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USB4

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USB4
Deprecated USB4 40 Gbps logo
Type USB
Production history
Designer USB Promoter Group
Designed 29 August 2019; 4 years ago (2019-08-29)
Superseded USB 3.2
Daisy chain No
Audio signal DisplayPort
Video signal DisplayPort
Connector USB-C
Electrical
Max. voltage 48 V (PD 3.1)
Max. current 5 A (PD)
Data
Data signal Yes
Bitrate 20 Gbit/s (optionally up to 120 Gbit/s)
USB4 Gen3x2 cable (40 Gbps) with 100 W Power Delivery

USB4 (Universal Serial Bus 4), sometimes erroneously referred to as USB 4.0, is the most recent technical specification of the USB (Universal Serial Bus) data communication standard. The USB Implementers Forum originally announced USB4 in 2019.

USB4 enables multiple devices to dynamically share a single high-speed data link. USB4 devices must support a data communication bit rate of at least 20 gigabits (Gbit/s). The current version allows bit rates of 40 Gbit/s (since USB4 version 1.0), 80 Gbit/s (since USB4 version 2.0).[1][2] USB4 is only defined for the USB-C connector and its Type-C specification[3] regulates the connector, cables and also power delivery features across all uses of USB-C cables, in part[4] with the USB Power Delivery specification.[5]

USB4 architecture incorporates and mandates parts of the USB2, USB3 and DisplayPort specifications[6]. This way a downstream facing USB4 port (colloquially "Host port") is backwards compatible / can substitute for USB2, USB3 and DP ports. As well as support the new USB4 connections that essentially virtualize / "tunnel" those existing connections to allow any combination of them over a single cable. In addition to these also natively available connections, USB4 also supports tunneling more advanced connections, such as PCI Express and Ethernet. USB4 also incorporates elements of / shares elements and principles with the Thunderbolt 3 protocol; however, interoperability with Thunderbolt 3 products is mandatory only on select USB4 device types.[7]

History

[edit]

USB4 was announced in March 2019.[8][9] The USB4 specification version 1.0, released 29 August 2019, uses "Universal Serial Bus 4" and specifically "USB4", that is, the short name branding is deliberate without a separating space, which is different from prior versions. Several news reports before the release of that version use the terminology "USB 4.0" and "USB 4".[10][11] Even after publication of rev. 1.0, some sources write "USB 4", claiming "to reflect the way readers search".[12]

At time of publication of version 1.0, promoter companies having employees that participated in the USB4 Specification technical work group were: Apple Inc., Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Renesas Electronics, STMicroelectronics, and Texas Instruments.

Goals stated in the USB4 specification are increasing bandwidth, helping to converge the USB-C connector ecosystem, and "minimize end-user confusion". Some of the key areas to achieve this are using a single USB-C connector type, while retaining compatibility with existing USB and Thunderbolt products.[13]

On 29 April 2020, DisplayPort Alt Mode version 2.0 was released[relevant?], supporting DisplayPort 2.0 over USB4.[14]

On 1 September 2022, the USB Promoter Group announced the pending release of the USB4 Version 2.0 specification, and the specification was subsequently released on 18 October 2022.[15][16] It added 80 Gbit/s speeds with optionally asymmetric connections, a new, optional alternative to the existing USB3 tunneling "USB3 Gen T tunneling", removed PCIe overhead limitations and updated the support of DisplayPort to the then current Version 2.1.

Around the release of the new USB4 Version 2.0 specification, USB-IF also transitioned to new logos and names to simplify representing the maximum supported speeds (and wattages) to consumers.[17] The new names are unified across all USB standards and removed the prior, explicit distinction between USB3 and USB4 speeds.

Data transfer modes

[edit]
USB 80Gbps port logo

USB4 by itself does not provide any generic data transfer mechanism or device classes like USB 3.x, but serves mostly as a way to tunnel other protocols like USB 3.2, DisplayPort, and optionally PCIe. While it does provide a native Host-to-Host protocol, as the name implies it is only available between two connected hosts; it is used to implement Host IP Networking. With the USB4 1.0 specification, when the host and device do not support optional PCIe tunneling, the non-display bandwidth is limited to mandatory USB 3.2 10 Gbit/s, with optional support for USB 3.2 20 Gbit/s. The USB4 2.0 specification named this USB3 Gen X tunneling and introduced optional support for a new USB3 Gen T tunneling that extends the USB3 protocol to be able to use the maximum available bandwidth.

USB4 V2.0 specifies tunneling of:

USB4 also includes support of a DisplayPort alternate mode. That means, DisplayPort signalling (including audio/video signals) can be sent either via USB4 tunneling or using a USB-C alternate mode. DisplayPort 2.1 specification supports a video resolution up to 8K at 60 Hz with HDR10 color depth, and data rate up to 80 Gbit/s which is the same amount available to USB data, but just unidirectional.[18]

Legacy USB (1–2) is always supported using the dedicated wires in the USB-C connector.

Some transfer modes are supported by all USB4 devices, support for others is optional. The requirements for supported modes depend on the type of device.

Transfer mode support by endpoints[19]
Mode Host Hub Peripheral device
USB4 Gen 2x2 (20 Gbit/s) Yes Yes Yes
USB4 Gen 3x2 (40 Gbit/s) Optional Yes Optional
USB4 Gen 4 symm. (80 Gbit/s) Optional Optional Optional
USB4 Gen 4 asymm. (3:1 or 1:3) (120/40 or 40/120 tx/rx Gbit/s) Optional Optional[a] Optional
USB 2.0 support (480 Mbit/s)[b] Yes Yes Optional
Tunneled USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 (10 Gbit/s)) Yes Yes Optional
Tunneled USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20 Gbit/s) Optional Optional Optional
Tunneled USB3 Gen T (variable bandwidth)[c] Optional Optional Optional
Tunneled DisplayPort[d] Yes Yes Optional
Tunneled PCI Express[e] Optional[f] Yes Optional
Host-to-Host communications Yes Yes —
USB-C DisplayPort Alternate Mode[g] Yes Yes Optional
USB-C Thunderbolt Alternate Mode Optional[f] Yes Optional
Other USB-C Alternate Modes Optional Optional Optional
  1. ^ Even for "80 Gbps" USB4 hubs, supporting asymmetric connections (in either direction) is optional
  2. ^ USB2 connection runs on dedicated Fabric (four wires and dedicated hosts/hubs/functions), tunneling is therefore not required.
  3. ^ USB3 Gen T tunneling has defined bandwidth options. They match the total USB4 speed numbers 10,20,40,80 and even asymmetric 40/120,120/40 connections. USB4 2.0 specification, p536, tab.9-19
  4. ^ The USB4 specification makes no requirements on the capabilities of DP, but the (optional) Thunderbolt 3 compatibility indirectly defines the support of DP 1.2, or 1.4 respectively, for its tunneled version.
  5. ^ The USB4 specification makes no requirements on the apabilities of PCIe, but the (optional) Thunderbolt 3 compatibility indirectly defines the support of PCIe 3.0 x2 for its tunneled version.
  6. ^ a b Windows HLK requires any USB4 port support PCIe tunneling and TB3 compatibility. No minimum PCIe bandwidth requirements.[20]
  7. ^ The USB4 specification makes no requirements on the minimum speed or capabilities of DP, but the Thunderbolt 4 compatibility in USB4 2.0 indirectly defines the support of DP 2.1 for its Alternate Mode.
Comparison of transfer modes
Mode Name Old Name(s) Encoding Multiple Lanes Nominal Signaling Rate
(Gbit/s) 		raw data rate
(GB/s)[disputed – discuss] 		USB-IF
Current Marketing Name[21] 		Logo[21]
per lane (full-duplex, 4 wires) total (per direction)
USB 2.0 Does not appear NRZI w/ bit stuffing Single 0.480 (half-duplex) 0.480 (half-duplex) 0.060 (half-duplex) Hi-Speed USB
USB 3.2 Gen 1x1 USB 3.0,
USB 3.1 Gen 1 		8b/10b Single 5 5 0.625 USB 5Gbps
USB 3.2 Gen 1x2 Does not appear Dual 5 10 1.2 USB 10Gbps
USB 3.2 Gen 2x1[a] USB 3.1,
USB 3.1 Gen 2 		128b/132b Single 10 10 1.2
USB 3.2 Gen 2x2[a] Does not appear Dual 10 20 2.4 USB 20Gbps
USB4 Gen 2x1[a] 64b/66b[b] Single 10 10 1.2 (transient/fallback)[c]
USB4 Gen 2x2[a] Dual 10 20 2.4 USB 20Gbps
USB4 Gen 3x1 128b/132b[b] Single 20 20 2.4 (transient/fallback)[c]
USB4 Gen 3x2 Dual 20 40 4.8 USB 40Gbps
USB4 Gen 4 symmetric PAM-3[22] Dual 40 80 9.6[disputed – discuss] USB 80Gbps
USB4 Gen 4 asymmetric 3:1 3tx, 1rx 40 120/40 (tx/rx) 14.4[disputed – discuss] —[d]
USB4 Gen 4 asymmetric 1:3 1tx, 3rx 40 40/120 (tx/rx) 14.4[disputed – discuss] —[d]
  1. ^ a b c d USB4 Gen 2x1 and Gen 2x2 is different from USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 and Gen 2x2 respectively. They only signify the same speed, but are coded differently on the electrical layer.
  2. ^ a b USB4 can use optional Reed–Solomon forward error correction (RS FEC). In this mode, 12 × 16 B (128 bit) symbols are assembled together with 2 B (12 bit + 4 bit reserved) synchronisation bits indicating the respective symbol types and 4 B of RS FEC to allow to correct up to 1 B of errors anywhere in the total 198 B block.
  3. ^ a b USB4 is required to support dual-lane modes, but it uses single-lane operations during initialization of a dual-lane link; single-lane link can also be used as a fallback mode in case of a lane bonding error.
  4. ^ a b Optional features of USB 80Gbps connections and devices.

In Thunderbolt compatibility mode, the lanes are driven slightly faster at 10.3125 Gbit/s (for Gen 2) and 20.625 Gbit/s (for Gen 3), as required by Thunderbolt specifications (these are called legacy speeds and rounded speeds[23]). After removal of 64b/66b encoding, those also become round, 20.625/66 × 64 = 20.000 Gbit/s.

Cable Compatibility

[edit]

The Type-C standard supports cable backward / downward compatibility in many situations. The compatibility typically only breaks between the different main standards USB 2.0, USB 3.2, USB4. The USB4 standard mandates that classic active or hybrid active cables still have vast backward compatibility support, so as to behave as if they were regular, passive cables in the eyes of the consumer.[24] But forward compatibility is limited for active cables. Only Optically Isolated Active Cables (OIAC), that should be clearly distinguishable (price, design, cable thickness, advertising) is allowed to strip most of the backwards compatibility away.

Overview of passive[25][26] and active Type-C cables[27] and their USB4 support
Cable Type Mode Marketing Names max USB4 signaling rate Exp. max.

Cable Length[a]

Other Support Power
USB 2.0 USB 3.2 TB3 DP
USB 2.0 (aka legacy cable, charging cable) No ≤ 4m Yes No No No USB PD:

60W

or

100W

or

240W

Full-Featured

passive

Gen 1 USB 5 Gbps 20 Gbit/s[b] ≤ 2m Yes Yes No Yes[c]
Gen 2 USB 20 Gbps

(USB 10 Gbps deprecated)

20 Gbit/s ≤ 1m Yes Yes 20 Gbit/s
FF

passive

USB4

(passive TB4 & TB5)

Gen 3 & Gen 4 USB 40 Gbps

USB 80 Gbps

80 Gbit/s

(or asymm.)

≤ 0.8m Yes Yes Yes[d]
FF

active / hybrid optical

USB4

Gen 2 USB 20 Gbps

(USB 10 Gbps deprecated)

20 Gbit/s < 5m Yes Yes Yes Usually
FF act./hybr. opt. USB4

(active TB4)

Gen 3 USB 40 Gbps 40 Gbit/s < 5m Yes Yes Yes Usually
FF act./hybr. opt.

(active TB5)

Gen 4 USB 80 Gbps 80 Gbit/s

(or asymm.)

< 5m Yes Yes Yes Usually
USB 3.? active Gen 1 or Gen 2 ? No ? Yes No No Optional
OIAC USB 3.? Gen 2 ? No ? No 20 Gbit/s only No No —
OIAC USB4 Gen 3 ? 40 Gbit/s ? No Yes No
Gen 4 ? 80 Gbit/s

(or asymm.)

? No Yes No
Thunderbolt 3 passive Gen 2 TB Logo without "3" 20 Gbit/s ≤ 2m Yes Yes 20 Gbit/s Yes USB PD:

60W

or

100W

Gen 3 TB Logo + "3" 80 Gbit/s

(or asymm.)

≤ 0.8m Yes Yes Yes Yes
Thunderbolt 3 active Gen 3 TB Logo + "3" No[e] (longest available: 3m) Yes (mostly no) Yes (mostly no)
Thunderbolt 3 optical Gen 3 TB Logo + "3" No ? No No Yes No —
  1. ^ Maximum cable lengths are not normative, but simply estimates of the USB specification, based on the expected physical limits of conventional copper cables.
  2. ^ USB4 has less strict signal requirements than USB 3.2?. Spec compliant USB 3.2 Gen 1x1? cables should support USB4 20 Gbit/s
  3. ^ DP 2.1 aligned itself to USB4 in terms of the electrical signaling."VESA Releases DisplayPort 2.1 Specification". Retrieved 2024-08-06. Full-Featured USB-C cables should support the DP speeds that match the per-wire-pair speeds (Gen 2 ≙ UHBR10, Gen 3 ≙ UHBR20). Since USB4 supports Gen 2 speeds over USB 3.2 Gen 1x1? cables, this also probably works and probably also includes the previous lesser DP speeds. But since Vesa specifications are not public, hard to be sure.[citation needed]
  4. ^ USB4 launched with passive Gen 3 cables supporting TB3 40 Gbit/s on an electrical level, but where not mandated to identify in the historical way TB3 identified those cables (because that predates the existence of "Gen 3"). Early passive USB4 cables may thus not be identified as TB3 40 Gbit/s capable by old TB3 equipment predating the existence of USB4. This was fixed with a later revision.Leung, Benson. "ECN to ensure full compatibility of USB4 cables with TB3 specification". Retrieved 2024-06-08.[citation needed]
  5. ^ The Apple TB3 Pro cable is one of the few active TB3 cables that supports DP and USB 3.2?. It is unclear if that is special behavior or the cable would be compatible to USB4 as well.

Power delivery

[edit]

USB4 requires USB Power Delivery (USB PD). A USB4 connection needs to negotiate a USB PD contract before being established. A USB4 source must at least provide 7.5 W (5 V, 1.5 A) per port. A USB4 sink must require less than 250 mA (default), 1.5 A, or 3 A @ 5 V of power (depending on USB-C resistor configuration) before USB PD negotiation. With USB PD, up to 240 W of power is possible with 'Extended power range' (5 A at 48 V). For 'Standard Power range' up to 100 W is possible (5 A at 20 V).

Thunderbolt compatibility

[edit]

Thunderbolt 3

[edit]

The USB4 specification states that a design goal is to "Retain compatibility with existing ecosystem of USB and Thunderbolt products." Compatibility with Thunderbolt 3 is required for USB4 hubs; it is optional for USB4 hosts and USB4 peripheral devices.[28] Compatible products need to implement 40 Gbit/s mode, at least 15 W of supplied power, and the different clock; implementers need to sign the license agreement and register a Vendor ID with Intel.[29]

Thunderbolt 4

[edit]

During CES 2020, USB-IF and Intel stated their intention to allow USB4 products that support all the optional functionality as Thunderbolt 4 products. The first products compatible with USB4 were Intel's Tiger Lake processors, with more devices appearing around the end of 2020.[30][31]

Thunderbolt 5

[edit]
Main article: Thunderbolt 5

Pinout

[edit]
Type-C receptacle pinout (end-on view)

USB4 has 24 pins in a symmetrical USB type C shell. USB4 has 12 A pins on the top and 12 B pins on the bottom.[32]

USB4 has two lanes of differential SuperSpeed pairs. Lane one uses TX1+, TX1−, RX1+, RX1− and lane two uses TX2+, TX2−, RX2+, RX2−. USB4 transfers data at 20 Gbit/s per lane. USB4 also keeps the differential D+ and D− for USB 2.0 transfer.[33]

The CC configuration channels have the roles of creating a relationship between attached ports, detecting plug orientation due to the reversible USB type C shell, discovering the VBUS power supply pins, determining the lane ordering of the SuperSpeed lanes, and finally the USB protocol makes the CC configuration channel responsible for entering USB4 operation.[34]

Type-C receptacle A pin layout
Pin Name Description
A1 GND Ground return
A2 SSTXp1 ("TX1+") SuperSpeed differential pair #1, TX, positive
A3 SSTXn1 ("TX1-") SuperSpeed differential pair #1, TX, negative
A4 VBUS Bus power
A5 CC1 Configuration channel
A6 Dp1 USB 2.0 differential pair, position 1, positive
A7 Dn1 USB 2.0 differential pair, position 1, negative
A8 SBU1 Sideband use (SBU)
A9 VBUS Bus power
A10 SSRXn2 ("RX2-") SuperSpeed differential pair #4, RX, negative
A11 SSRXp2 ("RX2+") SuperSpeed differential pair #4, RX, positive
A12 GND Ground return
Type-C receptacle B pin layout
Pin Name Description
B12 GND Ground return
B11 SSRXp1 SuperSpeed differential pair #2, RX, positive
B10 SSRXn1 SuperSpeed differential pair #2, RX, negative
B9 VBUS Bus power
B8 SBU2 Sideband use (SBU)
B7 Dn2 USB 2.0 differential pair, position 2, negative[a]
B6 Dp2 USB 2.0 differential pair, position 2, positive[a]
B5 CC2 Configuration channel
B4 VBUS Bus power
B3 SSTXn2 SuperSpeed differential pair #3, TX, negative
B2 SSTXp2 SuperSpeed differential pair #3, TX, positive
B1 GND Ground return
  1. ^ a b There is only a single non-SuperSpeed differential pair in the cable. This pin is not connected in the plug/cable.

Software support

[edit]

USB4 is supported by:

Hardware support

[edit]

Brad Saunders, CEO of the USB Promoter Group, anticipates that most PCs with USB4 will support Thunderbolt 3, but for phones the manufacturers are less likely to implement Thunderbolt 3 support.[12]

On 3 March 2020, Cypress Semiconductor announced new Type-C power (PD) controllers supporting USB4, CCG6DF as dual port and CCG6SF as single-port.[39]

In November 2020, Apple unveiled MacBook Air (M1, 2020), MacBook Pro (13-inch, M1, 2020), and Mac mini (M1, 2020) featuring two USB4 ports.

AMD also stated that Zen 3+ (Rembrandt) processors will support USB4[40] and released products do have this feature after a chipset driver update.[41] However, AMD has only announced support for USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 in Zen 4 processors that were released in September 2022.[42][43] Intel supports Thunderbolt 3 and USB-C with the mobile 9th generation processors in 2019.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023
  2. ^ "USB-IF Announces Publication of New USB4 Specification to Enable USB 80Gbps Performance" (PDF). 2022-10-18.
  3. ^ Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023
  4. ^ Type-C Cable and Connector Specification, p216f, sec. 4.6
  5. ^ USB Power Delivery Specification 2023
  6. ^ USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023, p1, sec. 1.5, p12, sec. 2
  7. ^ USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023, p15, sec. 2.1.5
  8. ^ Hill, Brandon (2019-03-04). "USB4 Leverages Thunderbolt 3 Protocol Doubling Speeds To 40Gbps". HotHardware. Archived from the original on 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  9. ^ "USB4 announced with 40Gbps bandwidth, it's based on Thunderbolt 3". GSMArena.com. Archived from the original on 2022-01-15. Retrieved 2020-04-29.
  10. ^ "With USB 4, Thunderbolt and USB will converge". 2019-03-04. Archived from the original on 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  11. ^ Hagedoorn, Hilbert. "USB 4.0 Will Arrive in Late 2020". Guru3D. Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  12. ^ a b Piltch, Avram (2021-04-20). "USB 4: Everything We Know So Far". Tom's Hardware. Archived from the original on 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  13. ^ USB4 Spec. p.1
  14. ^ "VESA Releases Updated DisplayPort Alt Mode Spec to Bring DisplayPort 2.0 Performance to USB4 and New USB Type-C Devices". www.prnewswire.com. Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  15. ^ "USB Promoter Group Announces USB4 Version 2.0". www.businesswire.com. 2022-09-01. Archived from the original on 2022-09-02. Retrieved 2022-09-02.
  16. ^ "USB-IF Announces Publication of New USB4 Specification to Enable USB 80Gbps Performance" (PDF). USB-IF. USB Implementers Forum. 2022-10-18. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  17. ^ Porter, Jon (2022-09-30). "USB kills off SuperSpeed branding as it tries to simplify its ubiquitous connector". The Verge. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  18. ^ "VESA RELEASES UPDATED DISPLAYPORT ALT MODE SPEC TO BRING DISPLAYPORT 2.0 PERFORMANCE TO USB4 AND NEW USB TYPE-C DEVICES". Vesa. 2020-04-29. Archived from the original on 2021-11-23. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  19. ^ USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023, p17ff, sec. 2.1.1.4
  20. ^ windows-driver-content (2022-05-18). "USB4 Systems PCIe Tunneling Support". learn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  21. ^ a b USB Trademark Requirements Chart from USB-IF
  22. ^ Team GraniteRiverLabs (2023-01-17). "Welcome to the 80Gpbs Ultra-High Speed Era of USB4". www.graniteriverlabs.com. GraniteRiverLabs Taiwan. Archived from the original on 2023-02-21. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
  23. ^ "How to Test and Troubleshoot USB4" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  24. ^ Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023, p261 para. 3
  25. ^ Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023, p42, Tab 3-1
  26. ^ "How to Beat the Maximum USB Cable Length Limit". blog.tripplite.com. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
  27. ^ Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023, p261 sec. 6
  28. ^ USB4 Specification V1.0 August 2019 Chapter 13: "A USB4 host and USB4 peripheral device may optionally support TBT3-Compatibility. If a USB4 host or USB4 peripheral device supports TBT3-Compatibility, it shall do so as defined in this chapter".
  29. ^ "USB4 Thunderbolt3 Compatibility Requirements Specification – USB-F". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2021-11-13.
  30. ^ "USB4 devices are clear to roll out next year". Engadget. Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  31. ^ Maislinger, Florian (2019-06-14). "First USB 4 devices to be launched at the end of 2020". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  32. ^ "The Relationship Between USB4 and the USB Type-C Connector". Total Phase Blog. 2020-02-18. Archived from the original on 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
  33. ^ "USB4 Specification". www.usb.org. Archived from the original on 2022-04-14. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
  34. ^ Leung, Benson (2018-11-19). "USB Type-C's Configuration Channel". Medium. Archived from the original on 2022-04-05. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
  35. ^ "Linux 5.6 Kernel Released With WireGuard, USB4, New AMD + Intel Hardware Support – Phoronix". Phoronix.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  36. ^ "Introducing the next generation of Mac". apple.com. 2020-11-10. Archived from the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  37. ^ "Introduction to the USB4 connection manager in Windows". docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  38. ^ "February 29, 2024—KB5034848 (OS Builds 22621.3235 and 22631.3235) Preview - Microsoft Support". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  39. ^ Shilov, Anton. "Cypress Announces USB 3.2 & USB4-Ready Controllers: EZ-PD CCG6DF & CCG6SF". www.anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  40. ^ Cutress, Ian (2022-01-04). "AMD Announces Ryzen 6000 Mobile CPUs for Laptops: Zen3+ on 6nm with RDNA2 Graphics". Anandtech. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
  41. ^ Klotz, Aaron (2022-06-28). "AMD Introduces USB 4 Support in Chipset Update for Ryzen 6000 Mobile (Updated)". Tom's Hardware.
  42. ^ Bonshor, Gavin (2022-05-23). "AMD Ryzen 7000 Announced: 16 Cores of Zen 4, Plus PCIe 5 and DDR5 for Socket AM5, Coming This Fall". Anandtech. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
  43. ^ "AMD confirms Zen4 & Ryzen 7000 series lineup: Raphael in 2022, Dragon Range and Phoenix in 2023". VideoCardz.com. Retrieved 2022-11-29.

Specification References

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