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Anas Sarwar

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Anas Sarwar
MSP
Official portrait, 2017
Leader of the Scottish Labour Party
Assumed office
27 February 2021
DeputyJackie Baillie
UK party leaderKeir Starmer
Preceded byRichard Leonard
Acting
24 October 2014 – 13 December 2014
UK party leaderEd Miliband
Preceded byJohann Lamont
Succeeded byJim Murphy
Deputy Leader of the Scottish Labour Party
In office
17 December 2011 – 13 December 2014
LeaderJohann Lamont
Preceded byJohann Lamont
Succeeded byKezia Dugdale
Shadow Minister for International Development
In office
5 November 2014 – 8 May 2015
LeaderEd Miliband
Preceded byAlison McGovern
Succeeded byMike Kane
Parliamentary offices
Member of the Scottish Parliament
for Glasgow
(1 of 7 Regional MSPs)
Assumed office
5 May 2016
Member of Parliament
for Glasgow Central
In office
6 May 2010 – 30 March 2015
Preceded byMohammad Sarwar
Succeeded byAlison Thewliss
Scottish Labour portfolios
2016–2018Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport
2020–2021Shadow Cabinet Secretary for the Constitution
Personal details
Born (1983-03-14) 14 March 1983 (age 41)
Glasgow, Scotland
Political partyScottish Labour & Co-operative
Spouse
Furheen Ashrif
​
(m. 2006)​
Children3
RelativesMohammad Sarwar (father)
EducationHutchesons' Grammar School
Alma materUniversity of Glasgow
Signature
Websiteanassarwar.co.uk Edit this at Wikidata

Anas Sarwar (born 14 March 1983) is a Scottish Labour and Co-operative politician who has served as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party since 2021. He has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow region since 2016, having been Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Central from 2010 to 2015.

Born in Glasgow to Pakistani Muslim parents, Sarwar was privately educated at the independent Hutchesons' Grammar School and studied general dentistry at the University of Glasgow. He worked in Paisley as a dentist until being elected as Member of Parliament for Glasgow Central at the 2010 general election when he succeeded his retiring father, Chaudhry Sarwar. During his time in the House of Commons, he served as Deputy Leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2011 to 2014.

Sarwar lost his seat to the Scottish National Party (SNP) at the 2015 general election. He was elected at the 2016 Scottish Parliament election on the Glasgow regional list. Having been defeated in the 2017 Scottish Labour leadership election by Richard Leonard, he was elected as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party in the 2021 leadership election. Sarwar led Scottish Labour into the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, which saw Scottish Labour remain in opposition with two fewer Labour MSPs than at the previous election. He was defeated by incumbent First Minister Nicola Sturgeon in Glasgow Southside but was returned on the Glasgow regional list.

Early life and career

[edit]

Anas Sarwar was born on 14 March 1983 in Glasgow, the youngest of four children. His parents were Perveen Sarwar and Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar Arain, both Pakistani Muslims.[1][2][3] He attended Hutchesons' Grammar School, a private school in Glasgow, before completing a degree in general dentistry at the University of Glasgow from 2000 to 2005.[4] While a student, he joined marches against the Iraq War.[5] He worked as an NHS dentist in Paisley from 2005 until 2009.[4]

Early political career

[edit]

Sarwar began campaigning for the Labour Party as a child of "nine or ten" and joined the party at the age of fifteen or sixteen.[3][4][5] His father was elected as the Labour MP for Glasgow Govan in 1997, becoming the UK's first Muslim MP.[6] In that year, Sarwar received an envelope containing a threat against his mother.[7] Sarwar served as an executive member of Scottish Young Labour and later joined the Co-operative Party, a party which stands candidates jointly with the Labour Party, as well as the Fabian Society, the trades unions Unite and Community, and the pressure group Progress.[8][9] He served as vice-chair of Progress in 2011.[8]

Sarwar was selected as the lead regional list candidate for the Glasgow Scottish Parliament electoral region for the 2007 election.[6] He was a member of Labour's Scottish Policy Forum which was responsible for drawing-up the Scottish Labour Party manifesto for that election. He was not elected, later saying that standing as a list candidate had been a chance "to prove himself", and that he had had "no chance" of success given his party's success in winning constituency seats under the additional member system.[3][10]

Member of Parliament (2010–2015)

[edit]
Margaret Curran, Anas Sarwar, Johann Lamont and Gordon Brown at the launch of United with Labour

Sarwar's father announced his retirement as the MP for Glasgow Central in February 2007.[11] Later that year, Sarwar was selected as the Labour candidate for the seat at the 2010 United Kingdom general election. Despite Labour's loss of power at that general election, Anas Sarwar emphasised his independence and differentiated himself from his father's politics. The Guardian described him as positioning himself on the "moderate left" of the Labour Party, supporting electoral reform for the House of Commons, reforming the House of Lords to have a majority of elected seats but with some seats remaining appointed, and reducing the scale of the UK's nuclear deterrant. He opposed privatisation of the NHS but supported the use of private finance initiative schemes to build schools.[3] He won the election with 52.0% of the vote, an increase on the previous vote share and majority.[12][13][14]

He was elected by colleagues to serve on the International Development Select Committee. He said that his parliamentary interests included foreign policy and international development, and that he wanted to "use his parliamentary platform to make a difference on" conflicts in Palestine and Kashmir.[15] In December 2011, Sarwar was elected as Deputy Leader of the Scottish Labour Party receiving 51.1% of the vote.[16] In January 2013, he was awarded the Politician of The Year Award at the British Muslim Awards.[17] In 2013, Sarwar took a strong line in attacking both the "bedroom tax" and accused the Scottish Government of failure to mitigate its worst effects. During a vote on its repeal, Sarwar was overseas in Pakistan, giving a speech to students at Hajvery University, and so was paired with a Conservative MP, cancelling out the two votes. He was criticised for his absence by the Scottish National Party.[18][19] In 2014, Sarwar was criticised by SNP politicians for sending his son to Hutchesons' Grammar School, a private school and the same school that he himself attended, instead of a state school.[20]

From November 2014 until May 2015, Sarwar served as Shadow Minister for International Development.[21] In January 2015, he was awarded the Spirit of Britain Award at that year's British Muslim Awards.[22]

In 2012, he was appointed to co-ordinate Scottish Labour's 2014 Scottish independence referendum campaign.[23] The campaign, alongside Better Together, was successful, with 55% of the electorate of Scotland voting to stay in the United Kingdom. The Leader of the Scottish Labour Party, Johann Lamont, resigned from the position on 25 October 2014, criticising the attitude of the Labour Party as a whole to the Scottish Labour Party and saying that Scottish Labour needed to be more autonomous. The Guardian reported that she felt like she needed to resign after the general secretary of Scottish Labour, Ian Price, was "removed from office without her being consulted".[24] Several Scottish Labour figures echoed her frustrations. Sarwar defended the UK-wide Labour Party, and said that Price "resigned from his position as general secretary and I think we should respect his position".[24] Following the resignation of Johann Lamont on 25 October 2014, Sarwar became acting leader until the new leader, Jim Murphy, was elected. On 30 October, he announced his resignation as deputy leader. At the 2015 general election, Sarwar lost his seat to Alison Thewliss of the SNP. Following that election, in what was a historic defeat for Labour, they were left with a single seat (Edinburgh South) after half a century of political domination of Scottish seats at Westminster.[25]

Member of the Scottish Parliament (2016–)

[edit]
Sarwar in the Scottish Parliament chamber, 2017

Sarwar was elected as an additional member in the 2016 Scottish Parliament election for the Glasgow region. In 2016, he was appointed as Scottish Labour's spokesperson for health and sport. Sarwar was opposed to leaving the European Union and said that the UK needed to stay in the single market in order to counter the Conservatives' austerity policies.[26] However, on BBC Radio 4 in April 2023 Sarwar, while expressing hope that Labour would do well in 2024 in the wake of the SNP's troubles, ruled out any plan to rejoin the EU, or to join its single market, or to join its customs union.[27] He sought advice from the police after creating a working group on Islamophobia.[5]

In September 2017, he announced he would run for the Scottish Labour leadership following the resignation of Kezia Dugdale.[28] He was characterised by opponents as being on the right of the Labour Party and a Blairite, which he repudiated, describing himself as a Brownite.[29] He called the Iraq War "the worst foreign policy decision in my lifetime".[30] He expressed support for UK-wide Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn's policies of "a £10 national living wage, public ownership of the railways, higher taxation for the rich and tougher laws on basic wages and employment rights".[29] He proposed a tax rate of 50p for earnings over £100,000 and cuts to income tax for earnings under £28,000, including a new 15p tax rate for lower earners.[31] His campaign emphasised equality over discussions of independence.[5] He defended sending his children to a private school, saying he and his wife had done what they "thought was best for [their] children".[29] Sarwar was criticised by opponents after it emerged that his family firm was advertising job vacancies with pay below the recommended living wage.[32][33] His opponent in the election, Richard Leonard, was on the left wing of the Labour Party. Leonard won the election with 56.7% of the vote. During the 2017 leadership election, Rutherglen councillor Davie McLachlan allegedly said "Scotland wouldn't vote for a brown Muslim Paki". In April 2019, Sarwar's case against McLachlan was due to be heard by the National Constitutional Committee but was dropped on a technicality, as Sarwar had not given his case within the required timescale. Leonard acknowledged the process was flawed and the committee would need to be reformed to avoid similar incidents.[34]

Sarwar was replaced as health and sport spokesperson by Monica Lennon in October 2018.[35] He said he had only learnt of the sacking on the social media platform Twitter.[36] In November 2019, Sarwar was given access to a leaked report from 2015 which had considered infection controls at Queen Elizabeth University Hospital to be at "high risk". 10-year-old patient Milly Main died in the hospital in 2017 from a water infection, while she was there to recover from leukaemia. Sarwar raised the leaked report's findings in a Scottish Parliament debate in which he criticised NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde for not closing certain hospital wards despite the report's findings. He requested on behalf of Main's mother, a constituent of his, a response from the first minister Nicola Sturgeon.[37] In November 2020, Sarwar was appointed as Scottish Labour's spokesperson for the constitution.[38]

Leader of the Scottish Labour Party

[edit]

Campaign and election

[edit]

Following the resignation of Richard Leonard in 2021, Sarwar was elected as leader of the Scottish Labour Party, winning 57.6% of the vote to Monica Lennon's 42.4%.[39] The Guardian described him as a centrist.[40] Despite having criticised Corbyn in the past, Sarwar insisted that his economic plans would be "even more progressive and radical" than those of Corbyn and the former shadow chancellor John McDonnell.[41] Sarwar and some reporters said this made him the first ethnic minority person to lead a major UK political party, although The Spectator pointed to political leaders of Jewish descent such as Benjamin Disraeli, Michael Howard and Ed Miliband whilst acknowledging he was the first Muslim and person of Asian descent.[42][43]

Leader of the Opposition

[edit]
Main article: Leader of the Opposition (Scotland)
Sarwar during First Minister's Questions as Scottish Labour leader and Leader of the Opposition, June 2024

The leader of the Scottish Conservatives, Douglas Ross, proposed a coalition of parties supporting Scotland remaining in the United Kingdom, which Sarwar rejected.[5] Sarwar called the United Kingdom "fundamentally broken", and said that there should be more devolution of power from Westminster to Holyrood, and from Holyrood to communities. He also confirmed Scottish Labour's opposition to renewing the Trident nuclear programme.[44]

As the leader of Scottish Labour in the run-up to the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, Sarwar pledged to reduce poverty and inequality in Scotland as part of his policy solutions to the aftermath of COVID-19 crisis.[45] In the run-up to the election, the Labour Party removed Hollie Cameron, a Labour candidate who said in an interview that Labour would support a second referendum on Scottish independence depending on timing, contrary to the party's policy. Sarwar was criticised for the decision by figures on the left of the Labour Party.[46]

In March 2022, Sarwar announced a policy of providing free residential care and free home care, alongside increasing care workers' wages to a minimum of £15 an hour.[47] Sarwar supports replacing the House of Lords with an elected senate that would represent nations and regions.[48] In November 2022, Declassified UK said that Sarwar was a member of the lobbying group British-American Project.[49][unreliable source?] In the same month, in an interview with The Times, he talked about the need for growth in order to deliver policies that improve equality and reduce poverty.[50]

During the Israel-Hamas war, Sarwar called for an immediate ceasefire, a policy at odds with that of UK-wide Labour leader Keir Starmer.[51]

2021 Scottish Parliament election

[edit]

Sarwar himself ran as both a list candidate and as constituency candidate for Glasgow Southside, which the first minister Nicola Sturgeon represented. The election saw the worst result for Scottish Labour since devolution, with two fewer Labour MSPs returned than at the previous election.[52] Although he was defeated by the incumbent first minister Nicola Sturgeon in Glasgow Southside, he was re-elected as a list MSP.[53] Sarwar ran as a Scottish Labour and Co-operative candidate for the first time in this election.[54]

Following the election, Scottish Labour became the third largest party in the Scottish Parliament, behind the Scottish National Party who formed the government, and the Scottish Conservatives who became the second largest party in parliament. In the 2021 election, Scottish Labour won 22 out of 129 seats.[55][56]

Labour independence supporters

[edit]

In January 2022, it was reported that the UK-wide Labour leader Keir Starmer was interested in allowing more supporters of independence to stand as Labour candidates. Sarwar said that candidates would need to stand on a platform of Scotland remaining in the UK, and that "when it comes to Scottish Labour, I’m in charge".[57]

2024 UK general election

[edit]

At the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the Labour won with a landslide victory, winning 411 seats across the United Kingdom,[58] with Scottish Labour winning 37 of the 57 Scottish seats in what was also considered a landslide.[59] Sarwar said "this is a historic day for Scotland and for the entire UK. People are waking up to the news that after 14 years of Conservative government, after 14 years of chaos and division, it has come to an end and Scotland and the UK has elected a Labour government".[60]

Personal life

[edit]

Sarwar is married to Furheen Sarwar, who works as an NHS dentist. The couple have three young children.[61][62] He owns a quarter share of his family's cash-and-carry wholesale business; his share was valued in 2016 as worth between £2.7 million and £4.8 million.[63] In September 2017, Sarwar transferred his shareholding to a discretionary trust for the benefit of his three children, so that he could not personally access the assets or dividends.[62]

He is the president of the Sarwar Foundation, and is teetotal.[64][65]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Anas Sarwar". Democracy Live. BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
  2. ^ "Who's Who". Ukwhoswho.com. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d Carrell, Severin (3 August 2009). "Dynastic Glaswegian keen to prove he is his own man". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  4. ^ a b c McGinnity, Paul (30 August 2010). "A question of politics". Scottish Dental magazine. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e "'Do people honestly think this is the easy road?' How Anas Sarwar became Scottish Labour leader". the Guardian. 30 March 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Biography " Anas Sarwar MP | Working Hard for Glasgow Central". Anassarwar.org. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  7. ^ Media, P. A. (27 February 2021). "Anas Sarwar: UK's first Muslim to lead a party follows in family footsteps". the Guardian. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Progress annual conference 2011 – Progress – News and debate from the progressive community". Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  9. ^ "Biography « Anas Sarwar MP | Working Hard for Glasgow Central". Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  10. ^ Peterkin, Tom (18 December 2011). "Anas Sarwar is the brightest of the bright young things". The Scotsman. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  11. ^ "Sarwar plans to stand down as MP". 22 June 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  12. ^ "The full story: Scotland's general election results". 6 May 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  13. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  14. ^ "UK Election results: Number of minority ethnic MPs almost doubles". the Guardian. 7 May 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  15. ^ Whitaker, Andrew (16 December 2012). "'I never thought I'd have to fight a political battle for my own country', says Labour MP". The Scotsman.
  16. ^ "Johann Lamont named new Scottish Labour leader". BBC News. 17 December 2011.
  17. ^ "Winners honoured at British Muslim Awards". Asian Image. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  18. ^ Ponsonby, G.A. (17 November 2013). "Why Scotland needs a strong independent online news media". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014.
  19. ^ Edward, Rhiannon (14 November 2013). "Scots Labour MPs slammed after bedroom tax no-show". The Scotsman.
  20. ^ Hutcheon, Paul (26 January 2014). "Labour's deputy leader under fire for sending son to Glasgow private school". The Herald. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  21. ^ "Anas Sarwar given new Labour international role". The Herald. 5 November 2014.
  22. ^ "British Muslim Awards 2015 finalists unveiled". Asian Image. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  23. ^ Ferguson, Mark (16 December 2012). "Anas Sarwar to co-ordinate Labour's Scottish Referendum Campaign". LabourList.
  24. ^ a b "Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar tries to heal rift with Westminster". the Guardian. 26 October 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  25. ^ "Election 2015 - BBC News". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  26. ^ Sarwar, Anas (13 October 2017). "Anas Sarwar: Tackling austerity means we must stay in the single market forever". LabourList. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  27. ^ Radio 4 interview on 20 April 2023.
  28. ^ "MSP Anas Sarwar launches Scottish Labour leadership bid". BBC News. 4 September 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  29. ^ a b c "Scottish Labour candidate Anas Sarwar laughs off 'neoliberal Blairite' tag". the Guardian. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  30. ^ Rampen, Julia (13 October 2017). "Scottish Labour leadership hopeful Anas Sarwar: "I'm the anti-establishment candidate"". New Statesman. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  31. ^ "Scottish Labour leader contender targets high earners with tax plan". the Guardian. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  32. ^ "Scottish Labour leadership: Anas Sarwar denies being 'one of the few'". BBC News. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  33. ^ "Anas Sarwar criticised by Nicola Sturgeon over pay". BBC News. 21 September 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  34. ^ Andrews, Kieran (2 May 2019). "Richard Leonard: Labour complaints procedure flawed". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  35. ^ "Scottish Labour leader sacks two MSPs in 'purge' reshuffle". the Guardian. 4 October 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  36. ^ BBC Scotland (4 October 2018). "Sarwar and Baillie out in Scottish Labour reshuffle". BBC News. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  37. ^ "'Milly would be here' had Glasgow hospital followed advice". BBC News. 29 November 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  38. ^ PA Media (16 November 2020). "Anas Sarwar returns to Labour frontbench in reshuffle". STV News.
  39. ^ Rodgers, Sienna (27 February 2021). "Anas Sarwar elected as new leader of Scottish Labour Party". LabourList. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  40. ^ "MSP Monica Lennon joins Anas Sarwar in race to lead Scottish Labour". the Guardian. 18 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  41. ^ Rodgers, Sienna (10 February 2021). "Sarwar: Scottish Labour's tax policies "will be more radical than Corbyn's"". LabourList. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  42. ^ Carrell, Severin (27 February 2021). "Anas Sarwar wins Scottish Labour leadership election". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  43. ^ Daisley, Stephen (27 February 2021). "Can Anas Sarwar save Scottish Labour?". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  44. ^ McLaughlin, Mark. "New Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar admits UK is 'fundamentally broken'". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  45. ^ McGrath, Megan (5 May 2021). "Blog: Anas Sarwar, Leader of Scottish Labour". The Poverty Alliance. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  46. ^ "Scottish Labour leader criticised over pro-independence candidate sacking". the Guardian. 10 March 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  47. ^ "Scottish Labour leader pledges nearly £1bn to provide free care for older people". the Guardian. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  48. ^ Stewart, Heather (4 July 2022). "Labour would scrap House of Lords, says Scottish party leader". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  49. ^ Kennard, Matt (24 November 2022). "The secretive US embassy-backed group cultivating the British left". Declassified UK. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  50. ^ Linklater, Magnus. "Anas Sarwar: Scottish Labour's time has come". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  51. ^ Carrell, Severin (2023), "Scottish Labour backs calls for full ceasefire in Israel-Hamas war", The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/nov/21/scottish-labour-backs-calls-for-full-ceasefire-in-israel-hamas-war (accessed: April 22 2024)
  52. ^ Hayes, Georgina (8 May 2021). "Scottish Labour records worst result since devolution but Sarwar optimistic party has 'credibility again'". The Telegraph. telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  53. ^ Davidson, Gina (1 March 2021). "Anas Sarwar reveals Labour frontbench to take party into election". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  54. ^ "Introducing your Scottish Parliament candidate". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  55. ^ "Scottish election 2021: Results in maps and charts". BBC News. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  56. ^ "2021 Scottish Parliament election results" (PDF). Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  57. ^ Andrews, Kieran. "Labour leaders at odds over pro-Union candidates choice". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  58. ^ "General election 2024 results". UK Parliament. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  59. ^ "Scotland election live: Labour celebrates after gains from SNP as Conservative leader Douglas Ross loses seat". BBC News. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  60. ^ "Scottish Labour leader hails 'historic day' after dramatic wins". BBC News. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  61. ^ "A question of politics". Scottish Dental magazine. 30 August 2010. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  62. ^ a b "Anas Sarwar relinquishes shares in family firm". BBC News. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  63. ^ Gordon, Tom (31 August 2017). "Labour frontrunner faces backlash over wealth, schooling and opposition to Corbyn". The Herald. Scotland. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  64. ^ Stephen, Phyllis (20 November 2020). "Church of Scotland makes significant contribution to Sarwar Foundation". The Edinburgh Reporter. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  65. ^ McLaughlin, Mark (10 April 2021). "Covid in Scotland: Anas Sarwar dismisses Labour adviser's pub reopening push". The Times. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
[edit]
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Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Glasgow Central
2010–2015 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Deputy Leader of the Scottish Labour Party
2011–2014 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Scottish Labour Party
2021–present 		Incumbent
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