Timeline of Nicosia

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nicosia, Cyprus.

Prior to 14th century

7th C. BCE - City-kingdom called "Ledra."^[1]^[2]
280 BCE - Leucos, son of Ptolemy I Soter restored it and "changed its name to Leuteon, Leucotheon or Levcosia".^[2]
4th C. CE - Bishopric established.^[1]
10th C. CE - City becomes capital of island (approximate date); city called "Lefkosia."^[1]
1187 - Nicosia besieged by forces of Richard I of England.^{[citation needed]}
1192
- 11 April: Uprising against Knights Templar.
- City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Cyprus under the French Lusignans.^[1]
1211 - Royal Palace of the Lusignans rebuilt.^[3]

14th–18th centuries

1308 - Notre Dame de Tyre rebuilt.
1326 - Agia Sofia Cathedral inaugurated.^[2]
1330 - 10 November: Flood.^[4]
1372 - City walls built.^[4]
1489 - Venetians in power.^[1]
1491 - Earthquake.^[4]
1567 - Area of city reduced;^[2] Venetian walls and Kyrenia Gate built.
1570
- 9 September: City besieged; Turks in power.^[4]
- 15 September: Selimiye Mosque established.^[4]
1572 - Büyük Han built.^[5]
1573 - Great Madrasah (school) built.
1665 - Saint John's Cathedral built.^[1]
1793 - Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios Mansion built.

19th century

1812
- Ethnographic Museum of Cyprus founded.^[2]
- Hellenic School of Nicosia founded.
1857 - Faneromeni School established.
1859 - 29 October: Flood.^[4]
1863 - Rüşdiye (school) opens.^[6]
1872 - Faneromeni Church built.
1878 - City becomes capital of British Cyprus per Cyprus Convention.^[1]
1882 - Christodoulos Severis becomes mayor of Nicosia Municipality.
1883 - Cyprus Museum established.^[7]
1885 - Population: 11,513.^[8]
1892 - Sourp Boghos (chapel) built.

20th century

1901 - Population: 14,752.^[2]
1912 - Population: 16,400.^[3]
1915 - Venetian Column installed in Sarayonu Square.^[1]
1926 - Football Club of Greeks of Nicosia formed.
1927 - Public Library of Nicosia established.^[9]
1931
- Greek Cypriot Enosis unrest.
- Olympiakos Nicosia football club formed.
1933 - Criminal Museum founded.
1937
- Cyprus Folk Museum founded.
- Government House rebuilt.
1939 - Nicosia General Hospital inaugurated.
1945 - Cyprus Mail English-language newspaper begins publication.
1946 - Population: 34,485.^[10]
1948 - Athletic Club Omonia Nicosia (football club) formed.
1949
- Ledra Palace Hotel in business.^[1]
- Neos dēmokratēs newspaper begins publication.^[11]
- Nicosia Airport terminal building opens.
1955 - National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters attack British properties.
1956
- Archbishop's Palace built.
- Fence erected between Greek and Turkish communities.^[12]
1958 - Nicosia Turkish Municipality established.^[12]
1959 - Diomedes Skettos becomes mayor.

1960s–1970s

1960
- City becomes capital of Republic of Cyprus.
- Makhi newspaper begins publication.
- Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios Mansion (museum) opens.
1963
- City divided by the Green Line.^[12]
- Central Bank of Cyprus headquartered in city.
1967
- Nicosia Municipal Theatre opens.^[13]
- 20 April: Airplane crash.
1969
- Nicosia municipal gardens laid out.
- Cyprus Popular Bank branch opens.^{[citation needed]}
1970 - Theatrical Organization of Cyprus established.
1971 - Lellos Demetriades becomes mayor.
1974
- 15 July: 1974 Cypriot coup d'état at Presidential Palace.
- 20 July: Turkish invasion.^[14]
- Battle of Nicosia Airport
- 14 August: Turks in power in northern quarter of Nicosia.
- 16 August: Tank battle in northern quarter of Nicosia.
- United Nations Buffer Zone established.^[12]
- United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus headquartered in Lakatamia.
- Christoforos Kithreotis becomes mayor, succeeded by Lellos Demetriades.
1975 - North Nicosia becomes capital of de facto Turkish Federated State of Cyprus.
1977
- Nicosia International Airport commercial flights end.
- Presidential Palace rebuilt.
1978 - Makario Stadium opens.

1980s–1990s

1980
- Lefkotheo sports arena and Pantheon Cineplex open.^[15]
- University of Nicosia established.
1982 - Population: 180,000 (estimate).^[16]
1983 - North Nicosia becomes capital of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
1984 - Leventis Municipal Museum of Nicosia established.
1985 - State Library of Cyprus opens.^[9]
1989 - University of Cyprus established.
1994 - Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre inaugurated.^[17]
1995 - Museum of the History of Cypriot Coinage established.^[18]
1996
- Cyprus Stock Exchange headquartered in city.
- Cyprus Museum of Natural History inaugurated.^[19]
- Shacolas Tower built.
1999 - GSP Stadium opens.

21st century

2001
- Nicosia Master Plan enacted (urban planning).^[12]
- Population: 254,032 (estimate: 206,200 Greek side; 47,832 Turkish side).^[20]
2002 - Kutlay Erk becomes mayor of North Nicosia.
2003 - 23 April: Green Line checkpoint at Ledra Palace established.^[21]^[22]
2004
- Cyprus International Film Festival begins.
- 1 May: Cyprus becomes part of the European Union.
2005 - Hamam Omerye Baths restored.^[23]
2006
- Cemal Metin Bulutoğluları becomes mayor of North Nicosia.
- Population: 398,293.
2008
- 3 April: Ledra Street crossing reopens.^[24]^[25]
- Intercultural Centre Nicosia established.^[26]
2011 - 15 October: Occupy Buffer Zone protest begins.
2012 - 2 January: Constantinos Yiorkadjis becomes mayor.^[27]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Farid Mirbagheri (2009), Historical Dictionary of Cyprus, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810855267
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Britannica 1910.
^ ^a ^b Baedeker 1912.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Joseph Turner Hutchinson; Claude Delaval Cobham (1907), A Handbook of Cyprus, London: Edward Stanford, OL 14010779M
^ Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006), Medieval Islamic Civilization, Routledge, ISBN 9780415966917
^ Netice Yıldız (2009), "The Vakf Institution in Ottoman Cyprus", in Michalis N. Michael; et al. (eds.), Ottoman Cyprus, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, ISBN 9783447058995
^ John Linton Myres; Max Ohnefalsch-Richter (1899), Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum, Oxford: Clarendon Press, OL 7172407M
^ Cyprus guide and directory. Limassol: J.W. Williamson. 1885.
^ ^a ^b World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). American Library Association. 1993. ISBN 9780838906095.
^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
^ "Nicosia (Cyprus) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Oktay 2007.
^ "Four hundred productions: A review of the plays staged by the Cyprus Theatre Organisation". Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ "The Nicosia Battle Scene: Shells, Bombs, Paratroops", New York Times, 21 July 1974
^ "Cinemas in Cyprus". CyprusNet.com. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre". Lefkosia: Pierides Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012.
^ "Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation". Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ "Cyprus Museum of Natural History". Photiades Natural Museum. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ Stanley 2008.
^ "Emotion as Cyprus border opens". BBC News. 23 April 2003. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
^ "Nicosia Journal; On a Severed Street in Cyprus, the Healing Begins". New York Times. 9 May 2003.
^ ArchNet.org. "Nicosia District". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ "Symbolic Cyprus crossing reopens". BBC News. 3 April 2008.
^ "Edging Closer in Cyprus's Divided Capital". New York Times. 18 May 2008.
^ "Intercultural Centre Nicosia". European Urban Knowledge Network. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ "Constantinos Yiorkadjis". Nicosia Municipality. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

This article incorporates information from the Turkish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nicosia", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Franz von Löher; Mrs. A. Batson Joyner (1878), "Nikosia", Cyprus, Historical and Descriptive, London: W.H. Allen, OCLC 156001455
"Nicosia". Bradshaw's Monthly Continental Railway, Steam Transit, and General Guide, for Travellers Through Europe. London: Adams & Sons. 1887.

Published in 20th century

"Nicosia (Cyprus)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 665.
"Nikosia", Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912
A. O. Green (1914), "(Nicosia)", Cyprus: a Short Account of its History and Present State, Kilmacolm, Scotland: M. Graham Coltart
A.L. Salvator (1983). Levkosia: The capital of Cyprus. London: Trigraph.
R. Zetter (1985). "City profile: Nicosia". Cities. 2. doi:10.1016/0264-2751(85)90059-9.
Kevor Krikor Keshishian (1990), Nicosia, Capital of Cyprus Then and Now (2nd ed.), Nicosia, Cyprus: Moufflon Book and Art Centre
B. Mumtaz (1998). "Revitalising Nicosia: A community- based approach to urban renovation". Trialog. 58.

Published in 21st century

G. Constantinides; G. Ozen (2004), Nicosia Master Plan - New Vision for the Core of Nicosia: Final Report, Nicosia: UNDP-UNOPS Programme Management Unit
Yiannis Papadakis (2006). "Nicosia after 1960: A River, A Bridge and a Dead Zone". GMJ: Mediterranean Edition. 1.
Derya Oktay (2007). "An Analysis and Review of the Divided City of Nicosia, Cyprus, and New Perspectives". Geography. 92. UK: Geographical Association.
"Liminal Zones: the Nicosia Seminar". Republic of Cyprus, Council for Reconstruction and Resettlement. 2008.
Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Nicosia", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 275+, ISBN 9781576079195
Gisela Welz (2013). "Lefkosia/Lefkosa: Europeanisation and the politics of culture in a divided city". In Kiran Klaus Patel (ed.). Cultural Politics of Europe: European Capitals of Culture and European Union Since the 1980s. Routledge. p. 198+. ISBN 9780203081082.
Birtachas, Stathis, Κοινωνία, πολιτισμός και διακυβέρνηση στο βενετικό Κράτος της Θάλασσας: Το παράδειγμα της Κύπρου [Society, Culture and Government in the Venetian Maritime State: The case of Cyprus], Thessaloniki: Vanias, 2011. [in Greek]
Birtachas, Stathis, Βενετική Κύπρος (1489–1571): Οι Εκθέσεις των αξιωματούχων του ανώτατου διοικητικού σχήματος της κτήσης / Venetian Cyprus: The Reports by the dominion’s supreme administrative officials, Thessaloniki: Epikentro, 2019. [bilingual edition]

External links

"History of Nicosia". Nicosia Municipality.
Europeana. Items related to Nicosia, various dates.
Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Nicosia, various dates

[mirbagheri2009-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Farid Mirbagheri (2009), Historical Dictionary of Cyprus, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810855267

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Britannica 1910.

[FOOTNOTEBaedeker1912-3] Baedeker 1912.

[hutchinson1907-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Joseph Turner Hutchinson; Claude Delaval Cobham (1907), A Handbook of Cyprus, London: Edward Stanford, OL 14010779M

[5] Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006), Medieval Islamic Civilization, Routledge, ISBN 9780415966917

[6] Netice Yıldız (2009), "The Vakf Institution in Ottoman Cyprus", in Michalis N. Michael; et al. (eds.), Ottoman Cyprus, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, ISBN 9783447058995

[7] John Linton Myres; Max Ohnefalsch-Richter (1899), Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum, Oxford: Clarendon Press, OL 7172407M

[8] Cyprus guide and directory. Limassol: J.W. Williamson. 1885.

[ala1993-9] World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). American Library Association. 1993. ISBN 9780838906095.

[10] "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.

[worldcat-11] "Nicosia (Cyprus) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[FOOTNOTEOktay2007-12] Oktay 2007.

[13] "Four hundred productions: A review of the plays staged by the Cyprus Theatre Organisation". Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[14] "The Nicosia Battle Scene: Shells, Bombs, Paratroops", New York Times, 21 July 1974

[15] "Cinemas in Cyprus". CyprusNet.com. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[16] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[17] "Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre". Lefkosia: Pierides Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012.

[18] "Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation". Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[19] "Cyprus Museum of Natural History". Photiades Natural Museum. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[FOOTNOTEStanley2008-20] Stanley 2008.

[21] "Emotion as Cyprus border opens". BBC News. 23 April 2003. Retrieved 21 July 2012.

[22] "Nicosia Journal; On a Severed Street in Cyprus, the Healing Begins". New York Times. 9 May 2003.

[archnet-23] ArchNet.org. "Nicosia District". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[bbc-ledra-24] "Symbolic Cyprus crossing reopens". BBC News. 3 April 2008.

[25] "Edging Closer in Cyprus's Divided Capital". New York Times. 18 May 2008.

[26] "Intercultural Centre Nicosia". European Urban Knowledge Network. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[27] "Constantinos Yiorkadjis". Nicosia Municipality. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

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Prior to 14th century

14th–18th centuries

19th century

20th century

1960s–1970s

1980s–1990s

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links