Битва при Айзу

Битва при Айзу
Часть партийных войн
Атака замка Адзу-Вакамацу во время битвы при Айзу.
Дата 6 октября 1868 г. - 6 ноября 1868 г. Расположение Использование 37,30 ° N 139,56 ° E / 37,30; 139,56 Результат Имперская победа
Воинственники
Imperial faction: Satsuma Domain Chōshū Domain Tosa Domain Hiroshima Domain Ōgaki Domain Sadowara Domain Kiheitai Jinshotai Shin'itai	Shogunate faction: Northern Alliance Aizu Domain Shinsengumi Shōgitai Jōshitai Yūgekitai
Commanders and leaders
Satchōdo Army: Saionji Kinmochi Itagaki Taisuke Yamagata Aritomo Ijichi Masaharu Kuroda Kiyotaka Kirino Toshiaki Sharpshooters: Murata Tsuneyoshi	Matsudaira Katamori Saigō Tanomo Yamakawa Hiroshi Kayano Gonbei Tanaka Tosa† Saitō Hajime Nakano Takeko†
Strength
15,000 combatants 75,000 reinforcement	5,000 combatants (9,400 in total: 3,500 clans soldiers, 5,900 samurais, dozens of female warriors)
Casualties and losses
unknown	2,977 killed

Битва при Айзу (японский: 会津戦争, «Война Айзу») велась в северной Японии с октября по ноябрь осенью 1868 года и была частью войны в Бошине .

История

Айзу был известен своим военным навыком и поддерживался в любой момент времени, когда стоящая армия из 5000 человек часто была направлена ​​на операции по безопасности на северных окраинах страны, на севере, до южного сахалина . Кроме того, в период, непосредственно до, во время и после прибытия Коммодора Перри , Aizu присутствовал в операциях безопасности вокруг залива Эдо.

Во время пребывания 9 -го поколения лорда Мацудайра Катамори домен развернул огромное количество своих войск в Киото, где Катамори служил Киото Шугошоку . Заработав ненависть к домену Чош и отчуждение своего союзника, домена Сацума, Катамори отступил с Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu в 1868 году.

Though the Satchōdo controlled Imperial Court, following Yoshinobu's resignation, called for the punishment of Katamori and Aizu as "enemies of the Court," (朝敵) he took great pains to demonstrate Aizu's submission to the new Imperialist government, finally acquiescing to calls for war later in 1868, during the Boshin War. Though the Aizu forces fought as part of the greater efforts of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, they were eventually abandoned (after the loss at the Battle of Bonari Pass) by the forces of the former Bakufu under Ōtori Keisuke. Aizu, now fighting alone, had its forces besieged at Tsuruga Castle, the seat of the Aizu domain, on October 6, 1868. This was the start of a month-long siege.

A detached unit from the Byakkotai ("White Tiger Company") — young, predominantly teenage, samurai — are famous for having committed seppuku (a form of ritual suicide) on Mount Iimori, overlooking the castle. Because of the smoke from the burning castle town, which was in between them and the castle itself, they mistakenly assumed that the castle had fallen to the Satchōdo forces. Their story is known because of the only one among them whose suicide was unsuccessful: Iinuma Sadakichi.

A remnant of Shinsengumi, a special police force which Aizu had supervised while in Kyoto, was present at the battle, under the command of Saitō Hajime. In addition, survivors from the Shōgitai engaged in the fighting, as did the Tosa Jinshōtai and the Shin'itai, a regiment of Shintō priests performing the role of spiritual advisors to the attacking Imperial forces.

After a month under siege, on November 6, 1868, Aizu officials agreed to surrender, through the mediation of their neighbor, the Yonezawa Domain. Soon after, Matsudaira Katamori, his son Nobunori, and the senior retainers came before the imperial commanders in person, and offered their unconditional surrender. The samurai population was sent away to prisoner of war camps in the Tsugaru Peninsula, and the Aizu domain, as it had been since the mid-17th century, ceased to exist.

Gallery

• 
  Поврежденный замок Адзу-Вакамацу сразу после битвы при Айзу
• 
  Реконструкция айзу канонеров во время войны в Бошине.
• 
  Byakkotai Warriors
• 
  Реконструкция молодых воинов Айзу во время войны в Бошине.
• 
  Aizu War Records от Adachi Ginko 1877

Ссылки

• Noguchi Shinichi, Aizu-Han . ISBN   4-7684-7102-1 )
• Byakkotai.net