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Bremanger

Coordinates: 61°48′31″N 05°25′15″E / 61.80861°N 5.42083°E / 61.80861; 5.42083
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This article is about the municipality in Nordfjord, Norway. For the village on Bremangerlandet island in Norway, see Bremanger (village).
Bremanger Municipality
Bremanger kommune
Municipality
View of the Grotle beach area in Bremanger
View of the Grotle beach area in Bremanger
Flag of Bremanger Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Bremanger Municipality
Coat of arms
Vestland within Norway
Vestland within Norway
Bremanger within Vestland
Bremanger within Vestland
Coordinates: 61°48′31″N 05°25′15″E / 61.80861°N 5.42083°E / 61.80861; 5.42083
CountryNorway
CountyVestland
DistrictNordfjord
Established1 Jan 1866
 • Preceded byKinn
Administrative centreSvelgen
Government
 • Mayor (2019)Anne Kristin Førde (Ap)
Area
 • Total833.13 km2 (321.67 sq mi)
 • Land786.43 km2 (303.64 sq mi)
 • Water46.69 km2 (18.03 sq mi)  5.6%
 • Rank#138 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total3,482
 • Rank#215 in Norway
 • Density4.4/km2 (11/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Decrease −11.7%
DemonymBremangar[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4648[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Bremanger is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village of Svelgen is the administrative centre of the municipality. Other villages include Bremanger, Berle, Davik, Isane, Kalvåg, Svelgen, Rugsund, and Ålfoten. Bremanger is the only municipality in Vestland, which is located in two districts. The northern and eastern parts comprising the villages of Oldeide, Berle, Rugsund, Davik, Isane, and Ålfoten is located in the Nordfjord region, while the villages of Bremanger, Kalvåg, Svelgen, Sørgulen, and Botnane are located in the Sunnfjord region. Politically, the municipality works with the Nordfjord region in the council of Nordfjord municipalities.

Bremanger has many tourist destinations such as Kalvåg, which has one of the largest and best-kept waterfront environment in the county, the Grotlesanden ocean beach, the Hornelen mountain, with the tallest sea cliff in Northern Europe, Rock carvings at Vingen, and the old trading stations of Rugsund and Smørhavn. The Bortne Tunnel was completed in 2013 to more easily connect the outer islands of Bremanger to the municipal centre of Svelgen. The Skatestraum Tunnel and Rugsund Bridge connect the islands to the mainland.

The 833-square-kilometre (322 sq mi) municipality is the 138th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Bremanger is the 215th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,482. The municipality's population density is 4.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 11.7% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

General information

[edit]
Rugsund Church
Drawing of Davik parish

The parish of Kinn was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The northern district of Kinn was established as the parish (prestegjeld) of Bremanger within the municipality of Kinn in 1864. On 1 January 1866, the parish of Bremanger was established as a separate municipality with a population of 1,852. The Bremanger parish was sub-divided into new sub-parishes in the early 1900s. Midtgulen sub-parish was created in 1903 and Bremangerpollen in 1908.[6]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the Husefest and Breivik farms were transferred from Bremanger to the neighboring municipality of Flora. On 1 January 1965, the neighboring municipality of Davik was dissolved and most of it was transferred to Bremanger. All of Davik south of the Nordfjorden and all the islands except Husevågøy, Grindøy, Gangsøy, and Risøy were merged into Bremanger. This added 1,567 residents to the population of Bremanger, bringing the new total to 5,600.[6][7]

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly created Vestland county after Sogn og Fjordane and Hordaland counties were merged.

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the local Bremangerpollen fjord (Old Norse: Brimangr). The first element is brim which means "breaker wave" or "heavy sea". The last element is angr which means "bay" or "inlet".[8]

Coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms was granted on 24 October 1986. The official blazon is "Quartered embowed azure and argent" (Norwegian: Firedelt av blått og sølv med virvelsnitt). This means the arms have are divided into four embowed waves. The field (background) alternates between the four waves. The top and bottom waves have a tincture of blue and the other two waves have a tincture of argent which means they are commonly colored white, but if the arms are made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms symbolize the sea and hydro-electric power, both of which are of great economic importance to the municipality. The arms were designed by Inge Rotevatn. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10][11]

Churches

[edit]

The Church of Norway has seven parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Bremanger. It is part of the Nordfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

Churches in Bremanger
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Berle Berle Church Berle 1977
Bremanger Bremanger Church Bremanger 1914
Davik Davik Church Davik 1886
Frøya Frøya Church Frøya 1865
Midtgulen Midtgulen Church Midtgulen 1904
Rugsund Rugsund Church Rugsund 1838
Ålfoten Ålfoten Church Ålfoten 1600

Government

[edit]

Bremanger Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[12] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Sogn og Fjordane District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Bremanger is made up of 23 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Bremanger kommunestyre 2023–2027 [13]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:23
Bremanger kommunestyre 2019–2023 [14]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:23
Bremanger kommunestyre 2015–2019 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:23
Bremanger kommunestyre 2011–2015 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:23
Bremanger kommunestyre 2007–2011 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:23
Bremanger kommunestyre 2003–2007 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:23
Bremanger kommunestyre 1999–2003 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:23
Bremanger kommunestyre 1995–1999 [17]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:23
Bremanger kommunestyre 1991–1995 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Bremanger kommunestyre 1987–1991 [19]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:33
Bremanger kommunestyre 1983–1987 [20]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 16
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:37
Bremanger kommunestyre 1979–1983 [21]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Election list for Kalvåg and Bremanger (Valliste for Kalvåg og Bremanger)11
 Local list for Svelgen, Kjelkenes, and Nesbø (Kretsliste for Svelgen, Kjelkenes og Nesbø)4
Total number of members:37
Bremanger kommunestyre 1975–1979 [22]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Election list for Kalvåg and Bremanger (Valliste for Kalvåg og Bremanger)12
Total number of members:37
Bremanger kommunestyre 1971–1975 [23]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 31
Total number of members:37
Bremanger kommunestyre 1967–1971 [24]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 31
Total number of members:37
Bremanger kommunestyre 1963–1967 [25]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 28
Total number of members:29
Bremanger heradsstyre 1959–1963 [26]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 24
Total number of members:29
Bremanger heradsstyre 1955–1959 [27]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 1
  List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders (Arbeidarar, fiskarar, småbrukarar liste) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 26
Total number of members:29
Bremanger heradsstyre 1951–1955 [28]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 12
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 7
Total number of members:29
Bremanger heradsstyre 1947–1951 [29]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 3
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 11
Total number of members:29
Bremanger heradsstyre 1945–1947 [30]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders (Arbeidarar, fiskarar, småbrukarar liste) 3
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 13
Total number of members:26
Bremanger heradsstyre 1937–1941* [31]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders (Arbeidarar, fiskarar, småbrukarar liste) 10
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 7
Total number of members:26
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

[edit]

The mayor (ordførar) of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. The mayors (Nynorsk: ordførar) of Bremanger:[32]

  • 1866-1869: Rasmus Andreas Lexau
  • 1870-1871: Gullak Vindspoll
  • 1872-1873: Nils Øvrebotten
  • 1874-1875: Absalon Gulestøl
  • 1876-1879: Nils Øvrebotten
  • 1880-1880: Eilert O. Nøttingnes
  • 1881-1881: Didrik Lexau
  • 1882-1890: Eilert O. Nøttingnes
  • 1891-1891: Anders Hauge
  • 1892-1896: Abraham N. Øvrebotnen
  • 1897-1898: Didrik Lexau
  • 1898–1913: Kristofer Indrehus (V)
  • 1913-1913: Didrik Værøy
  • 1914-1914: Augustinus Nordbotten
  • 1915-1916: Didrik Værøy
  • 1917-1919: Augustinus Nordbotten
  • 1920-1928: Henrik Grotle
  • 1929-1941: Alf Torvanger
  • 1945-1951: Alf Torvanger
  • 1952-1959: Reidar Torvanger
  • 1960–1965: Mons Monsen (Ap)
  • 1966–1967: Alf Bakke (LL)
  • 1968–1979: Abraham Øvrebotten (Ap)
  • 1980–1981: Bjarne Haugland (V)
  • 1982–1988: Svein Kåre Senneset (Ap)
  • 1988–1996: Roar Førde (H)
  • 1996–2004: Einar Kjerpeset (Sp)
  • 2004–2011: Kåre Olav Svarstad (Ap)
  • 2011–2015: Karl Vidar Førde (Sp)
  • 2015–2019: Audun Åge Røys (H)
  • 2019–present: Anne Kristin Førde (Ap)

Geography

[edit]
Grotlesanden
The mountain Blånibba. Seen from the glacier Myklebustbreen.
Vindspollen
The high cliff on the west side of Gjegnen mountain. It is called "Galleriet". The cliff is from the west side of Gjegnen to Bjørndalsvatnet.

Bremanger is located along the south side of the Nordfjorden. Most of the municipality is on the mainland, but there are many islands that are also part of the municipality including Bremangerlandet, Rugsundøya, and Frøya, the three largest. These islands are separated from the mainland by the Frøysjøen strait.

Bremanger is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Vågsøy and Eid (across the fjord), to the east by Gloppen, to the south by Flora, and to the west by the North Sea. The Frøysjøen is the sea between the mainland and the main islands of Bremangerlandet and Frøya. The Gulen fjord branches off of the Frøysjøen, and that fjord splits off into the Nordgulen, Midtgulen, and Sørgulen. On the east end of the municipality is the Isefjord and Ålfotfjorden. Valleys in the municipality include the Førdedalen.[33]

Industry

[edit]

Elkem Bremanger is the largest company in Bremanger. The company's own port facility provides good and regular connections with the main ports of Norway and the rest of Europe. Elkem Bremanger has specialized in the manufacturing of silicon metal, ferrosilicon, and specialty inoculants. Silicon metals are primarily used in electronics, solar, and aluminium industries.

The variety of Elkem Bremanger's operations shows the importance it places on both tradition and looking toward the future. The expansion of hydropower resources began in 1917, while the first pig iron production began in 1928. The company then developed and patented several of its production processes, and today manufactures metallurgic products and chemicals for the world market. Much has happened since 1917, but the company is still known for its developmental know-how and state-of-the-art technology.[34]

Attractions

[edit]

Tongane Coastal Fortress

[edit]

Tongane Coastal Fortress lies on the western end of the island of Rugsundøya near the mouth of the Nordfjorden. This is one of the largest German fortifications which was built in Norway during World War II. The coastal fort was attacked under the well-known Måløy raid, Operation Archery, during Christmas 1941. The majority of the fortification still remains, among other the main cannons and soldier's barracks. The fort at Rugsundøy is situated with a good view over the approach to the town of Måløy and the entrance to Nordfjorden.[35]

Ålfotbreen Glacier

[edit]

The Ålfotbreen glacier, the westernmost glacier in Norway, is located at an elevation of 1,682 metres (5,518 ft) above sea level. Ålfotbreen Glacier can be reached by foot on marked footpaths or walking with a guide. Ålfotbreen Glacier can be seen from the road in the village of Ålfoten. The Gjegnalundsbreen glacier lies northeast of the Ålfotbreen glacier.[35]

Hornelen

[edit]

The legendary mountain cliff Hornelen is situated straight across the fjord from Vingen rock carving site. Many legends are linked to this mountain which is Europe's tallest sea cliff. It raises 860 metres (2,820 ft) over the sea and is a good landmark for ships. Over the centuries, it has been a well-known sailing mark. The trip to the top of Hornelen takes approximately 3 hours from Hunskår, or 4 hours from Berleneset.[35]

Kalvåg

[edit]

The fishing village of Kalvåg is the largest and best preserved fishing village in Western Norway. In 1860, there were thousands of people working in the large herring fisheries. Today, approximately 500 people live there.

Vamråkbuene is situated in Kalvåg. During the large herring fisheries in the middle of the 18th century, thousands of fishermen visited Kalvåg. Vamråkbuene represents one part of the trading life that the herring fisheries created, and today it is part of the Coastal museum in Vestland.[35]

Myklebust Farm

[edit]

At the Myklebust hill farm, there is still a working hill farm. The hill farm in Ålfoten is authentic and unique in this part of Norway. Many of the local hill farms have stopped running and following the tradition of moving the livestock to the hill farms in the summer.[35]

Rugsund

[edit]

The islands of Storøya and Litleøya (Big island and Little island) lie in the sound, providing shelter for the old trading post at Rugsund. The excellent, sheltered harbour centrally located beside the inner shipping fairway along the coast was popular with seafarers. Today, the harbour is very popular with boat tourists who have seriously begun to discover the attractions of this peaceful, idyllic harbour.

Rugsund Handelsstad is a preserved trading post dated back to the 17th century. The historical and restored buildings are clustered around the edge of the sea.[35]

Smørhavn Handelstad

[edit]

Smørhamn Handelstad (Old Trading Post) is from the 16th century and has been an important junction point for clippers and cutters (sailing boats) between Nordfjord and Bergen. The trading post was important to fishermen and to local inhabitants in the area. Here you could buy everything from sharpening stones, pins, syrup to soap, together with beer and distilled spirits. In 1790, there were approximately 30 houses in Smørhamn. Today, there are a few boat houses and houses. Presently, Smørhamn Handelstad is privately owned and not open to tourists. You can see the trading post from the road and from the sea approximately 4 km from the centre of Kalvåg.[35]

Vingen

[edit]

The Rock carvings at Vingen is one of the largest rock carving sites in Northern Europe. Animal carvings, human figures, and many other abstract symbols are sketched on the mountains. The oldest dates back 4,500 years. In all, more than 1,500 figures are registered. Vingen has probably been a cultist meeting place in the region for thousands of years.[35]

Botnane

[edit]

If you stop at the grave mounds at Botnane you get a feeling of the Bronze Age. There are altogether 8 mounds dating back to early Stone Age and Bronze Age. Because some of them are so large, it's easy to see them from the road.[35]

Historic churches

[edit]

Ålfoten Church

[edit]

Ålfoten Church is the oldest wooden church in Nordfjord. The log timber church was built in 1610 on the site of an earlier stave church. In the small church, its history is still on the walls, which is a testimony to life and destiny of the remote fjord through the ages.[35]

Rugsund Church

[edit]

Rugsund Church was built at the beginning of the 1930s. It is a very interesting church and is rich in decoration with wall paintings, Mosaic glass, and carvings. The church was designed by Hans Ditlev F. Linstow. It is often said to be the most beautiful church in Nordfjord.[35]

Vetvika beach, Bremanger, Norway

Vicarage

[edit]

The poet-priest Claus Frimann lived and worked in Davik. Frimann (1780–1822) established a reading room for the village's young men and women. But he didn't just carry out unselfish activities. In his official capacity he also looked after the large estate and was also known to be rather zealous in collection of debts and land taxes. Frimann is best known as a "poet priest" and he has often been mentioned in the same connection as Petter Dass. The vicarage is situated on the priest's farm estate. Here you can see a memorial column to Claus Frimann at the church.[35]

Beaches

[edit]

Grotlesanden is one of the largest sandy beaches in outer Bremanger. Here there is silky soft sand as far as the eye can see.

Vetvika is situated on the north-western side of Bremangerlandet island. Vetvika is accessible only by boat or foot. Vetvika has a beautiful sandy beach and an old graveyard. Vetvika is deserted since the 1950s, but the houses still remain well kept as holiday houses. The largest farm in Bremanger in early times was the farm Solheim at Vetvika. The farm is situated on the northern side of Vetvika.[35]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ a b Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  7. ^ Natvik, Oddvar (9 February 2005). "Some historical data on the 26 Kommunes". Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  8. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1919). Norske gaardnavne: Nordre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (12 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 375.
  9. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. 7 April 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Bremanger, Sogn og Fjordane (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 24 October 1986. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  12. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  15. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Sogn og Fjordane". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  22. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  23. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  26. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  27. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  28. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  29. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  30. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  31. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  32. ^ "Ordførarar i Bremanger". NRK Fylkesleksikon (in Norwegian Nynorsk). Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  33. ^ Borten Moe, Ole (9 July 2014). "På kollisjonskurs med folkestyret" [On collision course with democracy]. Bergens tidende (in Norwegian). Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  34. ^ "Elkem Bremanger". Elkem Silicon. 6 July 2006. Archived from the original on 23 August 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Bremanger Municipality in Norway". GoNorway.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
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