List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent

This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent, displayed with their respective national flags, including the following entities:

By association within the UN system:
- The 193 United Nations member states (UN).
- Vatican City (administered by the Holy See, a UN General Assembly observer state), which has diplomatic relations with 183 countries as of 7 January 2019.^[1]
- Palestine (a UN General Assembly observer state), which has diplomatic relations with 145 countries as of 21 June 2024.^[2]
By Other States
- Generally this contains states with limited recognition and associated states not members of the United Nations
- Partially recognised de facto sovereign states without UN membership, such as the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of China (Taiwan)
- De facto sovereign states lacking general international recognition
- Cook Islands and Niue, two states in free association with New Zealand without UN membership
By Dependent Territories of other UN member states:
- Generally this contains non-sovereign territories that are recognized by the UN as part of some member state.
- Dependent territories.
- Other territories often regarded as separate geographical territories even though they are integral parts of their mother countries (such as the overseas departments and regions of France).

This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into adjacent continents. Variations on are noted below and discussed in the following articles: Continent, Boundaries between the continents of Earth, and List of transcontinental countries.

Legend

Legend "Membership within the UN System" column

UN Member states

UN General Assembly observer state

Member state of a UN Specialized Agency

Observer in a UN Specialized Agency

No membership

Dependent Territory of UN member

"Sovereignty dispute" column legend

Undisputed sovereignty

Disputed sovereignty

Africa

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Africa: territories and regions.

Geologically, Africa is connected to Eurasia by the Isthmus of Suez and forms part of Afro-Eurasia.

Common and formal names	Membership within the UN System^[a]	Sovereignty dispute^[b]	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty^[d]

↓ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↓
Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria	UN member state	None
Angola – Republic of Angola	UN member state	None
Benin – Republic of Benin	UN member state	None
Botswana – Republic of Botswana	UN member state	None
Burkina Faso	UN member state	None
Burundi – Republic of Burundi	UN member state	None
Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon	UN member state	None
Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo Verde^[e]	UN member state	None
Central African Republic	UN member state	None
Chad – Republic of Chad	UN member state	None
Comoros – Union of the Comoros	UN member state	None	Comoros is a federation of three islands.^[f]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the^[g]	UN member state	None
Congo, Republic of the^[h]	UN member state	None
Côte d'Ivoire – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire^[i]	UN member state	None
Democratic Republic of the Congo → See Congo, Democratic Republic of the listing
Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti	UN member state	None
Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt	UN member state	None
Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea	UN member state	None
Eritrea – State of Eritrea	UN member state	None
Eswatini – Kingdom of Eswatini^[j]	UN member state	None
Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	UN member state	None	Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.
Gabon – Gabonese Republic	UN member state	None
Gambia, The – Republic of the Gambia^[6]	UN member state	None
Ghana – Republic of Ghana	UN member state	None
Guinea – Republic of Guinea^[k]	UN member state	None
Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau	UN member state	None
Ivory Coast → See Côte d'Ivoire listing
Kenya – Republic of Kenya	UN member state	None
Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho	UN member state	None
Liberia – Republic of Liberia	UN member state	None
Libya – State of Libya	UN member state	None
Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar	UN member state	None
Malawi – Republic of Malawi	UN member state	None
Mali – Republic of Mali	UN member state	None
Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania	UN member state	None
Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius	UN member state	None	Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.^[l]
Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco	UN member state	None	Part of the Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara is controlled by the partially recognised Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique	UN member state	None
Namibia – Republic of Namibia	UN member state	None
Niger – Republic of the Niger	UN member state	None
Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria	UN member state	None	Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.
Republic of the Congo → See Congo, Republic of the listing
Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda	UN member state	None
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic listing
São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe	UN member state	None	São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, Príncipe.^[l]
Senegal – Republic of Senegal	UN member state	None
Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles	UN member state	None
Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone	UN member state	None
Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia	UN member state	None	Somalia is a federation of six states. Two, Puntland and Galmudug, have self-declared autonomy, while one, Somaliland, is de facto independent.
Somaliland → See Somaliland listing
South Africa – Republic of South Africa	UN member state	None
South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan	UN member state	None	South Sudan is a federation of 10 states and three administrative areas. The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.^[7]^[8]
Sudan – Republic of the Sudan	UN member state	None	Sudan is a federation of 18 states. The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.^[7]^[8]
Sudan, South → See South Sudan listing
Swaziland → See Eswatini listing
Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania	UN member state	None	Tanzania contains one autonomous region, Zanzibar.^[l]
The Gambia → See Gambia, The listing
Togo – Togolese Republic	UN member state	None
Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia	UN member state	None
Uganda – Republic of Uganda	UN member state	None
Western Sahara → See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic listing
Zambia – Republic of Zambia	UN member state	None
Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe	UN member state	None
↑ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↑

↓ Other states ↓
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	No membership	Claimed by Morocco	Recognised at some stage by 84 UN member states, 38 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian–African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.
Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland	No membership	Claimed by Somalia	A de facto independent state,^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.^[14]
↑ Other states ↑

↓ Dependent Territories ↓
Bouvet Island	Norwegian Dependent Territory	None
British Indian Ocean Territory	British Overseas Territory
French Southern and Antarctic Lands	French Overseas Territory	None
Heard Island and McDonald Islands – Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands	Australian External Territory	None
Mayotte – Department of Mayotte	French Overseas Department and Region	None
Réunion – Department of Réunion	French Overseas Department and Region	None
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	British Overseas Territory	None
↑ Dependent Territories ↑

Transcontinental countries in Europe and Africa, classified as Southern European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Italy (Pantelleria and the Pelagie Islands), Malta, Portugal (Madeira [including the Savage Islands]), and Spain (Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla, Alboran Island, and Spain's plazas de soberanía).
Transcontinental country in Europe and Africa, classified as a Western European country by the United Nations Statistics Division: France (Mayotte, and Réunion).
Transcontinental country in Asia and Africa, classified as a Western Asian country by the United Nations Statistics Division: Yemen (Socotra).

Asia

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Asia: territories and regions.

Geologically, Asia is part of Eurasia and due to the Isthmus of Suez forms part of Afro-Eurasia.

Common and formal names	Membership within the UN System^[m]	Sovereignty dispute^[n]	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty^[o]

↓ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↓
Abkhazia → See Abkhazia listing
Afghanistan	UN member state	None	The de facto ruling government, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, has not been recognised by any state. The United Nations continues to recognise the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the government of Afghanistan.^[15]^[16]
Armenia – Republic of Armenia	UN member state	Not recognised by Pakistan.	Armenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh.^[17]^[18]^[19]
Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan	UN member state	None	Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan.^[l]
Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain	UN member state	None
Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh	UN member state	None
Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan	UN member state	None
Brunei – Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace	UN member state	None
Burma → See Myanmar listing
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia	UN member state	None
China – People's Republic of China^[p]	UN member state	Partially unrecognised. Claimed by the Republic of China	China contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, and Xinjiang.^[l] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of: Hong Kong Macau China claims, but does not control Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.^[q] China is not recognised by 12 UN member states and the Holy See, which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognise Taiwan instead.^[r]
China, Republic of → See Taiwan listing
Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus	UN member state	Not recognised by Turkey^[20]	Member of the EU.^[c] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus.
Democratic People's Republic of Korea → See Korea, North listing
East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste^[s]	UN member state	None
Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt	UN member state	None
Georgia	UN member state	None	Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.^[l] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
India – Republic of India	UN member state	None	India is a federation of 28 states and eight union territories.
Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia	UN member state	None	Indonesia has eight autonomous provinces, Aceh, Jakarta, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.^[l]
Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran	UN member state	None
Iraq – Republic of Iraq	UN member state	None	Iraq is a federation^[f]^[21] of 19 governorates, four of which make up the autonomous Kurdistan Region.^[l]
Israel – State of Israel	UN member state	Partially unrecognised	Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. Israel annexed East Jerusalem,^[22] an annexation not recognised by the international community.^[23] Israel maintains varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, it is still considered by some to be the occupying power under international law.^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27] Israel is not recognised as a state by 28 UN members and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The Palestine Liberation Organization, recognised by a majority of UN member states as the sole representative of the Palestinian people, recognised Israel in 1993.
Japan	UN member state	None
Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	UN member state	None
Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan	UN member state	None
Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea	UN member state	Claimed by South Korea	North Korea is not recognised by three UN members, France, Japan, and South Korea, the last of which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.^[28]
Korea, South – Republic of Korea	UN member state	Claimed by North Korea	South Korea has one autonomous region, Jejudo.^[l]^[29] South Korea is not recognised by North Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.
Kuwait – State of Kuwait	UN member state	None
Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic	UN member state	None
Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic	UN member state	None
Lebanon – Lebanese Republic	UN member state	None
Malaysia	UN member state	None	Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.
Maldives – Republic of Maldives	UN member state	None
Mongolia	UN member state	None
Myanmar – Republic of the Union of Myanmar^[t]	UN member state	None	Wa State is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations has not recognized the de facto ruling government of Myanmar, the State Administration Council.^[16]
Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	UN member state	None	Nepal is a federation composed of 7 provinces.
North Korea → See Korea, North listing
Northern Cyprus → See Northern Cyprus listing
Oman – Sultanate of Oman	UN member state	None
Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan	UN member state	None	Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and one capital territory. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,^[30]^[31] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.^[32]^[33] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper: Azad Kashmir Gilgit-Baltistan Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.^[34]^[35]^[36] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.^[35]^[37]^[38]
Palestine – State of Palestine	UN General Assembly observer state; member of 2 UN specialized agencies	Partially unrecognised. Disputed by Israel	The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from 145 states.^[39] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.^[40] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.^[41] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,^[42] UNIDO and other international organizations.^[43]
Philippines – Republic of the Philippines	UN member state	None	The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Bangsamoro.^[l]
Qatar – State of Qatar	UN member state	None
Republic of Korea → See Korea, South listing
Russia – Russian Federation	UN member state	None	Russia is a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.^[l]
Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	UN member state	None
Singapore – Republic of Singapore	UN member state	None
South Korea → See Korea, South listing
South Ossetia → See South Ossetia listing
Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka^[u]	UN member state	None
Syria – Syrian Arab Republic	UN member state	None	The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognised as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: Rojava.
Taiwan (Republic of China) → See Taiwan listing
Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan	UN member state	None	Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.^[l]
Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand	UN member state	None
Timor-Leste → See East Timor listing
Turkey – Republic of Turkey	UN member state	None
Turkmenistan	UN member state	None
United Arab Emirates	UN member state	None	The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.
Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan	UN member state	None	Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.^[l]
Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam	UN member state	None
Yemen – Republic of Yemen	UN member state	None
↑ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↑

↓ Other states ↓
Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia	No membership	BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by Georgia	Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, South Ossetia and Transnistria.^[44] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	No membership	Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus	Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.^[45]
South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania	No membership	BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by Georgia	A de facto independent state,^[46] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.^[47]
Taiwan – Republic of China^[p]	Former UN member (as Republic of China, 1945–1971) Observer in one UN specialized agency under the name "Chinese Taipei"	Partially unrecognised. Claimed by the People's Republic of China	A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands, and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.^[48] The ROC is recognised by 11 UN member states and the Holy See as of 15 January 2024. All these states do not recognise the PRC either. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) has refrained from recognising either the ROC or the PRC. In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations^[49] with 58 UN member states, one self-declared state (Somaliland), three territories (Guam, Hong Kong, and Macau), and the European Union via its representative offices and consulates under the One China principle. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.^[50] The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.^[q] The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations.
↑ Other states ↑

↓ Dependent Territories ↓
Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia	British Overseas Territory	None
Ashmore and Cartier Islands – Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Australian External Territory	Claimed by Indonesia
British Indian Ocean Territory	British Overseas Territory
Christmas Island – Territory of Christmas Island	Australian External Territory	None
Cocos (Keeling) Islands – Territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Australian External Territory	None
Hong Kong – Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	PRC Special Administrative Region	None
Macau – Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	PRC Special Administrative Region	None
↑ Dependent Territories ↑

Transcontinental country in Africa and Asia, classified as a Northern African country by the United Nations Statistics Division: Egypt (Sinai).
Transcontinental country in Europe and Asia, classified as an Eastern European country by the United Nations Statistics Division: Russia (North Asia).
States mostly or entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe, and a member of the Council of Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, and Turkey.
States with limited recognition, entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe: Abkhazia, North Cyprus, and South Ossetia.
Entirely in Southeast Asia, but commonly associated with Oceania, and lying east of the biogeographical Wallace Line: East Timor.
Transcontinental country in Europe and Asia, classified as a Southern European country by the United Nations Statistics Division: Greece (Islands in North Aegean and South Aegean).
Transcontinental country in Asia and North America, classified as a Northern American country by the United Nations Statistics Division: United States (Little Diomede Island, Near Islands, and St. Lawrence Island).

Europe

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Europe: political geography.

Geologically, Europe is part of Eurasia and due to the Isthmus of Suez forms part of Afro-Eurasia.

Common and formal names	Membership within the UN System^[v]	Sovereignty dispute^[w]	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty^[x]

↓ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↓
Abkhazia → See Abkhazia listing
Albania – Republic of Albania	UN member state	None
Andorra – Principality of Andorra	UN member state	None	Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,^[51] who himself is appointed with approval from the Holy See.
Armenia – Republic of Armenia	UN member state	Not recognised by Pakistan.	Armenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh.^[52]^[53]^[54]
Austria – Republic of Austria	UN member state	None	Member of the European Union.^[c] Austria is a federation of nine states.
Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan	UN member state	None	Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan.^[l]
Belarus – Republic of Belarus	UN member state	None	Many states rescinded their recognition of President Alexander Lukashenko following the disputed 2020 election. Lithuania currently recognizes Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's Coordination Council as the legitimate government of Belarus.^[56]
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] Belgium is a federation of three linguistic communities and three regions.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	UN member state	None	Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent entities: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Republika Srpska and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative district.^[57]
Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Croatia – Republic of Croatia	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus	UN member state	Not recognised by Turkey^[58]	Member of the EU.^[c] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus.
Czech Republic^[y]	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories: Faroe Islands Greenland The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Danish Realm.^[z] The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.^[59]^[60]
Estonia – Republic of Estonia	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Finland – Republic of Finland	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.^[l]^[aa]
France – French Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] France contains five overseas regions/departments; French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of: Clipperton Island French Polynesia New Caledonia Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna French Southern and Antarctic Lands^[ab]
Georgia	UN member state	None	Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.^[l] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
Germany – Federal Republic of Germany	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] Germany is a federation of 16 states.
Greece – Hellenic Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos.^[61]
Holy See → See Vatican City listing
Hungary	UN member state	None
Iceland^[ac]	UN member state	None
Ireland^[ad]	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Italy – Italian Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.^[l]
Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan	UN member state	None
Kosovo → See Kosovo listing
Latvia – Republic of Latvia	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein	UN member state	None
Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Macedonia → See North Macedonia listing
Malta – Republic of Malta	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Moldova – Republic of Moldova	UN member state	None	Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester. The latter, as well as the city of Bender (Tighina), are under the de facto control of Transnistria.
Monaco – Principality of Monaco	UN member state	None
Montenegro	UN member state	None
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy: Aruba Curaçao Netherlands Sint Maarten Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three other overseas territories (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of metropolitan Netherlands.^[ae] The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.
North Macedonia – Republic of North Macedonia^[af]	UN member state	None
Northern Cyprus → See Northern Cyprus listing
Norway – Kingdom of Norway	UN member state	None	Norway has two unincorporated areas in Europe: Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty. Jan Mayen is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated. Norway has one dependent territory and two claimed Antarctic dependent territories in the Southern Hemisphere: Bouvet Island Peter I Island Queen Maud Land
Poland – Republic of Poland	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Portugal – Portuguese Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira.^[l]
Pridnestrovie → See Transnistria listing
Romania	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Russia – Russian Federation	UN member state	None	Russia is a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.^[l]
San Marino – Republic of San Marino	UN member state	None
Serbia – Republic of Serbia	UN member state	None	Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.^[l] The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo.
Slovakia – Slovak Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
South Ossetia → See South Ossetia listing
Spain – Kingdom of Spain	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c] Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities.^[l]^[ag]
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.^[c]
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation	UN member state	None	Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
Transnistria → See Transnistria listing
Turkey – Republic of Türkiye	UN member state	None
Ukraine	UN member state	None	Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea,^[l] which is under the de facto control of Russia, along with neighbouring Sevastopol, parts of the Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts.
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	UN member state	None	Former EU member.^[ah] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm^[ai] consisting of four constituent countries; England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following 13 overseas territories and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory: Akrotiri and Dhekelia Anguilla Bermuda British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands British Antarctic Territory The British monarch also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown Dependencies: Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey
Vatican City – Vatican City State	UN General Assembly observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies and the IAEA	None	Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to 183 states. This figure consists of 180 UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine.^[66] In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")^[41] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.
↑ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↑

↓ Other states ↓
Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia	No membership	BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by Georgia	Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, South Ossetia and Transnistria.^[44] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo	Member of two UN specialized agencies	Claimed by Serbia	Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.^[67] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 114 UN member states and the Republic of China, while 18 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.^[68] Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	No membership	Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus	Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.^[69]
South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania	No membership	BClaimed by AfghanistanClaimed by Georgia	A de facto independent state,^[70] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.^[47]
Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic	No membership	Claimed by Moldova	A de facto independent state,^[9] recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.^[44] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester.^[71]
↑ Other states ↑

↓ Dependent Territories ↓
Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia	British Overseas Territory	None
Bailiwick of Guernsey → Guernsey, Bailiwick of
Bailiwick of Jersey → Jersey
Faroe Islands	Danish Autonomous Territory	None
Gibraltar	British Overseas Territory	Claimed by Spain
Greenland	Danish Autonomous Territory	None
Guernsey, Bailiwick of	British Crown Dependency	None
Isle of Man	British Crown Dependency	None
Jan Mayen	Norwegian Territory	None
Jersey – Bailiwick of Jersey	British Crown Dependency	None
Svalbard	Norwegian Territory	None
Åland – Åland Islands	Finnish Autonomous Region	None
↑ Dependent Territories ↑

Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Turkey (all but Kazakhstan are members of the Council of Europe).
Entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe, and a member of the Council of Europe: Armenia and Cyprus.
States with limited recognition, entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe: Abkhazia, North Cyprus, and South Ossetia.

North America

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see North America: countries and territories.

Geologically, North America is joined with South America by the Isthmus of Panama to form the Americas.

Common and formal names	Membership within the UN System^[aj]	Sovereignty dispute^[ak]	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty^[al]

↓ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↓
Antigua and Barbuda	UN member state	None	Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm^[ai] with one autonomous region, Barbuda.^[l]
Bahamas, The – Commonwealth of The Bahamas^[73]	UN member state	None	The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.^[ai]
Barbados	UN member state	None
Belize	UN member state	None	Belize is a Commonwealth realm.^[ai]
Canada^[am]	UN member state	None	Canada is a Commonwealth realm^[ai] and a federation of 10 provinces and three territories.
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica	UN member state	None
Cuba – Republic of Cuba	UN member state	None
Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica	UN member state	None
Dominican Republic	UN member state	None
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador	UN member state	None
Grenada	UN member state	None	Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.^[ai]
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala	UN member state	None
Haiti – Republic of Haiti	UN member state	None
Honduras – Republic of Honduras	UN member state	None
Jamaica	UN member state	None	Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.^[ai]
Mexico – United Mexican States	UN member state	None	Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city. The Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities have de facto autonomy.
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua	UN member state	None	Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.^[l]
Panama – Republic of Panama	UN member state	None
Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis	UN member state	None	Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm^[ai] and is a federation^[f] of two islands, St. Kitts and Nevis.
Saint Lucia	UN member state	None	Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.^[ai]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	UN member state	None	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.^[ai]
The Bahamas → See Bahamas, The listing
Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	UN member state	None	Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, Tobago.^[l]
United States – United States of America	UN member state	None	The United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory. Additionally, the Federal government of the United States has sovereignty over 13 unincorporated territories. Of these territories, the following five are inhabited possessions: American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories: Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island Wake Island It also disputes sovereignty over the following two territories: Bajo Nuevo Bank Serranilla Bank Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association: Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia Palau – Republic of Palau
↑ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↑

↓ Dependent Territories ↓
Anguilla	British Overseas Territory	None
Aruba	Dutch Constituent Country	None
Bermuda – Bermuda Islands	British Overseas Territory	None
Bonaire	Dutch Special Municipality	None
British Virgin Islands – Virgin Islands	British Overseas Territory	None
Cayman Islands	British Overseas Territory	None
Clipperton Island	French State's Private Property	None
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico → Puerto Rico
Curaçao – Country of Curaçao	Dutch Constituent Country	None
Greenland	Danish Autonomous Territory	None
Guadeloupe	French Overseas Department and Region	None
Martinique	French Overseas Department and Region	None
Montserrat	British Overseas Territory	None
Navassa Island	US Insular Area	None
Puerto Rico – Commonwealth of Puerto Rico	US Insular Area	None
Saba	Dutch Special Municipality	None
Saint Barthélemy – Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy	French Overseas Collectivity	None
Saint Martin – Collectivity of Saint Martin	French Overseas Collectivity	None
Saint Pierre and Miquelon – Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon	French Overseas Collectivity	None
Sint Eustatius	Dutch Special Municipality	None
Sint Maarten	Dutch Constituent Country	None
Turks and Caicos Islands	British Overseas Territory	None
United States Virgin Islands – Virgin Islands of the United States	US Insular Area	None
Virgin Islands → British Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands of the United States → United States Virgin Islands
↑ Dependent Territories ↑

Transcontinental countries in North America or South America (depending on the boundary definition), classified as South American countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Colombia (Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina) and Venezuela (Nueva Esparta, the Federal Dependencies of Venezuela [including Isla de Aves]).
Transcontinental countries in Europe and North America, classified as Western European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) and France (Guadeloupe and Martinique).
States partially lying on the North American Plate, but commonly associated with Europe, and a member of the Council of Europe: Iceland, Portugal (Azores), and Russia (Commander Islands and Big Diomede).

Oceania

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Oceania: territories and regions.

Common and formal names	Membership within the UN System^[an]	Sovereignty dispute^[ao]	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty^[ap]

↓ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↓
Australia – Commonwealth of Australia	UN member state	None	Australia is a Commonwealth realm^[ai] and a federation of both states and territories. There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and one claimed Antarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are: Ashmore and Cartier Islands Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Coral Sea Islands Territory Heard Island and McDonald Islands Norfolk Island Australian Antarctic Territory
Cook Islands → See Cook Islands listing
Fiji – Republic of Fiji	UN member state	None	Fiji contains one autonomous region, Rotuma.^[l]^[74]^[75]
Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia	UN member state	None	Indonesia has eight autonomous provinces, Aceh, Jakarta, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.^[l]
Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati	UN member state	None
Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands	UN member state	None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia	UN member state	None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.
Nauru – Republic of Nauru	UN member state	None
New Zealand	UN member state	None	New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,^[ai] and has one dependent territory and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory of: Tokelau Ross Dependency The Realm of New Zealand has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states: Cook Islands Niue The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 49 and 18 UN members respectively.^[76]^[77]^[78] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,^[79] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.
Niue → See Niue listing
Palau – Republic of Palau	UN member state	None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea	UN member state	None	Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm^[ai] with one autonomous region, Bougainville.^[l]
Samoa – Independent State of Samoa	UN member state	None
Solomon Islands	UN member state	None	The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.^[ai]
Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga	UN member state	None
Tuvalu	UN member state	None	Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.^[ai]
Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu	UN member state	None
↑ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↑

↓ Other states ↓
Cook Islands	Member of eight UN specialized agencies	None (See political status)	A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with 52 states. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.^[79] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
Niue	Member of five UN specialized agencies	None (See political status)	A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue maintains diplomatic relations with 20 states. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.^[79] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
↑ Other states ↑

↓ Dependent Territories ↓
American Samoa – Territory of American Samoa	US Insular Area	None
Ashmore and Cartier Islands – Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Australian External Territory	Claimed by Indonesia
Baker Island	US Insular Area	None
Christmas Island – Territory of Christmas Island	Australian External Territory	None
Clipperton Island	French State's Private Property	None
Cocos (Keeling) Islands – Territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Australian External Territory	None
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands → Northern Mariana Islands
Coral Sea Islands – Coral Sea Islands Territory	Australian External Territory	None
French Polynesia – Overseas Lands of French Polynesia	French Overseas Collectivity	None
French Southern and Antarctic Lands	French Overseas Territory	None
Guam – Territory of Guam	US Insular Area	None
Heard Island and McDonald Islands – Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands	Australian External Territory	None
Howland Island	US Insular Area	None
Jarvis Island	US Insular Area	None
Johnston Atoll	US Insular Area	None
Kingman Reef	US Insular Area	None
Midway Atoll	US Insular Area	None
New Caledonia – Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies	French Sui Generis Collectivity	None
Norfolk Island – Territory of Norfolk Island	Australian External Territory	None
Northern Mariana Islands – Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands	US Insular Area	None
Palmyra Atoll	US Insular Area^[80]^[81]	None
Pitcairn Islands – Pitcairn Group of Islands	British Overseas Territory	None
Tokelau	New Zealand Dependent Territory	None
Wake Island	US Insular Area	Claimed by the Marshall Islands
Wallis and Futuna – Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands	French Overseas Collectivity	None
↑ Dependent Territories ↑

Transcontinental country in Asia and Oceania, classified as an Eastern Asian country by the United Nations Statistics Division: Japan (Ogasawara [also known as the Bonin Islands or as the Nanpō Islands]).
Transcontinental country in Asia and Oceania, classified as a Southeastern Asian country by the United Nations Statistics Division: Indonesia (Maluku Islands and Western New Guinea).
Entirely in Southeast Asia, but commonly associated with Oceania, and lying east of the biogeographical Wallace Line: East Timor.
Transcontinental country in North America and Oceania, classified as a Northern American country by the United Nations Statistics Division: United States (Hawaii).
Transcontinental countries in Oceania and South America, classified as South American countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Chile (Insular Chile) and Ecuador (Galápagos Islands).

South America

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see South America: demographics.

Geologically, South America is joined with North America by the Isthmus of Panama to form the Americas.

Common and formal names	Membership within the UN System^[aq]	Sovereignty dispute^[ar]	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty^[as]

↓ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↓
Argentina – Argentine Republic^[at]	UN member state	None	Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and one autonomous city.^[au]
Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia	UN member state	None
Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil	UN member state	None	Brazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district.
Chile – Republic of Chile	UN member state	None	^[av]
Colombia – Republic of Colombia	UN member state	None
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador	UN member state	None
Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana	UN member state	None
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay	UN member state	None
Peru – Republic of Peru	UN member state	None
Suriname – Republic of Suriname	UN member state	None
Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay	UN member state	None
Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela	UN member state	None	Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, one capital district, and federal dependencies.
↑ UN member states and General Assembly observer states ↑

↓ Dependent Territories ↓
Bouvet Island	Norwegian Dependent Territory	None
Falklands – Falkland Islands	British Overseas Territory	Claimed by Argentina Claimed by Ukraine
French Guiana – Guiana	French Overseas Department and Region	None
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	British Overseas Territory	None
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	British Overseas Territory	Claimed by Argentina Claimed by Ukraine
↑ Dependent Territories ↑

Transcontinental country in North America and South America, classified as a Central American country by the United Nations Statistics Division: Panama (South East Panama).
Transcontinental island countries and dependencies in South America or North America (depending on the boundary definition), classified as Caribbean countries and dependencies by the United Nations Statistics Division: Aruba, Curaçao, and Trinidad and Tobago (Only Trinidad and Tobago is an independent state).
Transcontinental countries in Europe and South America, classified as Western European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Netherlands (Bonaire) and France (French Guiana).

Antarctica

Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60°S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:

Argentina: Argentine Antarctica
Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory
Chile: Chilean Antarctic Territory
France: Adélie Land (part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
New Zealand: Ross Dependency
Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land
United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory
Terra nullius: Marie Byrd Land (unclaimed territory)

Russia and the United States have reserved the right to claim territory on Antarctica.

Subantarctic islands

Unlike Antarctica itself, other nearby Subantarctic island territories most commonly associated with the Antarctic continent, but lying north of 60°S, have had full sovereignty established over them by a governing state.

The following dependent territories are situated within the wider Antarctic region, but are not directly part of the Antarctic Treaty System:

Name	Status	Region	Capital
Bouvet Island	Dependency of Norway	Atlantic Ocean	—
French Southern and Antarctic Lands	Overseas territory of France	Indian Ocean	Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands) Port-aux-Français (Kerguelen Islands) Martin-de-Viviès (Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands	External territory of Australia	Indian Ocean	—
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	British overseas territory	Atlantic Ocean	King Edward Point

In addition to the dependent territories listed above, the following islands are governed as a direct part of a controlling state. Thus they are fully and legally integrated within the governance structure of the respective state. They are similarly also not part of the Antarctic Treaty System.

Administering Country	Name	Status	Region	Subdivisions
Australia	Macquarie Island	Part of the State of Tasmania.	Oceania	—
New Zealand	New Zealand Subantarctic Islands	Governed directly, not within local municipal structure.	Oceania	The Antipodes Islands, the Auckland Islands, the Bounty Islands, the Campbell Islands, and the Snares Islands.
South Africa	Prince Edward Islands	Part of the City of Cape Town.	Africa	Prince Edward Island and Marion Island.

Notes

^ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranational union. The EU has 27 member states.^[55]
^
Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
^ The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.^[4]
^ ^a ^b ^c More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.^[5]
^ Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
^ Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
^ The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.
^ Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.
^ Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.^[72]
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
^
Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
^ ^a ^b The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, or by another alternative name.
^ ^a ^b In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CCP established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organisation withdrew as a consequence of this but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
^ See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of China.
^ The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the official English name of the country.
^ The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See Names of Myanmar.
^ Formerly known as Ceylon until 1972.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
^
Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
^ A simpler official short name has been encouraged by the Czech government, "Czechia". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organisations. See Name of the Czech Republic.
^ The designation "Denmark" can refer either to continental Denmark or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations).
^ Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
^ France's claimed Antarctic territory of Adélie Land (Terre Adélie) is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
^ While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"^[62]^[63] and sometimes its counterpart Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".^[64] One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, note that in this usage "republic" is not capitalised.
^ "Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger island of Ireland, however, this is officially deprecated.^[65] See names of the Irish state.
^ The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to metropolitan Netherlands or to the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations).
^ Formerly known constitutionally as the Republic of Macedonia from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the Macedonia naming dispute with Greece. Following the Prespa agreement going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed to North Macedonia.
^ Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco, known as the Plazas de soberanía.
^ The UK formally withdrew from the European Union on 31 January 2020. The state saw a provisional transition period out of the supranational union in 2020, see Brexit, Post-Brexit relations.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
^
Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
^ The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
^
Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
^
Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
^ The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
^ Argentina's claimed Antarctic territory of Argentine Antarctica (Antártida Argentina) is one of five constituent departments of the province Tierra del Fuego.^[82]
^ Chile's claimed Antarctic territory of the Chilean Antarctic (Antártica Chilena) is a commune of the Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes Region.

References

^ "Informative Note on the Diplomatic Relations of the Holy See".
^ "Diplomatic Relations".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006). "United Nations Member States". United Nations. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Tanya Basu (14 December 2013). "Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
^ Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.
^ "The Gambia profile". BBC News. 14 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei". UNmissions.org. 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Abyei Administration Area Changes Name". Gurtong.net. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b Ker-Lindsay, James (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780199698394. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013. In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognized by any states: Transnistria, Artsakh, and Somaliland.
^ Kreuter, Aaron (2010). "Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession" (PDF). Minnesota Journal of International Law. 19 (2). University of Minnesota Law School: 380–381. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013. Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.
^ International Crisis Group (23 May 2006). "Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership" (PDF). The Africa Report (110). Groupe Jeune Afrique: 10–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
^ Mesfin, Berouk (September 2009). "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF). ISS Paper (200). Institute for Security Studies: 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
^ Arieff, Alexis. "De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland" (PDF). Yale Journal of International Affairs (Spring/Summer 2008). International Affairs Council at Yale: 1–79. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
^ "Somaliland profile". BBC News. 14 December 2017. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
^ "Taliban announce new government for Afghanistan". BBC News. 7 September 2021.
^ ^a ^b "U.N. Seats Denied, for Now, to Afghanistan's Taliban and Myanmar's Junta". The New York Times. 1 December 2021.
^ "Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan" (PDF). Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2009.
^ Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country" Archived 13 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az
^ "Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy". News.Az. 5 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014. We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.
^ Andreas S. Kakouris (9 July 2010). "Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014. Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.
^ Iraqi constitution Archived 18 May 2016 at the Portuguese Web Archive
^ "Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel". www.knesset.gov.il. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
^ "Disputes: International". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
^ Bell, Abraham (28 January 2008). "International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
^ Salih, Zak M. (17 November 2005). "Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status". University of Virginia School of Law. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
^ "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation". Human Rights Watch. 29 October 2004. Archived from the original on 1 November 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
^ Sanger, Andrew (2011). "The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla". In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. doi:10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14. ISBN 978-90-6704-811-8. It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.
* Scobbie, Iain (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst (ed.). International Law and the Classification of Conflicts. Oxford University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-19-965775-9. Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.
* Gawerc, Michelle (2012). Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships. Lexington Books. p. 44. ISBN 9780739166109. In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.
^ "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea". Archived from the original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
^ Keun Min. "Greetings". Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
^ Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.
^ Aslam, Tasnim (11 December 2006). "Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part..." Outlook India. The Outlook Group. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
^ Williams, Kristen P. (2001). Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-275-96934-9.
^ Pruthi, R.K. (2001). An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-81-261-1091-9.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ^a ^b "To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
^ "AJ&K History". Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
^ Lansford, Tom (2014-04-08). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781483333281. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
^ "The Azad Jammu And Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
^ Palestine Liberation Organization. "Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission". Negotiations Affairs Department. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
^
See the following on statehood criteria:
- Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010). "Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute" (PDF). pp. 28, 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".
- McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994). "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine". Seattle University Law Review. 18 (93). Seattle University: 97. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
- McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009). "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute". Human Rights Brief. 25. Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
^ ^a ^b "Non-member States and Entities". United Nations. 29 February 2008. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. "Arab States: Palestine". United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
^ "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. 18 March 2021. pp. 40–41.
^ ^a ^b ^c Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же (in Russian). newsru.com. 17 November 2006. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
^ The World Factbook Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2006.
^ Jansen, Dinah (2009). "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm". Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security. Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie: 222–242. ISBN 978-1-896440-61-3. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions". CNN.com. Cable News Network. 26 August 2008. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2008.
^ "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 8 October 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
^ 中華民國國情介紹. 2.16.886.101.20003. 22 March 2017.
^ van der Wees, Gerrit. "Is Taiwan's International Space Expanding or Contracting?". thediplomat.com. The Diplomat. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
^ "Andorra country profile". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
^ "Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan" (PDF). Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2009.
^ Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country" Archived 13 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az
^ "Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy". News.Az. 5 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014. We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.
^ Europa Archived 18 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 28 February 2011
^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania (23 September 2020). "Lithuanian Foreign Ministry's statement on the situation in Belarus". Retrieved 14 March 2022.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Stjepanović, Dejan (2015). "Dual Substate Citizenship as Institutional Innovation: The Case of Bosnia's Brčko District". Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 21 (4): 382–383. doi:10.1080/13537113.2015.1095043. eISSN 1557-2986. ISSN 1353-7113. OCLC 5927465455. S2CID 146578107.
^ Andreas S. Kakouris (9 July 2010). "Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014. Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.
^ "Statsministeriet - Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands". Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
^ "Statsministeriet - the Greenland Home Rule Act". Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
^ Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.
^ "Iceland - Culture, History, & People". Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). unstats.un.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Hvert er formlegt heiti landsins okkar?". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
^ Daly, Mary E. (January 2007). "The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"?". Journal of British Studies. 46 (1). Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies: 72–90. doi:10.1086/508399. JSTOR 10.1086/508399.
^ "Bilateral relations of the Holy See". Holy See website. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
^ "United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo". UN. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ "Sijera Leone je 18. država koja je povukla priznanje tzv. Kosova" − http://www.mfa.gov.rs/
^ The World Factbook Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2006.
^ Jansen, Dinah (2009). "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm". Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security. Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie: 222–242. ISBN 978-1-896440-61-3. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
^ Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester
^ Government of Antigua and Barbuda. "Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act" (PDF). Laws of Antigua and Barbuda. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
^ "Bahamas, The | The Commonwealth". thecommonwealth.org. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ "Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji (1978 ed.). Suva, Fiji: Government of Fiji. 1927. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
^ Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister (1978). "Chapter 122: Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji. University of the South Pacific. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
^ Federal Foreign Office of Germany (November 2009). "Beziehungen zu Deutschland". Government of Germany. Archived from the original on 23 July 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010. For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.
^ China Internet Information Centre (13 December 2007). "Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 1 August 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
^ Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations. "Foreign Affairs". United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Article 102, Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 8, Volume VI (1989–1994)" (PDF). untreaty.un.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
^ "PALMYRA ATOLL". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 7 April 2020. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^ "UNITED STATES". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^ "Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica". Patagonia-Argentina. Retrieved September 12, 2020.

External links

[4] This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.

[5] This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.

[EU-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranational union. The EU has 27 member states.^[55]

[7] Information is included on:
The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[5] The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

[6] Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

[7] Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

[8] ral structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

[9] Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

[10] Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

[11] Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[9] The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.^[4]

[federal-11] More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.^[5]

[12] Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.

[13] Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.

[14] The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.

[15] Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.

[17] Also known as Guinea-Conakry.

[autonomous-18] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.^[72]

[27] This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.

[28] This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.

[29] Information is included on:
The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[23] The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

[24] Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

[25] Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

[26] ral structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

[27] Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

[28] Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

[29] Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[ChinaTaiwan-35] The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, or by another alternative name.

[TAI2-36] In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CCP established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organisation withdrew as a consequence of this but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.

[37] See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of China.

[39] The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the official English name of the country.

[49] The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See Names of Myanmar.

[64] Formerly known as Ceylon until 1972.

[72] This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.

[73] This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.

[74] Information is included on:
The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[39] The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

[40] Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

[41] Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

[42] ral structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

[43] Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

[44] Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

[45] Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[83] A simpler official short name has been encouraged by the Czech government, "Czechia". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organisations. See Name of the Czech Republic.

[84] The designation "Denmark" can refer either to continental Denmark or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations).

[87] Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.

[Adélie-88] France's claimed Antarctic territory of Adélie Land (Terre Adélie) is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.

[Republic-93] While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"^[62]^[63] and sometimes its counterpart Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".^[64] One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, note that in this usage "republic" is not capitalised.

[95] "Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger island of Ireland, however, this is officially deprecated.^[65] See names of the Irish state.

[96] The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to metropolitan Netherlands or to the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations).

[97] Formerly known constitutionally as the Republic of Macedonia from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the Macedonia naming dispute with Greece. Following the Prespa agreement going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed to North Macedonia.

[Plazas-98] Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco, known as the Plazas de soberanía.

[brexit-99] The UK formally withdrew from the European Union on 31 January 2020. The state saw a provisional transition period out of the supranational union in 2020, see Brexit, Post-Brexit relations.

[realm-100] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.

[107] This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.

[108] This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.

[109] Information is included on:
The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[60] The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

[61] Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

[62] Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

[63] ral structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

[64] Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

[65] Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

[66] Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[112] The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.

[113] This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.

[114] This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.

[115] Information is included on:
The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[71] The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

[72] Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

[73] Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

[74] ral structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

[75] Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

[76] Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

[77] Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[124] This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.

[125] This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.

[126] Information is included on:
The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[81] The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

[82] Membership in the European Union,^[c] where applicable,

[83] Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

[84] ral structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

[85] Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

[86] Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

[87] Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[127] The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.

[ArgentineAntarctica-129] Argentina's claimed Antarctic territory of Argentine Antarctica (Antártida Argentina) is one of five constituent departments of the province Tierra del Fuego.^[82]

[ChileanAntarctic-130] Chile's claimed Antarctic territory of the Chilean Antarctic (Antártica Chilena) is a commune of the Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes Region.

[1] "Informative Note on the Diplomatic Relations of the Holy See".

[2] "Diplomatic Relations".

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[8] Tanya Basu (14 December 2013). "Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.

[10] Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.

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[montevideo-21] Ker-Lindsay, James (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780199698394. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013. In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognized by any states: Transnistria, Artsakh, and Somaliland.

[FailureofStates-22] Kreuter, Aaron (2010). "Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession" (PDF). Minnesota Journal of International Law. 19 (2). University of Minnesota Law School: 380–381. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013. Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.

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[occ-46] Sanger, Andrew (2011). "The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla". In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. doi:10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14. ISBN 978-90-6704-811-8. It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.
* Scobbie, Iain (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst (ed.). International Law and the Classification of Conflicts. Oxford University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-19-965775-9. Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.
* Gawerc, Michelle (2012). Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships. Lexington Books. p. 44. ISBN 9780739166109. In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.

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Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010). "Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute" (PDF). pp. 28, 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".

McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994). "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine". Seattle University Law Review. 18 (93). Seattle University: 97. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".

McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009). "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute". Human Rights Brief. 25. Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."

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