell Tower victims to £3m". City Philanthropy. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  57. ^ "Big Give Grenfell appeal raises £2.6m: its biggest ever total for an individual cause". UK Fundraising. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  58. ^ Chynoweth, Carly (6 June 2011). "Attitude is worth more than skills". SundayTimes.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2014. Back in the worst days of the financial crisis in 2008 I went to a seminar and one of the speakers said 'the problem is we don't know what skills will be most in demand in 10 years'. I remember thinking 'no, of course we don't, but I do know the people I will want to hire', and it was all about mindset."
  59. ^ "Put Your Mindset to Work". USA Today. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  60. ^ "CMI: Management Book of the Year 2012 – Dame Mary Marsh". CMI. February 2012. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2014 – via YouTube.
  61. ^ Mary-Lu Bakker. "HOW TO BE A GOOD INTERVIEWEE … BUT DON'T FORGET YOUR SHIRT". The Notting Hill Post. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  62. ^ Lesley Mason. "Why You? 101 Interview Questions You'll Never Fear Again by James Reed". TheBookbag.co.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  63. ^ "Dreaming of a new job for 2019? Tear up that old CV and take some expert advice". Metro Newspaper UK. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  64. ^ Grapevine, Recruitment. "Exclusive: Reed Group CEO shares what recruiters need for success". www.recruitmentgrapevine.com. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  65. ^ Lynch, Andrew (12 January 2020). "Interview: James Reed on his 'family' that's fully invested in work". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0956-1382. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  66. ^ "Read like a CEO: James Reed". www.managementtoday.co.uk. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  67. ^ "What's the buzz about whisky in Wiltshire?". Financial Times. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  68. ^ "Robert Elms - Listed Londoner: James Reed - BBC Sounds". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  69. ^ "What I'm Reading - FTAdviser". FTAdviser.com.
  70. ^ Jacobs, Emma (July 2011). "20 questions: James Reed". Financial Times. Pearson. Retrieved 31 July 2014. My boyhood hero, King Alfred the Great. He wasn't very good about the house but he transformed the country for the better and gave the Vikings a good thrashing.
  71. ^ "James Reed recognised as highest-ranking recruitment CEO in UK". Recruitment International. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  72. ^ "Top CEOs UK". Glassdoor. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  73. ^ "James Reed". Europe Staffing 100. Staffing Industry Analysis. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  74. ^ "CEO UK Awards 2020". CEOTodayMagazine.com. Universal Media. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  75. ^ Arnold, Sarah (21 October 2021). "TIARA 2021 Recruitment Awards winners crowned at live gala dinner". TIARA Recruitment Awards - UK&I. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  76. ^ "No. 63918". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2022. p. N10.
  77. ^ Coyle, Simon (30 December 2022). "The King's New Years Honours list 2023 in full". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
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