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Dharwad

Coordinates: 15°27′30″N 75°00′30″E / 15.45833°N 75.00833°E / 15.45833; 75.00833
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Dharwad
City
SDM Hospital Inpatient Block
CSI Hebich Memorial Church
Kumaraswamiji Tapovan
Nicknames: 
Pedha Nagari, Hubli-Dharwad City, Dharanagari, Vidya Kashi, Sanskratika nagari, Education Hub of Karnataka, Oxford of Karnataka.[1]
Map
Dharwad City
Dharwad is located in Karnataka
Dharwad
Dharwad
Location in Karnataka
Dharwad is located in India
Dharwad
Dharwad
Dharwad (India)
Dharwad is located in Asia
Dharwad
Dharwad
Dharwad (Asia)
Coordinates: 15°27′30″N 75°00′30″E / 15.45833°N 75.00833°E / 15.45833; 75.00833
Country India
StateKarnataka
DistrictDharwad
RegionBayaluseeme
Established1403 (621 years ago) (1403)
Founded byChalukya dynasty[2]
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • Body
 • MayorVeena Baradwad [3]
 • MPPralhad Joshi
 • MLA (Hubli Dharwad West)Arvind Bellad
 • MLA (Dharwad)Vinay Kulkarni
 • MLA (Hubli Dharwad East)Abbayya Prasad
Area
 • City462 km2 (178 sq mi)
Elevation
750.0 m (2,460.6 ft)
Population
 • RankIndia : 49
Karnataka : 2
 • Density434/km2 (1,120/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,137,000
Demonym(s)Dharwadians, Dharawadadavra.
Languages
 • OfficialKannada
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Pincode(s)
580 xxx
Vehicle registrationKA-25, KA-63
Planning agencyHubballi-Dharwad Urban Development Authority
AirportHubli Airport(HBX)
Rapid TransitHubballi-Dharwad Bus Rapid Transit System
Websitewww.dharwad.nic.in
Map

Dharwad (Kannada pronunciation: [ðärwäɖ])(pronunciationⓘ), also known as Dharwar, is a city located in the northwestern part of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of the Dharwad district of Karnataka and forms a contiguous urban area with the city of Hubballi. It was merged with Hubballi in 1962 to form the twin cities of Hubballi-Dharwad. It covers an area of 213 km2 (82 sq mi) and is located 430 km (270 mi) northwest of Bangalore, on NH-48, between Bangalore and Pune.

In 2016, Hubli-Dharwad was selected for solar city / green city master plans.[4] In 2017, government of India included Hubli-Dharwad city for a smart city project, a flagship scheme for overall development of infrastructure in the twin-cities.[5]

Etymology

[edit]

The word "Dharwad" is derived from the Sanskrit word 'dwarawata', 'dwara' meaning "door" and 'wata' or 'wada' meaning "town". It means a place of rest in a long travel or a small habitation. For centuries, Dharwad acted as a resting place for travellers and a gateway between the Malenadu (western mountains) and the Bayalu Seeme (plains).[6]

History

[edit]
Outer fort gates of Dharwad Fort
British collector St John Thackeray's obelisk at Kittur Chennamma park

The Chalukyas ruled Dharwad during the 12th century. A stone inscription indicates that there was a ruler by the name of BhaskaraDeva in 1117. In the 14th century, the district was first overrun by the Bahmani Sultanate, after which it was annexed to the newly established Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar, an official of which named "Dharav", according to local tradition, built the fort at Dharwad town in 1403. After the defeat of the king of Vijayanagar in the Battle of Talikota (1565), Dharwad was for a few years practically independent under its Hindu governor; but in 1573 the fort was captured by the sultan of Bijapur, Adil Shah, and Dharwad was annexed to his dominions. Adil Shah built a fort in an area later called Manna Killa, and later Nazratabad. With this fort, the strategic importance of Dharwad increased and it attracted the attention of subsequent conquerors, including Aurangzeb, Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Aurangzeb's son Bahadur Shah I, Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao, Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan and finally the British colonizers.[2]

In 1685, the fort was taken by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, and Dharwad, on the break-up of the Mughal empire, fell under the sway of the Maratha Peshwa of Pune. In 1764, the province was overrun by Hyder Ali of the Mysore, who in 1778 captured the fort of Dharwad.[7] The fort was retaken in 1791 by the Marathas. After the final defeat of the Peshwa by the British in 1818, Dharwar was incorporated into the territory of the British East India Company's Bombay Presidency. During the early 19th century, when the British were expanding their domains, they faced a lot of opposition from local rulers, including Baba Saheb of Nargund and Kittur Chennamma.[2]

Geography

[edit]
Kelgeri lake is a famous water body located in Kelgeri, Dharwad

Climate

[edit]

Hubli-Dharwad has a tropical wet and dry climate. Summers are relatively mild and dry, lasting from late February to early June. They are followed by the monsoon season, with moderate temperatures and a large amount of precipitation. Temperatures are fairly moderate from late October to early February, with virtually no rainfall. Dharwad is 750 meters above sea level. The average yearly rainfall is 838 mm (33.0 in).[8]

Climate data for Dharwad
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30
(86) 		33
(91) 		35
(95) 		38
(100) 		37
(99) 		29
(84) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		36
(97)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.1
(84.4) 		31.7
(89.1) 		34.5
(94.1) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		28.2
(82.8) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		27.7
(81.9) 		29.2
(84.6) 		28.7
(83.7) 		28.2
(82.8) 		29.9
(85.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1) 		15.7
(60.3) 		18.6
(65.5) 		27.0
(80.6) 		25.0
(77.0) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.2
(68.4) 		19.6
(67.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		16.5
(61.7) 		14.3
(57.7) 		19.3
(66.8)
Record low °C (°F) 13
(55) 		15
(59) 		18
(64) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		20
(68) 		19
(66) 		19
(66) 		17
(63) 		15
(59) 		13
(55)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0
(0) 		0
(0) 		10
(0.4) 		40
(1.6) 		60
(2.4) 		150
(5.9) 		210
(8.3) 		200
(7.9) 		110
(4.3) 		60
(2.4) 		30
(1.2) 		0
(0) 		870
(34.4)
Average rainy days 0.3 0.2 0.9 4.1 5.8 4.4 8.0 7.2 7.6 8.2 4.3 1.1 57.6
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 51 46 48 54 65 82 88 88 85 73 66 59 67
Source: [9]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1901 21,230—    
1911 29,591+39.4%
1921 34,220+15.6%
1931 40,904+19.5%
1941 47,992+17.3%
1951 66,571+38.7%
1961 77,163+15.9%
2001 252,375+227.1%
Source: Census of India[10][11]

The population of the twin cities as per provisional figures of Census 2011 is 943,857 and is urban.[12] Hubli-Dharwad's population increased 22.99% between 1981 and 1991, from 527,108 to 648,298, and by 21.2% between 1991 and 2001. The Hubli-Dharwad municipality covers 213 km2 (82 sq mi).

Culture

[edit]

Dharwad has earned the reputation of being called as 'Cultural Capital of Karnataka'. Dharwad Region's Cultural Life blossomed with some of the finest Poets, Writers, and Thinkers at the beginning 20th century. Hindustani Classical Music is a genre that inspires a possessive devotion among people from the region.[13] Dharwad city is known for karnatic music, art, culture, musicians, poets, writers and cuisine.[14]

Literature

[edit]

Dharwad has nurtured some of the best writers in Kannada, and has many iconic places that bear an association with the Language and State’s Culture. Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha also played a crucial role in bringing literary enthusiasts together.

Places such as Sadhankeri in front of Varakavi D R Bendre’s house is that serene location from which the poet drew inspiration to write his poems.

Dharwad has the reputation of earning 3 (out of 8) Jnanpith Awardees in Karnataka. Da Ra Bendre, V.K. Gokak, Girish Karnad.

  • Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre popularly known as Da Ra Bendre is generally considered as one of the greatest Kannada lyric poets of the 20th century. Da Ra Bendre wrote with the pen name ‘Ambikatanayadatta’. Da Ra Bendre described Sadhankeri as a place of inspiration for his poems praising the beauty of nature. He was honored with the Padma Shri award in 1968 and his collection of poems ‘Naaku Tanti’ earned him the Jnanapeeta Award.
  • Vinayaka Krishna Gokak (VK Gokak) was a major writer in the Kannada language and a scholar of English and Kannada Literature. His epic ‘Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi’ has earned him Jnanapeeta Award in 1990. He completed his education at Majid High School, Savanur, and attended the Karnataka College, Dharwad where he studied Literature.
  • Girish Karnad was an Indian Actor, Film Director, and Kannada writer. He was awarded the Jnanapeeta Award for his immense contributions to Kannada Literature and Theatre in 1998. Girish Karnad had earned a Bachelor of Arts(B.A) degree in Mathematics and Statistics from Karnatak Arts College, Dharwad (affiliated to Karnataka University).[15]

Fine Arts

[edit]

D V Halbhavi established Halbhavi School of Art, Dharwad which has the distinction of being Karnataka’s first school of Arts in the year 1935. The school, which was founded under the aegis of the Dharwad Fine Art Society, has provided Art education to thousands of students during the last 76 years. The school also introduces students to complementary fields such as theatre, literature, and music. Kumareshwara Fine Arts College (1991) was founded by K.N. Neglurumatha at Haveri. V.R. Sutar started Gangambika Memorial Art School (1993) at Dharwad. Apart from this in 1966, Dandavathi Math in Dharwad opened an Arts School for mentally challenged children.

Recognizing the immense contribution of Dharwad towards the Music, Literature, and Arts field, Central Government has decided to set up Lalitha Kala Akademy Regional Centre in Dharwad. The Lalitha Kala Akademy will act as a catalyst for artists to get equal exposure as some of the bigger cities artists get and will make Art Field more vibrant in North Karnataka region.[16]

Cuisine

[edit]
Jolada rotti

Jolada rotti is a very popular and very common diet in Dharwad city it is part of the staple diet of most of the districts of North Karnataka, where it is eaten with pulse curries such as jhunka, yengai, shenga chutney or other assorted chutnies. Jowar rotti is also called as jawarichi bhakri in neighbouring Maharastra.

Dharwad peda

Dharwad peda is a sweet delicacy prepared of milk and sugar which has been accorded Geographical Indication.[17]

Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

[edit]
Main article: Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation
HDMC office at Dharwad

Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) was constituted in 1962 by combining the two cities separated by a distance of 20 kilometres. The area covered by the corporation is spread over 45 revenue villages and is the second-largest city corporation in Karnataka state. The population of the city as per the 1991 census was 700,000. The population of Hubli-Dharwad is 1,158,000 (2020).[18] Hubli Municipal Council was established under the Government of India Act 1850, and the Dharwad Municipal Council first came into existence on 1 January 1856. Both were merged later forming Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC)[19] The headquarters of HDMC is situated in Hubballi, comprising 82 members covering four Vidhan Sabha Constituencies of Hubli-Dharwad. There has been a huge demand by the people of Dharwad to create a separate civic body and get itself detached by HDMC. Claims are that most of the funds are allocated to Hubli solely.[20]

Transport

[edit]

Road

[edit]
Main article: Hubli-Dharwad Bus Rapid Transit System
Hubli-Dharwad Bus Rapid Transit System (HDBRTS, Chingri bus)
HDBRTS Terminal at Dharwad

Hubballi-Dharwad BRTS (also known as HDBRTS) is a bus rapid transit system built to serve the twin cities of Hubli and Dharwad, located in the North-Western part of Karnataka state in India. Hubli-Dharwad BRTS (HDBRTS) project is a Government of Karnataka initiative to foster long-term economic growth in the region. The project promotes fast, safe, comfortable, convenient and affordable public transportation between the twin cities and aims to reduce congestion and air pollution in the region. But it has severely affected the private traffic, by restricting the lanes. Many don't approve the project, as BRTS system has failed in many cities across India, for example both in Pune and Delhi.

The length of the Hubli-Dharwad BRTS corridor is 22.25 km (13.83 mi) from CBT Hubli to CBT–Dharwad with the width of the cross-sections ranging from 44 to 35 m (144 to 115 ft). The BRTS corridor includes segregated bus lanes, access-controlled bus stations, physical and fare integration with BRT feeder services, off-board ticketing through smart cards and bar-coded paper tickets, an intelligent transport system and high-quality buses (Standard AC buses). The corridor is designed for operating regular and express services. It consists of two lanes for BRTS buses on either side of the median bus station facilitating overtaking lanes for express services. Foot overbridges at six locations, PELICAN signals, and synchronised signal management are proposed to facilitate the easy approach of passengers to bus stations.[21]

Air

[edit]
Hubli Airport

Hubli Airport (IATA: HBX, ICAO: VOHB) is the nearest airport that serves the twin cities of Hubli-Dharwad and North Karnataka in the state of Karnataka, India. It is situated on Gokul Road, 8 kilometres from the city centre and 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Dharwad. It is the third busiest airport in Karnataka and the 45th busiest airport in India. In March 2020, Hubli Airport received the best airport award under the government of India's Regional connectivity scheme.[22] Hubli airport connects to 10 destinations throughout the country. Efforts are being made to make Hubli Airport as international Airport.[23][24]

Media

[edit]

Mangaluru Samachar was the first ever Kannada language newspaper distributed in Dharwad, along with region of North Canara.[25]

In current times the newspapers include Vijaya Karnataka, Vijayavani, Kannada Prabha, Prajavani and Samyukta Karnataka, in Kannada; The Hindu, Times of India, Deccan Herald and The Indian Express in English.

Sports

[edit]

Cricket and football are the most popular sports in Dharwad and are often played on grounds and streets of the city.

Cricket

[edit]
RN Shetty Stadium is a multipurpose stadium on college road

Karnataka State Cricket Association (ASCA) has organised a few professional district-level and state-level cricket matches in Kittur Rani Chennamma cricket stadium, KCD and SDM cricket ground, Sattur.[26][27]

RN Shetty Stadium stadium has hosted a Ranji Trophy match in 1990 when Karnataka cricket team played against Hyderabad cricket team.[28]

Kabbadi

[edit]

Major kabaddi matches are usually held at the Karnatak college ground.[29]

Tennis

[edit]

Tennis has been a popular choice among millennials in the city. In 2003 and 2006 Dharwad hosted the International men's tennis tournament ATP Challenger Series.[30][31]

Notable people

[edit]

Civic administration

[edit]
The Karnataka High Court has its bench in Dharwad

Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) was constituted in 1962 by combining two cities separated by a distance of 20 kilometers.[32][33] The area covered by the corporation is 213 km2 (82 sq mi), spread over 45 revenue villages. The population of the city as per the 1991 census was 7 lakhs. The population of Hubli-Dharwad is 943,857 according to 2011 Census. There has been a huge demand by people of Dharwad to create a separate civic body and get itself detached by HDMC. Claims are that most of the funds are allocated to Hubli solely.[34]

  • Hubli: Under the Government of India Act of 1850, the Hubli-Municipal council was established on 15 August 1855.
  • Dharwad: The Dharwad Municipal Council first came into existence on 1 January 1856. The first non-official President of the council was S.K. Rodda in 1907, and Shri S.V. Mensinkai, was nominated in the following year. But the credit of being the first elected president goes to Shri S.G. Karigudari, who took office in 1920.

Hubli is well known as a commercial as well as an industrial centre, whereas Dharwad is the seat of learning.[35] Popularly believed that, it is this diversity and geographical positions that the state government amalgamated the two cities.[11] The twin-city corporation occupies unique place in Karnataka State. After the capital city of Bangalore, this is the largest city Corporation in the State.[11]

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

Educational institutions

[edit]
Main article: List of educational institutions in Dharwad
Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad (IIT Dharwad) in Belur Industrial Area (2016–2023)
IIT Dharwad permanent campus inaugurated in March 2023
Karnatak University
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

Dharwad hosts many Universities, Colleges and Autonomous Institutions, some are listed below.[36]

Villages

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "About the Education hub of Karnataka". IIT Dharwad official website. 28 May 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "District Profile" (PDF). University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  3. ^ "BJP retains power in Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal Corporation". The Hindu. 20 June 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Ministry of New and Renewable Energy - Solar / Green Cities". mnre.gov.in. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  5. ^ "Constant transfer of MDs, chairpersons hampers execution of Smart City projects in Hubballi-Dharwad". Times of India. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  6. ^ "About District". Government of Karnataka.
  7. ^ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 11, page 316 – Imperial Gazetteer of India – Digital South Asia Library". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  8. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ "YR". Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  10. ^ "Provisional population totals, Census of India 2011". Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  11. ^ a b c "HDMC ABOUT TWIN CITY". Archived from the original on 20 April 2012.
  12. ^ "Census of India 2011 Provisional Population Totals" (PDF).
  13. ^ "'rural Folk Preserved Kannada'". The Times of India. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  14. ^ "Culture & Heritage | Dharwad District". Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  15. ^ "Culture of Dharwad". Hubballi Infra. 17 February 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  16. ^ "Karnataka State Gazetteers: Dharwad District". INDIAN CULTURE. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  17. ^ ""K'taka gets highest number of GI tags"".
  18. ^ "Hubli and Dharwad City Population Census 2011-2022 | Karnataka". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 25 August 2022.[permanent dead link]
  19. ^ "::HDMC::". Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  20. ^ "Demand to separate Dharwad from HDMC grows bigger". The Times of India. 26 August 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  21. ^ "HDBRTS". hdbrts.com (in Telugu). Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  22. ^ "Hubballi Airport bags award under Regional Connectivity Scheme". Times of India. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  23. ^ Kattimani, Basavaraj (30 November 2018). "Get ready to fly abroad from Hubballi airport". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  24. ^ "Hubballi Is Best Choice for International Airport of N-Karnataka: Angadi". Hubballi Times. 10 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  25. ^ "The first Kannada newspaper in Dharwad district". Deccan Herald. 29 June 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  26. ^ "Veeranna Savadi to helm Karnataka State Cricket Association-Dharwad". The Times of India. 17 December 2022. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  27. ^ "Cricket tournament on Feb 5 in Hubballi and Dharwad". The Times of India. 4 February 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  28. ^ "The Home of CricketArchive". cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  29. ^ "ಧಾರವಾಡ: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಆರ್ಮಿ ತಂಡಕ್ಕೆ ಕಬಡ್ಡಿ ಟ್ರೋಫಿ". Prajavani. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  30. ^ "Tennis Explorer: Dharwad challenger". www.tennisexplorer.com. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  31. ^ "Tennis Explorer: Dharwad challenger 2006". www.tennisexplorer.com. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  32. ^ "About City Corporation". Hubballi-Dharwad City Corporation. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  33. ^ "District Profile | Dharwad District | India". Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  34. ^ "Demand to separate Dharwad from HDMC grows bigger". The Times of India.
  35. ^ "about hubli – dharwad" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2013.
  36. ^ "There is more to Karnataka than just Bengaluru in education". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  37. ^ "IIIT Dharwad". iiitdwd.ac.in. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  38. ^ "IIT Dharwad". www.iitdh.ac.in. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  39. ^ "Karnatak University, Dharwad".
  40. ^ "Home". www.uasd.edu. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  41. ^ "Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, (Karnataka) Dharwad". www.dbhpsabhadwd.org. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  42. ^ "Home - DHARWAD INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES-DHARWAD". dimhans.karnataka.gov.in. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  43. ^ "Karnatak Arts College Dharwad - One of the Top Arts Colleges in Dharwad". www.kacd.ac.in. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  44. ^ Bureau, The Hindu (27 January 2023). "Amit Shah to lay foundation stone for Dharwad campus of forensic sciences university". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  45. ^ www.nfsu.ac.in. "National Forensic Sciences University". nfsu.ac.in. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  46. ^ "SDMCET – Engineering college in Dharwad,Karnataka | College for Mba and MTech in Dharwad,Karnataka". www.sdmcet.ac.in. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
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