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Radeon HD 4000 series

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ATI Radeon HD 4000 series
Release dateJune 16, 2008; 16 years ago (June 16, 2008)
CodenameRadeon R700 series
M9x series
ArchitectureTeraScale 1
Transistors
  • 242M 55 nm (RV710)
  • 514M 55 nm (RV730)
  • 826M 40 nm (RV740)
  • 956M 55 nm (RV770)
  • 959M 55 nm (RV790)
Cards
Entry-level4350, 4550, 4570
Mid-range4650, 4670, 4730, 4750, 4770
High-end4830, 4850, 4860, 4870
Enthusiast4890, 4850X2, 4870X2
API support
DirectXDirect3D 10.1[4]
Shader Model 4.1
OpenCLOpenCL 1.1[1]
OpenGLOpenGL 3.3[2][3]
History
PredecessorRadeon HD 3000 series
SuccessorRadeon HD 5000 series
Support status
Unsupported

The Radeon R700 is the engineering codename for a graphics processing unit series developed by Advanced Micro Devices under the ATI brand name. The foundation chip, codenamed RV770, was announced and demonstrated on June 16, 2008 as part of the FireStream 9250 and Cinema 2.0 initiative launch media event,[5] with official release of the Radeon HD 4800 series on June 25, 2008. Other variants include enthusiast-oriented RV790, mainstream product RV730, RV740 and entry-level RV710.

Its direct competition was nVidia's GeForce 200 series, which launched in the same month.

Architecture

[edit]

This article is about all products under the brand "Radeon HD 4000 Series". All products implement TeraScale 1 microarchitecture.

Execution units

[edit]

The RV770 extends the R600's unified shader architecture by increasing the stream processing unit count to 800 units (up from 320 units in the R600), which are grouped into 10 SIMD cores composed of 16 shader cores containing 4 FP MADD/DP ALUs and 1 MADD/transcendental ALU. The RV770 retains the R600's 4 Quad ROP cluster count, however, they are faster and now have dedicated hardware-based AA resolve in addition to the shader-based resolve of the R600 architecture. The RV770 also has 10 texture units, each of which can handle 4 addresses, 16 FP32 samples, and 4 FP32 filtering functions per clock cycle.[6]

Memory and internal buses

[edit]

RV770 features a 256-bit memory controller and is the first GPU to support GDDR5 memory, which runs at 900 MHz giving an effective transfer rate of 3.6 GHz and memory bandwidth of up to 115 GB/s. The internal ring bus from the R520 and R600 has been replaced by the combination of a crossbar and an internal hub.[7]

Video acceleration

[edit]

The SIP block UVD 2.0-2.2 implemented on the dies of all Radeon HD 4000 Series Desktop gpus, 48xx series is using uvd 2.0, 47xx-46xx-45xx-43xx series is using uvd 2.2.

Support is available for Microsoft Windows at release, for Linux with Catalyst 8.10. The free and open-source driver requires Linux kernel 3.10 in combination with Mesa 9.1 (exposed via the widely adopted VDPAU)[8]), offering full hardware MPEG-2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and VC-1 decoding and the support for dual video streams, the Advanced Video Processor (AVP) also saw an upgrade with DVD upscaling capability and dynamic contrast feature. The RV770 series GPU also supports xvYCC color space output and 7.1 surround sound output (LPCM, AC3, DTS) over HDMI. The RV770 GPU also supports an Accelerated Video Transcoding (AVT) feature, which has video transcoding functions being assisted by the GPU, through stream processing.

GPU interconnect enhancements

[edit]
R700 inter-GPU communications architecture

This generation of dual-GPU design retains the use of a PCI Express bridge, PLX PEX 8647 with a power dissipation of 3.8 watts inclusive of PCI Express 2.0 support, allowing two GPUs on the same PCI Express slot with doubled bandwidth over the past generation of product (Radeon HD 3870 X2). Subsequent generations of dual-GPU design also feature an interconnect for inter-GPU communications through the implementation of a CrossFire X SidePort on each GPU, giving extra 5 GB/s full-duplex inter-GPU bandwidth. These two features increase total bandwidth for dual-GPU designs to 21.8 GB/s.

OpenCL (API)

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OpenCL accelerates many scientific Software Packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more. Open CL 1.0 to 1.1 are supported for all Chips with RV7xx.[9]

Desktop products

[edit]
Main article: Radeon HD 4000 Series

Radeon HD 4800

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The Radeon HD 4850 was announced on June 19, 2008 while the Radeon HD 4870 was announced on June 25, 2008. They are both based on the RV770 GPU, packing 956 million transistors and being produced on a 55 nm process. The Radeon HD 4850 currently uses GDDR3 memory, while the Radeon HD 4870 uses GDDR5 memory.

Another variant, the Radeon HD 4830 was updated on October 23, 2008, featuring the RV770 LE GPU with a 256-bit GDDR3 memory interface, and 640 shader processors. Basically the RV770 LE is a RV770 with some functional units disabled.

Dual GPU products using two RV770 GPUs, codenamed R700, were also announced. One product named Radeon HD 4870 X2, featuring 2×1GB GDDR5 memory, was released on August 12, 2008, while another dual-GPU product, the Radeon HD 4850 X2, with GDDR3 memory and lower clock speeds, is also available.

A minor update was introduced on April 2, 2009 with the launch of Radeon HD 4890 graphics cards based on the RV790 GPU. Featuring an improved design with decoupling capacitors to reduce signal noise,[10] altered ASIC power distribution and re-timed the whole GPU chip, which resulted in a slight increase in die size but overall much better stability at high clock rates and a higher default clock. On August 18, 2009, AMD released a stripped down variant of the RV790 GPU called the RV790GT that is used by the Radeon HD 4860 which is now available in all markets.

Radeon HD 4700

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ATI Radeon HD 4770

The Radeon HD 4700 series was announced on April 28, 2009. The Radeon HD 4770, is based on the RV740 GPU, packs 826 million transistors and being produced on the latest 40 nm process. The Radeon HD 4730 was introduced June 8, 2009, unlike the RV740 based Radeon HD 4770, the 4730 is a stripped down 55 nm RV770 GPU, named the RV770CE. The 4730 packs 956 million transistors, and uses GDDR5 memory on a 128-bit bus. On September 9, 2009, the RV740PRO based Radeon HD 4750 was released exclusively to the Chinese market. The Radeon HD 4750 is based on the 40 nm RV740 of the Radeon HD 4770 but features a lower clock speed and the absence of a six-pin auxiliary power input.

Radeon HD 4600

[edit]

The Radeon HD 4600 series was announced on September 10, 2008. All variants are based on the RV730 GPU, packing 514 million transistors and being produced on a 55 nm process. The PCIe version 4600 series products do not require external power connectors.[11][12][13][14] More recently, an AGP version of the 4670 has been released. This does require an external power connector. As of March 2018, this elusive AGP card remains among the last cards using the aging bus.

Radeon HD 4300/HD 4500

[edit]
ATI Radeon HD 4550

The Radeon HD 4350 and Radeon HD 4550 were announced on September 30, 2008, both based on the RV710 GPU, packing 242 million transistors and being produced on a 55 nm process. Both products use either GDDR3, DDR3 or DDR2 video memory. AMD states these two products have maximum of 20 W and 25 W of power consumption under full load, respectively.[15]

Chipset Table

[edit]
Main articles: List of AMD graphics processing units § Radeon HD 4000 series, and TeraScale 1

Desktop Products

[edit]
Model4 Launch Code name Fab (nm) Transistors (million) Die size (mm2) Bus interface Clock rate Core config1 Fillrate Memory2 Processing power
(GFLOPS) 		TDP3 (Watts) Crossfire support API support (version) Release Price (USD)
Core (MHz) Memory (MHz) Pixel (GP/s) Texture (GT/s) Size (MB) Bandwidth (GB/s) Bus type Bus width (bit) Single precision Double precision Idle Max. Direct3D OpenGL OpenCL
Radeon HD 4350 Sep 30, 2008 RV710 55 242 73 PCIe 2.0 ×16
PCIe 2.0 ×1
AGP 8× 		600 400
650 		80:8:4 2.40 4.80 256
512
1024 		6.40
10.4 		DDR2
DDR3 		64 92.0 No 20 No 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4550 Sep 30, 2008 RV710 55 242 73 PCIe 2.0 ×16 600
600 		655
800 		80:8:4 2.40 4.80 256
512
1024 		10.5
12.8 		DDR2
GDDR3 		64 96.0 No 25 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4570 Nov 25, 2008 RV710 55 242 73 PCIe 2.0 ×16 650 500 80:8:4 2.60 5.20 1024 8.00 DDR2 64 104.0 No 25 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4580 Nov 20, 2011 RV635 PRO 55 378 135 PCIe 2.0 ×16 796 693 120:8:4 3.18 6.37 512 22.2 GDDR3 128 191.0 No 65 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4650 Sep 10, 2008 RV730 PRO 55 514 146 PCIe 2.0 ×16
AGP 8× 		600
650 		400 - 500
500
700 		320:32:8 4.80
5.20 		19.2
20.8 		256
512
1024 		12.8 - 16.0
16.0
22.4 		DDR2
GDDR3
GDDR4 		64
128 		384.0
416.0 		No 48 2-Way Crossfire 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4670 Sep 10, 2008 RV730 XT 55 514 146 PCIe 2.0 ×16
AGP 8× 		750
750 		400 - 500
900
1000 		320:32:8 6.00 24.0 512
1024 		12.8 - 16.0
28.8
32.0 		DDR2
GDDR3
GDDR4 		128 480.0 No 59 10.1 3.3 1.0 79
Radeon HD 4730 Jun 8, 2009 RV770 CE 55 956 256 PCIe 2.0 ×16 700
750 		900
900 		640:32:8 5.60
6.00 		22.4
24.0 		512 57.6 GDDR5 128 896.0
960.0 		179.2
192.0 		110 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4750 Sep 9, 2009 RV740 40 826 137 PCIe 2.0 ×16 730 800 640:32:16 11.7 23.4 512 51.2 GDDR5 128 934.4 80 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4770 Apr 28, 2009 RV740 40 826 137 PCIe 2.0 ×16 750 800 640:32:16 12.0 24.0 512 51.2 GDDR5 128 960.0 192.0 80 10.1 3.3 1.0 109
Radeon HD 4810 May 28, 2009 RV770 CE 55 956 256 PCIe 2.0 ×16 625
750 		900
900 		640:32:8 5.00
6.00 		20.0
24.0 		512 57.6 GDDR5 128 800.0
960.0 		160.0
192.0 		95 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4830 Oct 21, 2008 RV770 LE 55 956 256 PCIe 2.0 ×16 575 900 640:32:16 9.20 18.4 512
1024 		57.6 GDDR3
GDDR4 		256 736.0 147.2 95 10.1 3.3 1.0 $130
Radeon HD 4850 Jun 25, 2008 RV770 PRO 55 956 256 PCIe 2.0 ×16 625 993 800:40:16 10.0 25.0 512
1024
2048 		63.55 GDDR3
GDDR4
GDDR5 		256 1000 200.0 110 4-Way Crossfire 10.1 3.3 1.0 199

(149)

Radeon HD 4860 Sep 9, 2009 RV790 GT 55 959 282 PCIe 2.0 ×16 700 750 640:32:16 11.2 22.4 512
1024 		96 GDDR5 256 896.0 179.2 130 10.1 3.3 1.0 ?
Radeon HD 4870 Jun 25, 2008 RV770 XT 55 956 256 PCIe 2.0 ×16 750 900 800:40:16 12.0 30.0 512
1024
2048 		115.2 GDDR5 256 1200 240.0 150 10.1 3.3 1.0 299

(225)

Radeon HD 4890 Apr 2, 2009 RV790 XT 55 959 282 PCIe 2.0 ×16 850 975 800:40:16 13.6 34.0 1024
2048 		124.8 GDDR5 256 1360 272.0 190 10.1 3.3 1.0 249
Radeon HD 4850 X2 Nov 7, 2008 R700 (2xRV770 PRO) 55 956×2 256×2 PCIe 2.0 ×16 625 995 800:40:16×2 10.0×2 25.0×2 512×2
1024×2 		63.7×2 GDDR3 256x2 2000 400.0 250 2-Way Crossfire 10.1 3.3 1.0 339
Radeon HD 4870 X2 Aug 12, 2008 R700 (2xRV770 XT) 55 956×2 256×2 PCIe 2.0 ×16 750 900 800:40:16×2 12×2 30×2 1024×2 115.2×2 GDDR5 256x2 2400 480.0 286 10.1 3.3 1.0 449
Model4 Launch Code name Fab (nm) Transistors (million) Die size (mm2) Bus interface Clock rate Core config1 Fillrate Memory2 Processing power
(GFLOPS) 		TDP3 (Watts) Crossfire Support API support (version) Release Price (USD)
Core (MHz) Memory (MHz) Pixel (GP/s) Texture (GT/s) Size (MB) Bandwidth (GB/s) Bus type Bus width (bit) Single precision Double precision Idle Max. Direct3D OpenGL OpenCL

1 Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units
2 The effective data transfer rate of GDDR5 is quadruple its nominal clock, instead of double as it is with other DDR memory.
3 The TDP is reference design TDP values from AMD. Different non-reference board designs from vendors may lead to slight variations in actual TDP.
4 All models feature UVD2 & PowerPlay.

IGP (HD 4000)

[edit]
Main articles: AMD 700 chipset series and TeraScale 1
  • All Radeon HD 4000 IGP models include Direct3D 10.1 and OpenGL 2.0[16]
Model Launch Code name Graphics core Fab (nm) Transistors (million) Die size (mm2) Bus interface Core clock2 (MHz) Core config1 Fillrate Memory3 Processing power
(GFLOPS) 		Features / Notes
Pixel (GP/s) Texture (GT/s) FP32 (GP/s) Size (MB) Bandwidth (GB/s) Bus type Effective clock (MHz) Bus width (bit)
Radeon HD 4200 Graphics (785G Chipset) Aug 2009 RS880 RV620 55 >205 ~73 (~9 × 8.05) HT 3.0 500 40:4:4 2 2 1 Up to 512 system + optional 128 sideport 20.8 (system) + 2.6 (sideport) HT (system) + DDR2-1066 DDR3-1333 (sideport) 1333 (sideport) 16 (sideport) 40 UVD2
Radeon HD 4250 Graphics (880G Chipset) Mar 2010 RS880 560 2.24 2.24 1.12 HT (system) + DDR3-1333 (sideport) 44.8
Radeon HD 4290 Graphics (890GX Chipset) RS880D 700 2.8 2.8 1.4 Up to 512 system + 128 sideport 56

1 Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units
2 The clock frequencies may vary in different usage scenarios, as ATI PowerPlay technology is implemented. The clock frequencies listed here refer to the officially announced clock specifications.
3 The sideport is a dedicated memory bus. It preferably used for frame buffer.

Radeon Feature Matrix

[edit]

The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

[ VisualEditor ]
Name of GPU series Wonder Mach 3D Rage Rage Pro Rage 128 R100 R200 R300 R400 R500 R600 RV670 R700 Evergreen Northern
Islands 		Southern
Islands 		Sea
Islands 		Volcanic
Islands 		Arctic
Islands/Polaris 		Vega Navi 1x Navi 2x Navi 3x
Released 1986 1991 Apr
1996 		Mar
1997 		Aug
1998 		Apr
2000 		Aug
2001 		Sep
2002 		May
2004 		Oct
2005 		May
2007 		Nov
2007 		Jun
2008 		Sep
2009 		Oct
2010 		Jan
2012 		Sep
2013 		Jun
2015 		Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019 Jun 2017, Feb 2019 Jul
2019 		Nov
2020 		Dec
2022
Marketing Name Wonder Mach 3D
Rage 		Rage
Pro 		Rage
128 		Radeon
7000 		Radeon
8000 		Radeon
9000 		Radeon
X700/X800 		Radeon
X1000 		Radeon
HD 2000 		Radeon
HD 3000 		Radeon
HD 4000 		Radeon
HD 5000 		Radeon
HD 6000 		Radeon
HD 7000 		Radeon
200 		Radeon
300 		Radeon
400/500/600 		Radeon
RX Vega, Radeon VII 		Radeon
RX 5000 		Radeon
RX 6000 		Radeon
RX 7000
AMD support Ended Current
Kind 2D 3D
Instruction set architecture Not publicly known TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture TeraScale 1
(VLIW) 		TeraScale 2
(VLIW5)
TeraScale 2
(VLIW5)
up to 68xx		 TeraScale 3
(VLIW4)
in 69xx [17][18]
GCN 1st
gen 		GCN 2nd
gen 		GCN 3rd
gen 		GCN 4th
gen 		GCN 5th
gen 		RDNA RDNA 2 RDNA 3
Type Fixed pipeline[a] Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines Unified shader model
Direct3D — 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.1 9.0
11 (9_2) 		9.0b
11 (9_2) 		9.0c
11 (9_3) 		10.0
11 (10_0) 		10.1
11 (10_1) 		11 (11_0) 11 (11_1)
12 (11_1) 		11 (12_0)
12 (12_0) 		11 (12_1)
12 (12_1) 		11 (12_1)
12 (12_2)
Shader model — 1.4 2.0+ 2.0b 3.0 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.1
6.5 		6.7
OpenGL — 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1[b][19] 3.3 4.5[20][21][22][c] 4.6
Vulkan — 1.0 1.2 1.3
OpenCL — Close to Metal 1.1 (not supported by Mesa) 1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen) 2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+)
(on Linux ROCM, Mesa 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+ 		2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip))[23][24][25]
HSA / ROCm — Yes ?
Video decoding ASIC — Avivo/UVD UVD+ UVD 2 UVD 2.2 UVD 3 UVD 4 UVD 4.2 UVD 5.0 or 6.0 UVD 6.3 UVD 7 [26][d] VCN 2.0 [26][d] VCN 3.0 [27] VCN 4.0
Video encoding ASIC — VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.0 or 3.1 VCE 3.4 VCE 4.0 [26][d]
Fluid Motion [e] No Yes No ?
Power saving ? PowerPlay PowerTune PowerTune & ZeroCore Power ?
TrueAudio — Via dedicated DSP Via shaders
FreeSync — 1
2
HDCP[f] ? 1.4 2.2 2.3 [28]
PlayReady[f] — 3.0 No 3.0
Supported displays[g] 1–2 2 2–6 ?
Max. resolution ? 2–6 ×
2560×1600 		2–6 ×
4096×2160 @ 30 Hz 		2–6 ×
5120×2880 @ 60 Hz 		3 ×
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [29]
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor 		7680x4320

@165 HZ

/drm/radeon[h] Yes —
/drm/amdgpu[h] — Experimental [30] Optional [31] Yes
  1. ^ The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
  2. ^ R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
  3. ^ OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
  4. ^ a b c The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
  5. ^ Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
  6. ^ a b To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  7. ^ More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
  8. ^ a b DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

Mobile products

[edit]
Main article: Mobility Radeon HD 4000 series

Graphics device drivers

[edit]

AMD's proprietary graphics device driver "Catalyst"

[edit]
Main article: AMD Catalyst

AMD Catalyst is being developed for Microsoft Windows and Linux. As of July 2014, other operating systems are not officially supported. This may be different for the AMD FirePro brand, which is based on identical hardware but features OpenGL-certified graphics device drivers.

AMD Catalyst supports all features advertised for the Radeon brand.

The Radeon HD 4000 series has been transitioned to legacy support, where drivers will be updated only to fix bugs instead of being optimized for new applications.[32]

Free and open-source graphics device driver "Radeon"

[edit]
Main article: free and open-source "radeon" graphics device driver

The free and open-source drivers are primarily developed on Linux and for Linux, but have been ported to other operating systems as well. Each driver is composed out of five parts:

  1. Linux kernel component DRM
  2. Linux kernel component KMS driver: basically the device driver for the display controller
  3. user-space component libDRM
  4. user-space component in Mesa 3D
  5. a special and distinct 2D graphics device driver for X.Org Server, which is finally about to be replaced by Glamor

The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics driver supports most of the features implemented into the Radeon line of GPUs.[33]

The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics device drivers are not reverse engineered, but based on documentation released by AMD.[34]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "AMD Catalyst 12.1 Treiber Download für AMD Radeon AGP Produktserie: AMD Radeon HD 4xxx, AMD Radeon HD 3xxx und AMD Radeon HD 2xxx". AMD. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  2. ^ "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  3. ^ "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  4. ^ "Driver Support for AMD Radeon HD 4000, HD 3000, HD 2000 and older Series". AMD. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
  5. ^ AMD Stream Processor First to Break 1 Teraflop Barrier and AMD Demonstrates the Cinema 2.0 Experience
  6. ^ bit-tech.net - RV770: ATI Radeon HD 4850 & 4870 analysis | RV770 Graphics Architecture
  7. ^ Anand Lal Shimpi & Derek Wilson (June 25, 2008). "The Radeon HD 4870 & 4850: AMD Wins at $199 and $299". AnandTech.
  8. ^ Phoronix: AMD Releases Open-Source UVD Video Support
  9. ^ "The Khronos Group". 4 June 2022.
  10. ^ Jansen Ng (April 2, 2009). "ATI Launches Radeon HD 4890; Over 50,000 Already Shipped". DailyTech.
  11. ^ Advanced Micro Devices - AMD Introduces the ATI Radeon HD 4600 Series Graphics Cards for the Masses, Delivering Up To Double the Game Performance of the Competition at the Same Price
  12. ^ Advanced Micro Devices - ATI Radeon HD 4600 Series – Overview Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Softpedia - MSI Updates Radeon HD 4600 Series with HDMI Support
  14. ^ tom's hardware - Radeon HD 4600
  15. ^ Radeon HD 4350 Graphics Technology - Overview Archived 2008-10-03 at the Wayback Machine and Radeon HD 4550 Graphics Technology - Overview Archived 2008-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved October 3, 2008
  16. ^ "AMD RS880 Databook" (PDF).
  17. ^ "AMD Radeon HD 6900 (AMD Cayman) series graphics cards". HWlab. hw-lab.com. December 19, 2010. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022. New VLIW4 architecture of stream processors allowed to save area of each SIMD by 10%, while performing the same compared to previous VLIW5 architecture
  18. ^ "GPU Specs Database". TechPowerUp. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
  19. ^ "NPOT Texture (OpenGL Wiki)". Khronos Group. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  20. ^ "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  21. ^ "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  22. ^ "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  23. ^ "AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  24. ^ "AMD Launches The Radeon PRO W7500/W7600 RDNA3 GPUs". Phoronix. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  25. ^ "AMD Radeon Pro 5600M Grafikkarte". TopCPU.net (in German). Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  26. ^ a b c Killian, Zak (March 22, 2017). "AMD publishes patches for Vega support on Linux". Tech Report. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  27. ^ Larabel, Michael (September 15, 2020). "AMD Radeon Navi 2 / VCN 3.0 Supports AV1 Video Decoding". Phoronix. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  28. ^ Edmonds, Rich (February 4, 2022). "ASUS Dual RX 6600 GPU review: Rock-solid 1080p gaming with impressive thermals". Windows Central. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  29. ^ "Radeon's next-generation Vega architecture" (PDF). Radeon Technologies Group (AMD). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  30. ^ Larabel, Michael (December 7, 2016). "The Best Features of the Linux 4.9 Kernel". Phoronix. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  31. ^ "AMDGPU". Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  32. ^ http://support.amd.com/en-us/download/desktop/legacy?product=legacy2&os=Windows%207%20-%2064
  33. ^ "RadeonFeature". Xorg.freedesktop.org. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
  34. ^ "AMD Developer Guides". Archived from the original on 2013-07-16.
[edit]
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